进阶练20 完形填空（模拟卷）专练-新高考英语一轮总复习（上海专用）（解析版）

PAGE1PAGE2进阶练20完形填空（最新模拟卷）专练（解析版）学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、完形填空（2023·上海普陀·统考二模）“Challenge-basedlearningisoftenfocusedonthechallengesthathaveglobalimpact.Thestudents,who1thechallenge,oftendon’tknowwhatthesolutionwillbe.Thefacilitatoriskeepingthemfrom2asolutiontooearly,andencouragestoanalyzethechallengefrommultiplepointsofview,andfromdifferentscientificperspectives,”saysVilmaSukacke,aresearcheratKaunasUniversityofTechnology(KTU),Lithuania.Suchalearningapproachisveryfittingtosustainabilityeducation,which,accordingtovariousscholars,3acontextual,problem-oriented,reflective,interdisciplinary(跨学科),collaborative,participatoryandempoweredlearningenvironment.Inotherwords,educatorshaveto4frommoretraditionalteacher-centrededucationtobecominginstructionaldesignersofstudent-centrededucation.Aimingtoevaluatethe5ofsuchapproaches,agroupofresearchersfromLithuanian,Danish,German,PortugueseandSpanishuniversitiesconductedasystematicliteraturereview,6thethreeactivelearningmethods,i.e..project,problemandchallenge-basedlearningaccordingtotheADDIE(analysis,design,development,implementation,andevaluation)framework.7theeducatorsagreethatproblem-basedlearning(PBL),project-basedlearning(PJBL)and,morerecently,challenge-basedlearning(CBL)areefficientinteachingthestudentsto8technologyinreal-lifesituationsandimprovingtheirtransversal(横向)skills,suchasteamwork,communicationandconflictresolution,theapplicationofthesemethodsintheclassroommaybechallengingforbothsides.“Inmypractice,Ihavenoticedthatsometimesstudentsare9innovativelearningmethodsandareconsideringthemasasortofagame.Astheseclassesoftentakeplaceinaplayfullenvironment,fullofdifferentpencils,colorfulnotesandbuildingblocks,it’sdifficultforthestudentstotakethem10.Therefore,it’sveryimportantto11themethodsandthegoalstothelearnersveryclearly,”saysProfessorSaulePetronienefromKTUFacultyofSocialSciences,ArtsandHumanities,aco-authorofthestudy.Accordingtoher,tosuccessfullyapplyunconventionalteachingmethodsisachallengeforabeginningteacher.However,thiseffort12,especiallywhenstudentscontinuetheiractivitiesoutsideschoolandfocusonsolving13socialproblems.Rescarchersbelievethatthe14ofCBL,PJBL,andPBLrequiresaparadigm(范式)shift,whereorganization,staffandstudentschangetheirviewtoeducationandlearning.Inthisprocess,bothteachersandstudentsneedtoapplynewskillsand15rolesthattheymightnothaveneededbefore.1．A．allow B．introduce C．accept D．expect2．A．carryingon B．focusingon C．applyingfor D．inquiringabout3．A．caresabout B．tellsof C．turnsto D．callsfor4．A．shift B．differ C．suffer D．learn5．A．outcome B．efficiency C．impact D．value6．A．exploring B．applying C．modifying D．explaining7．A．Whether B．Aslongas C．Although D．Because8．A．develop B．include C．associate D．integrate9．A．approving B．questioning C．preventing D．adopting10．A．affectionately B．calmly C．seriously D．coolly11．A．transfer B．change C．communicate D．express12．A．paysoff B．goesaway C．givesoff D．breaksdown13．A．subjective B．real C．imaginary D．virtual14．A．combination B．organization C．realization D．cooperation15．A．takeon B．putaway C．sendfor D．dealwith【答案】1．C2．B3．D4．A5．B6．A7．C8．D9．B10．C11．C12．A13．B14．C15．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是基于挑战的学习方法的优点和对此进行的相关研究。1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：接受挑战的学生往往不知道解决方案是什么。A.allow允许；B.introduce介绍；C.accept接受；D.expect期待。根据下文“oftendon’tknowwhatthesolutionwillbe”可知，句子表示“接受挑战的学生往往不知道解决方案是什么”，空格处意为“接受”。故选C。2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：立陶宛考纳斯理工大学的研究员VilmaSukacke说:“引导者阻止他们过早地把注意力集中在解决方案上，并鼓励他们从多个角度、从不同的科学角度分析挑战。”A.carryingon继续；B.focusingon集中于；C.applyingfor申请；D.inquiringabout询问。根据下文“encouragestoanalyzethechallengefrommultiplepointsofview,andfromdifferentscientificperspectives”可知，句子表示“引导者阻止他们过早地把注意力集中在解决方案上”。故选B。3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这种学习方法非常适合可持续发展教育，根据许多学者的说法，可持续发展教育需要一个情境化的、问题导向的、反思的、跨学科的、协作的、参与式的和赋权的学习环境。A.caresabout关心；B.tellsof讲述；C.turnsto求助于；D.callsfor要求。根据下文“acontextual,problem-oriented,reflective,interdisciplinary(跨学科),collaborative,participatoryandempoweredlearningenvironment”可知，句子表示“根据许多学者的说法，可持续发展教育需要一个情境化的、问题导向的、反思的、跨学科的、协作的、参与式的和赋权的学习环境”。故选D。4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：换句话说，教育工作者必须从传统的以教师为中心的教育转变为以学生为中心的教育的教学设计师。A.shift转变；B.differ不同；C.suffer遭受；D.learn学习。根据下文“frommoretraditionalteacher-centrededucationtobecominginstructionaldesignersofstudent-centrededucation”可知，句子表示“教育工作者必须从传统的以教师为中心的教育转变为以学生为中心的教育的教学设计师”。故选A。5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了评估这些方法的有效性，一组来自立陶宛、丹麦、德国、葡萄牙和西班牙大学的研究人员进行了系统的文献综述，探索了三种主动学习方法，即根据ADDIE（分析、设计、开发、实现和评估）框架进行基于项目、问题和挑战的学习。A.outcome结果；B.efficiency效率；C.impact影响；D.value价值。根据下文“agroupofresearchersfromLithuanian,Danish,German,PortugueseandSpanishuniversitiesconductedasystematicliteraturereview,_____6_____thethreeactivelearningmethods,i.e..project,problemandchallenge-basedlearningaccordingtotheADDIE(analysis,design,development,implementation,andevaluation)framework”可知，句子表示“为了评估这些方法的有效性，一组来自立陶宛、丹麦、德国、葡萄牙和西班牙大学的研究人员进行了系统的文献综述”。故选B。6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了评估这些方法的有效性，一组来自立陶宛、丹麦、德国、葡萄牙和西班牙大学的研究人员进行了系统的文献综述，探索了三种主动学习方法，即根据ADDIE（分析、设计、开发、实现和评估）框架进行基于项目、问题和挑战的学习。A.exploring探索；B.applying应用；C.modifying修改；D.explaining解释。根据下文“thethreeactivelearningmethods”可知，此处表示“探索了三种主动学习方法”。故选A。7．考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然教育工作者都认为基于问题的学习、基于项目的学习以及最近的基于挑战的学习在教授学生将技术整合到现实生活情境中并提高他们的横向技能（如团队合作、沟通和解决冲突）方面是有效的，但这些方法在课堂上的应用可能对双方都具有挑战性。A.Whether是否；B.Aslongas只要；C.Although虽然；D.Because因为。根据下文“theapplicationofthesemethodsintheclassroommaybechallengingforbothsides”可知，句子表示“虽然教育工作者都认为基于问题的学习、基于项目的学习以及最近的基于挑战的学习在教授学生将技术整合到现实生活情境中并提高他们的横向技能（如团队合作、沟通和解决冲突）方面是有效的，但这些方法在课堂上的应用可能对双方都具有挑战性”，空格处意为“虽然”，是although，引导让步状语从句。故选C。8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然教育工作者都认为基于问题的学习、基于项目的学习以及最近的基于挑战的学习在教授学生将技术整合到现实生活情境中并提高他们的横向技能（如团队合作、沟通和解决冲突）方面是有效的，但这些方法在课堂上的应用可能对双方都具有挑战性。A.develop发展；B.include包括；C.associate联系；D.integrate（使）合并。根据下文“technologyinreal-lifesituationsandimprovingtheirtransversal(横向)skills”可知，句子表示“将技术整合到现实生活情境中并提高他们的横向技能”。故选D。9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我的实践中，我注意到有时学生会质疑创新的学习方法，并将其视为一种游戏。A.approving批准；B.questioning质疑；C.preventing阻止；D.adopting采用。根据下文“consideringthemasasortofagame”可知，句子表示“有时学生会质疑创新的学习方法”。故选B。10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：由于这些课程通常是在一个充满游戏的环境中进行的，充满了不同的铅笔，彩色的笔记和积木，学生很难把它们当回事。A.affectionately亲切地；B.calmly平静地；C.seriously认真地；D.coolly冷静地。根据上文“theseclassesoftentakeplaceinaplayfullenvironment,fullofdifferentpencils,colorfulnotesandbuildingblocks”可知，句子表示“由于这些课程通常是在一个充满游戏的环境中进行的，充满了不同的铅笔，彩色的笔记和积木，学生很难把它们当回事”，takesth.seriously意为“认真对待某事”。故选C。11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，将方法和目标清楚地传达给学习者是非常重要的。A.transfer转移；B.change改变；C.communicate传达，传递；D.express表达。根据下文“themethodsandthegoalstothelearnersveryclearly”可知，此处表示“将方法和目标清楚地传达给学习者”。故选C。12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，这种努力是有回报的，尤其是当学生们继续在校外活动，专注于解决真正的社会问题时。A.paysoff得到回报；B.goesaway走开；C.givesoff发出；D.breaksdown出故障。根据上文“Accordingtoher,tosuccessfullyapplyunconventionalteachingmethodsisachallengeforabeginningteacher.However”和however表转折可知，此处表示“然而，这种努力是有回报的，尤其是当学生们继续在校外活动，专注于解决真正的社会问题时”。故选A。13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这种努力是有回报的，尤其是当学生们继续在校外活动，专注于解决真正的社会问题时。A.subjective主观的；B.real真正的；C.imaginary虚构的；D.virtual虚拟的。根据下文“socialproblems”可知，此处表示“解决真正的社会问题”。故选B。14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究者认为，CBL、PJBL和PBL的实现需要范式转变，组织、员工和学生改变对教育和学习的看法。A.combination结合；B.organization组织；C.realization实现；D.cooperation合作。根据下文“ofCBL,PJBL,andPBLrequiresaparadigm(范式)shift,whereorganization,staffandstudentschangetheirviewtoeducationandlearning”可知，CBL、PJBL和PBL的实现需要范式转变，故选C。15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在这个过程中，老师和学生都需要应用新的技能，承担他们以前可能不需要的角色。A.takeon承担；B.putaway放好；C.sendfor派人去叫；D.dealwith处理。根据下文“rolesthattheymightnothaveneededbefore”可知，此处表示“承担他们以前可能不需要的角色”。故选A。（2023春·上海·高三上海市大同中学校考阶段练习）‘Guilty’Pleasures?NoSuchThingWeknowthemwhenweseethem:TheTVshowsandmovieswelove,eventhoughwejustknowthey’rebad.Thetrashybookswesimplycan’t16.Theawfulearwormswehatetolove.Yes,theseareourguiltypleasures—whatsomepeopleconsiderthe17foodinourmediadiets.Butifweenjoythem,whyshouldwefeel18?Weshouldbefreetoenjoywhateverwelike!Andasitturnsout,theseso-called“guilty”pleasurescanactuallybegoodforus,solongasthey’reenjoyedin19.Takingamentalbreakandenjoyingsomethingthatdoesn’trequireintenseintellectual20getsusoutofproblem-solvingmode,saidRobinNabi,aprofessorofcommunicationattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,whospecializesinmediaeffectsandemotion.Itcanalsoimproveourabilitytoproductivelydealwithstressorsandhelpus21morepositivelywithotherpeople.Ifthat’strue,thenwhydoguiltypleasuresgetsuchabad22?Well,it’snottheaddictionitself,butthe23wehavewhentalkingaboutthem.However,accordingtoexpertslikeDr.Nabi,feelingguiltyaboutordisparaging(贬低)activitiesweenjoycan24thebenefitstheyofferuswhilegettingridofself-imposed(自我强加的)embarrassmentaboutourinterestscanbeempoweringandenrichoursociallives,whichiswhyit’stimetoremove“guiltypleasure”fromourcollective25.Oneimportantvalueofaguiltypleasureisthebonditcancreatebetweenpeople.“Theseshowsareoutthereforareason—they’reresonating(产生共鸣的),”Dr.Nabisaid.Headdedthattheconnectionswemakewithotherswhoshareourinterestsinsuchthings“isnottobe26.”27,talkingaboutwhatweenjoycaneaseanyremainingguiltandmakesiteasiertodiscovermorethingsthatbringuspleasure.Beingabletotalk28aboutwhatweloveismorethanjustawaytospendthetime.Afterall,ifyoudon’tfeellikeyoucanbehonestaboutwhatTVpleasesyou,thenwhatelseareyou29yourselfandothers.Still,it’sbesttofollowtheage-oldadviceourparentstaughtus:Everythinginmoderation.Thoughguiltcanenhancepleasureinsomecases,itcanalsopushustoindulge(沉溺)in30wefeelguiltyaboutinothers.16．A．turndown B．takein C．tearapart D．putdown17．A．junk B．sugary C．spiritual D．transformative18．A．relaxed B．guilty C．helpless D．alert19．A．mass B．moderation C．minimum D．depression20．A．focus B．superiority C．quality D．development21．A．struggle B．charge C．engage D．persevere22．A．breakup B．principle C．condition D．reputation23．A．consciousness B．obligation C．attitudes D．requirements24．A．switch B．receive C．claim D．decrease25．A．vocabulary B．experience C．recognition D．target26．A．established B．underestimated C．found D．strengthened27．A．Inaddition B．Onthecontrary C．Allinall D．Therefore28．A．enthusiastically B．casually C．openly D．politely29．A．drivingaway B．insistingon C．pushingforward D．keepingfrom30．A．theories B．behaviors C．problems D．relationships【答案】16．D17．A18．B19．B20．A21．C22．D23．C24．D25．A26．B27．A28．C29．D30．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了事实证明，只要适度享受，这些所谓的“有罪的快感”对我们是有好处的。16．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们根本放不下那些垃圾书。A.turndown拒绝；B.takein吸收；C.tearapart撕破；D.putdown放下。根据“TheTVshowsandmovieswelove,eventhoughwejustknowthey’rebad.”可知，此处表示因为喜欢垃圾书，所以根本放不下它们。故选D。17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：是的，这些都是我们的有罪的快感——有些人认为是我们媒体饮食中的垃圾食品。A.junk垃圾；B.sugary含糖的；C.spiritual精神上的；D.transformative有改革能力的。根据上文的“eventhoughwejustknowthey’rebad.”、“Thetrashybooks”和“Theawfulearworms”可知，此处指垃圾食品。故选A。18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但如果我们喜欢它们，我们为什么要感到有罪恶感呢？A.relaxed放松的；B.guilty有罪恶感的；C.helpless无助的；D.alert警觉的。根据上文的“Yes,theseareourguiltypleasures”可知，此处提出疑问“既然喜欢，为什么要有罪恶感？”故选B。19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，只要适度享受，这些所谓的“有罪”的快感实际上对我们有好处。A.mass大量；B.moderation适度；C.minimum最小值；D.depression抑郁。根据“Weshouldbefreetoenjoywhateverwelike!”和“theseso-called“guilty”pleasurescanactuallybegoodforus”可知，只要适度的喜欢，这些有罪的快感对我们是有好处的。故选B。20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：加州大学圣巴巴拉分校(UniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara)专门研究媒体效应和情感的传播学教授罗宾·纳比(RobinNabi)说，让精神休息一下，享受一些不需要高度专注于智力的事情，可以让我们摆脱解决问题的模式。A.focus关注；B.superiority优势；C.quality质量；D.development发展。根据“enjoyingsomethingthatdoesn’trequireintenseintellectual”可知，此处表示享受一些不需要高度专注于智力的事情。故选A。21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它还可以提高我们有效处理压力源的能力，帮助我们更积极地与他人交往。A.struggle奋斗；B.charge收费；C.engage从事；D.persevere坚持不懈。engagewith为固定短语，表示“与……交往，建立友好关系”。故选C。22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果这是真的，那么为什么有罪的快感会有这么坏的名声呢？A.breakup破裂；B.principle原则；C.condition条件；D.reputation名声。根据“bad”和“Well,it’snottheaddictionitself”可知，有罪的快感有坏的名声。故选D。23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题不在于上瘾本身，而在于我们谈论上瘾时的态度。A.consciousness意识，知；B.obligation义务；C.attitudes态度；D.requirements要求。此处表示表明，罪恶的快感有坏的名声，是我们谈论它的态度有问题。故选C。24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，根据纳比博士等专家的说法，对我们喜欢的活动感到内疚或贬低会减少它们给我们带来的好处，而摆脱对我们的兴趣的自我强加的尴尬可以增强和丰富我们的社交生活，这就是为什么是时候把“有罪的快感”从我们的集体词汇中删除了。A.switch交换；B.receive接收；C.claim声称；D.decrease减少。根据“feelingguiltyaboutordisparaging(贬低)activitiesweenjoy”可知，对我们喜欢的活动感到内疚或贬低会减少它们给我们带来的好处。故选D。25．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.vocabulary词汇；B.experience经历；C.recognition识别；D.target目标。根据上文“feelingguiltyaboutordisparaging(贬低)activitiesweenjoycan9thebenefitstheyofferuswhilegettingridofself-imposed(自我强加的)embarrassmentaboutourinterestscanbeempoweringandenrichoursociallives”可知，对我们喜欢的活动感到内疚或贬低会减少它们给我们带来的好处，而摆脱对我们的兴趣的自我强加的尴尬可以增强和丰富我们的社交生活，因此要把“有罪的快感”从集体词汇中删除。故选A。26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他补充说，我们与在这类事情上有共同兴趣的人建立的联系“不可低估”。A.established建立；B.underestimated低估；C.found找到；D.strengthened加强。根据上文“Oneimportantvalueofaguiltypleasureisthebonditcancreatebetweenpeople.“Theseshowsareoutthereforareason—they’reresonating(产生共鸣的),”Dr.Nabisaid.”可知，我们与在这类事情上有共同兴趣的人建立的联系“不可低估”。故选B。27．考查介词短语和副词词义辨析。句意：此外，谈论我们喜欢什么可以减轻任何剩余的内疚感，使我们更容易发现更多给我们带来快乐的东西。A.Inaddition此外；B.Onthecontrary相反；C.Allinall总而言之；D.Therefore因此。上文“Oneimportantvalueofaguiltypleasureisthebonditcancreatebetweenpeople.”是在讲有罪的快感给我们带来的好处，空后内容继续说明好处，二者是并列的关系。故选A。28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：能够公开地谈论我们的所爱不仅仅是一种消磨时间的方式。A.enthusiastically热情地；B.casually随意地；C.openly公开地；D.politely有礼貌地。根据“talkingaboutwhatweenjoycaneaseanyremainingguiltandmakesiteasiertodiscovermorethingsthatbringuspleasure.”可知，此处说明公开谈论我们的所爱带来的好处。故选C。29．考查动词短语辨析。句意：毕竟，如果你觉得你不能诚实地说出什么电视节目让你高兴，那么你还对自己和他人隐瞒了什么呢？A.drivingaway赶走；B.insistingon坚持；C.pushingforward推进；D.keepingfrom隐瞒。根据“ifyoudon’tfeellikeyoucanbehonestaboutwhatTVpleasesyou”可知，如果你觉得你不能诚实地说出什么电视节目让你高兴，那么你对自己和他人就会有所隐瞒。故选D。30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然内疚在某些情况下可以增加快乐，但它也会促使我们沉迷于我们在其他情况下感到内疚的行为。A.theories理论；B.behaviors行为；C.problems问题；D.relationships关系。根据“Still,it’sbesttofollowtheage-oldadviceourparentstaughtus:Everythinginmoderation.”可知，任何事情都要适度，因为罪恶的快感会促使我们沉迷于我们在其他情况下感到内疚的行为。故选B。（2023·上海·上海市建平中学校考三模）Foryears,psychologistshaveknownhowtomeasuretheintelligenceofindividuals,butonlyrecentlyhavetheybeguntoinvestigatetheissueofgroupintelligence.Thisnotionstemsfromtheobservationthatsomegroupsseemtowork31acrosstasks,eventasksthatarenotverysimilar.Earlyinvestigationssuggestthatgroupintelligenceisnotthe32oftheintelligenceoftheindividualsinit.Sowhatisthesecrettotheirsuccess?ResearchersatGooglehavetackledthisquestionandtheybelievetheyfinally33whatmakessometeamssuccessful.IntheGooglestudyresearcherscollectedthousandsofdatapointsonhundredsofgroupsandcombedthroughthemtryingtofind34.Arethemembersofeffectivegroupsfriendsoutsideofwork?Dogroupswhosemembershavesimilarpersonalitiesorbackgroundsworktogether35?Doesgendermakeadifference?Theyputforwardmanytheoriesbutfoundnopatternstosupportthem.Infact,whowasinthegroupapparentlydidnotseemtomakeadifference;36,thedifferencebetweenmoreandlesseffectivegroupsseemedtolieinthe37amongthemembers.Amongthefindings,themostsignificantisthat,ineffectivegroups,membersspokeforaroughlyequalamountoftime—notateverymeetingorinteraction,butacrossthecourseofa38.Asecondfindingwasthatmembersdisplayedempathy,anunderstandingofhowitmightfeeltowalkinsomeoneelse’sshoes.Therewereadditionalfindingsthatsupportthesegeneralones.39,ineffectivegroups,membersfaceoneanotherdirectlywhentheyspeak,andtheyuseenergeticandenthusiasticgestures.Theyalsocommunicate40withoneanother,notjustthroughtheleaderormanagerofthegroup.Infact,thestudyfoundthatsideconversationsbetweenindividualmembersduringmeetings,farfrombeinga41,actuallyincreasedthegroup’sproductivity.Allthefindings42theimportanceofhavingface-to-facemeetingsinsteadofphonecalls,teleconferences,oremailcommunications.Thepositivebehaviorsuncoveredinthestudyoccurprimarilyorexclusivelyinface-to-faceinteraction.Onemight43thatmostofthesefindingsareextremelyobvious,andneedlesstosay,goodmanagershaveprobablyalwaysunderstoodtheseprinciples.Oursocialandprofessionallives,however,arenotalwaysstructuredinwaysthatfacilitatethekindofinteractionthatapparently44effectivegroupperformance.Understandinggroup45canhelpbusinessesandotherorganizationsmakethefundamentalchangesnecessarytoimprovegroupperformance.31．A．poorly B．intensively C．fantastically D．dominantly32．A．quality B．sum C．role D．trace33．A．marvelat B．lookinto C．figureout D．delightin34．A．behaviors B．fulfillment C．diagnosis D．patterns35．A．best B．onaverage C．belowaverage D．worst36．A．furthermore B．instead C．consequently D．obviously37．A．persuasion B．imitation C．interaction D．moderation38．A．regulation B．project C．scale D．transition39．A．Forexample B．Onthecontrary C．Inotherwords D．Intheory40．A．roughly B．steadily C．neutrally D．directly41．A．distraction B．isolation C．supervision D．exhaustion42．A．overlook B．highlight C．dedicate D．categorize43．A．advocate B．argue C．command D．regret44．A．reverses B．stocks C．underlines D．captures45．A．perspective B．performance C．persistence D．intelligence【答案】31．C32．B33．C34．D35．A36．B37．C38．B39．A40．D41．A42．B43．B44．C45．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了心理学家对群体智力的研究与发现。31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个概念源于这样一种观察，即一些团队似乎可以难以置信地跨任务工作，甚至是不太相似的任务。A.poorly差地；B.intensively密集地；C.fantastically难以置信地；D.dominantly占主导地位地。根据下文“eventasksthatarenotverysimilar”及“Sowhatisthesecrettotheirsuccess?”可知，此处指一些团队似乎可以难以置信地跨任务工作。故选C。32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：早期的研究表明，群体智力并不是群体中个体智力的总和。A.quality质量；B.sum总和；C.role角色；D.trace痕迹。根据空后“theintelligenceoftheindividualsinit”可知，此处指群体中个体智力的总和。故选B。33．考查动词短语辨析。句意：谷歌的研究人员已经解决了这个问题，他们相信他们最终找到了一些团队成功的原因。A.marvelat惊叹；B.lookinto调查；C.figureout弄清楚；D.delightin喜欢。根据上文“Sowhatisthesecrettotheirsuccess?”及“ResearchersatGooglehavetackledthisquestion”可知，此处指谷歌的研究人员相信他们最终弄清楚了一些团队成功的原因。故选C。34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在谷歌的研究中，研究人员收集了数百个群体的数千个数据点，并对它们进行了梳理，试图找到模式。A.behaviors行为；B.fulfillment履行；C.diagnosis诊断；D.patterns模式。根据下文“Theyputforwardmanytheoriesbutfoundnopatternstosupportthem.”可知，此处指研究人员试图找到模式。故选D。35．考查副词词义辨析。句意：具有相似性格或背景的团队成员合作得最好吗？A.best最好地；B.onaverage平均；C.belowaverage低于平均水平；D.worst最差地。根据上文“groupswhosemembershavesimilarpersonalitiesorbackgrounds”及常识可知，此处指具有相似性格或背景的团队成员合作得会最好。故选A。36．考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，谁在小组里似乎并没有什么不同；相反，效率较高和较低的群体之间的差异似乎在于成员之间的互动。A.furthermore此外；B.instead相反；C.consequently因此；D.obviously显然。前后句意存在相反关系，应用转折副词instead。故选B。37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，谁在小组里似乎并没有什么不同；相反，效率较高和较低的群体之间的差异似乎在于成员之间的互动。A.persuasion说服；B.imitation模仿；C.interaction互动；D.moderation适度。根据下文“Amongthefindings,themostsignificantisthat,ineffectivegroups,membersspokeforaroughlyequalamountoftime—notateverymeetingorinteraction,butacrossthecourseofa8.”可知，此处指效率较高和较低的群体之间的差异似乎在于成员之间的互动。故选C。38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这些发现中，最重要的是，在有效的团队中，成员的发言时间大致相等——不是在每次会议或互动中，而是在整个项目过程中。A.regulation监管；B.project项目；C.scale规模；D.transition过渡。根据上文“notateverymeetingorinteraction,butacrossthecourse”可知，此处指整个项目过程。故选B。39．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，在有效的群体中，成员说话时直接面对彼此，他们使用充满活力和热情的手势。A.Forexample例如；B.Onthecontrary恰恰相反；C.Inotherwords换句话说；D.Intheory理论上。根据上文“Therewereadditionalfindingsthatsupportthesegeneralones.”及空后“ineffectivegroups,membersfaceoneanotherdirectlywhentheyspeak,andtheyuseenergeticandenthusiasticgestures.”可知，此处指在举例说明。故选A。40．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们也直接彼此沟通，而不仅仅是通过团队的领导或经理。A.roughly大致地；B.steadily稳定地；C.neutrally中性地；D.directly直接地。根据下文“notjustthroughtheleaderormanagerofthegroup.”可知，此处指团队成员直接彼此沟通。故选D。41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，研究发现，在会议期间，个别成员之间的谈话非但不会分散注意力，反而会提高团队的效率。A.distraction分心；B.isolation隔离；C.supervision监督；D.exhaustion精疲力竭。根据上文“sideconversationsbetweenindividualmembersduringmeetings”及常识可知，在会议期间，个别成员之间的谈话会被认为是分心的事情。故选A。42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有的研究结果都强调了面对面交流的重要性，而不是打电话、电话会议或电子邮件交流。A.overlook俯瞰；B.highlight强调；C.dedicate奉献；D.categorize分类。根据下文“Thepositivebehaviorsuncoveredinthestudyoccurprimarilyorexclusivelyinface-to-faceinteraction.”可知，此处指所有的研究结果都强调了面对面交流的重要性。故选B。43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有人可能会提出质疑，这些发现大多是非常明显的，不用说，优秀的管理者可能一直都明白这些原则。A.advocate辩护；B.argue提出质疑；C.command命令；D.regret后悔。根据下文“thatmostofthesefindingsareextremelyobvious,andneedlesstosay,goodmanagershaveprobablyalwaysunderstoodtheseprinciples.”可知，此处指有人可能会对研究发现提出质疑。故选B。44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们的社会和职业生活并不总是以促进那种明显强调有效群体表现的互动的方式构建的。A.reverses颠倒；B.stocks贮备；C.underlines强调；D.captures捕获。根据上文“Oursocialandprofessionallives,however,arenotalwaysstructuredinwaysthatfacilitatethekindofinteraction”及语境可知，此处指强调有效群体表现的互动的方式构建。故选C。45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：了解群体智力可以帮助企业和其他组织做出必要的根本性改变，以提高群体绩效。A.perspective视角；B.performance性能；C.persistence持久性；D.intelligence智力。根据语境可知，全文一直在讲述对群体智力的研究及发现。由此可知，此处指了解群体智力可以帮助企业和其他组织做出必要的根本性改变，以提高群体绩效。故选D。（2023·上海浦东新·统考三模）Partofmehasalwayswantedtobethekindofpersonwhobreakstheicewithastranger.WhenIwitnessthatkindgregariousness(合群)inothers,Ifeel46;Iassumetheirlackofreservemeanstheyleadmoreexcitinglives.Howmanytalesofadventurebeganbecausesomeonehadthe47tosayhello?TalkingtosomeoneIdon’tknow48low-levelfear,andIavoiditentirely.I’mnotalone.Ina2022study,GillianSandstrom,apsychologist,notedthatpeopleare“remarkably49”abouttalkingtostrangers,despiteresearchlinkingfrequentsocialinteractionswithhappiness.Wetendto50thepotentialfornegativeconsequencesinsuchencounters,andactivelyavoidthem.Asacountermeasure,shegaveparticipants“missions”thatinvolvedinitiatingconversationswithstrangerswhometcertain51(e.g.,“Findsomeonewho’swearingahat”).Theresultswere52Sandstromsassumption:theseinteractionswerefarmorepleasantthanpeopleexpectedthemtobe.Eagertotesthertheory,IgavemyselfaweektoreproduceSandstrom’sassignment,whichmeantspeakingtoaround30people.Ihadno53not10try:IliveinNewYorkCityandencounterhundredsofstrangers.Oneofmymissionswastospeaktosomeonewhowaseating.“Isthatcreamcheese?”Iaskedaguyonaparkbenchwhowaseatingstuff.It54alittlemoredisrespectfulthanIintended,butonceherealizedthatIwasn’tcrazy,wehada(n)55conversation.WhenIspoketoanattractivewomanoncrutches(拐杖)formytaskofengagingsomeonewho“lookssad,”Iwasworriedshe’dthinkofmeasapickupartist.56,shehumoredmewhenItoldheraboutmykneeissues.Here’satip:askingstrangersaboutthebonusesoftalkingtostrangerscanbeaneffectivestrategy.Iusedthis57withpeoplerequiredtointeractwiththepublicaspartoftheirjob.AmongthewaitersIspokewith,acommonresponsewasthatchattingwithcustomerswasoneofthemostenjoyableaspectsoftheirday,providingalittleburstof58.Acafeworkertoldmethathewasanexpertatguessingacustomer’sorderbasedontheirappearance—yogaclothes?blackcoffee—butfeltadistinctjoywheneverhegotitwrong.My59didn’ttransformmeintoafearlessextrovert(外向者).Butitwasausefulreminderthatwhenitcomestokeepinglifeinteresting,it60tomakeroomfortheoccasionalsurprise.46．A．sacred B．distressed C．disapproving D．envious47．A．nerve B．willpower C．sympathy D．vision48．A．masks B．eases C．inspires D．taps49．A．informed B．pessimistic C．expectant D．confused50．A．overstate B．demonstrate C．exploit D．suffer51．A．identification B．resistance C．profile D．scale52．A．atthemercyof B．incontrastto C．forthesakeof D．inlinewith53．A．excuse B．means C．authority D．regrets54．A．setabout B．cameout C．stoodby D．endedup55．A．delightful B．awkward C．one-sided D．initial56．A．Likewise B．Therefore C．Plus D．Instead57．A．bonus B．receipt C．approach D．patent58．A．unpredictability B．resolution C．discrimination D．inaccessibility59．A．persistence B．ritual C．experiment D．convention60．A．turnsout B．paysoff C．goeson D．fallsshort【答案】46．D47．A48．C49．B50．A51．C52．D53．A54．B55．A56．D57．C58．A59．C60．B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者通过自身经历介绍了与陌生人交谈的艺术。46．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我看到别人的这种合群时，我感到嫉妒。A.sacred神圣的；B.distressed痛苦的；C.disapproving不赞成的；D.envious嫉妒的。根据“Partofmehasalwayswantedtobethekindofpersonwhobreakstheicewithastranger.”可知，作者看到别人打破沉默会感到嫉妒。故选D。47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有多少冒险故事的开始是因为有人有勇气跟你打招呼?A.nerve神经；勇气；B.willpower意志力；C.sympathy同情；D.vision视觉。根据“Howmanytalesofadventurebegan”及前文可知，与陌生人打招呼需要勇气。故选A。48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：和不认识的人说话会引起轻微的恐惧，我完全避免。A.masks掩饰；B.eases减轻；C.inspires激发；D.taps轻拍。根据“andIavoiditentirely.”可知，和不认识的人说话会引起轻微的恐惧。故选C。49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在2022年的一项研究中，心理学家吉莉安·桑德斯特罗姆指出，尽管有研究将频繁的社交活动与幸福感联系起来，但人们对与陌生人交谈“非常悲观”。A.informed见多识广的；B.pessimistic悲观的；C.expectant期待的；D.confused困惑的。根据“despiteresearchlinkingfrequentsocialinteractionswithhappiness.”可知，人们对与陌生人交谈会“非常悲观”。故选B。50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这样的遭遇中，我们倾向于夸大潜在的负面后果，并积极避免它们。A.overstate夸张；B.demonstrate证明；C.exploit剥削；D.suffer遭受。根据“thepotentialfornegativeconsequencesinsuchencounters,”可知，与陌生人交谈我们往往夸大潜在的负面后果。故选A。51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为对策，她给参与者“任务”，包括发起与符合特定特征的陌生人的对话(例如，“找到戴着帽子的人”)。A.identification鉴定；B.resistance抵抗；C.profile简介；概况；D.scale规模。根据“e.g.,“Findsomeonewho’swearingahat””可知，桑德斯特罗姆让参与者发起与符合特定概况的的陌生人的对话。故选C。52．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：结果与桑德斯特罗姆的假设一致：这些互动比人们预期的要愉快得多。A.atthemercyof在……支配下；B.incontrastto和……对比；C.forthesakeof为了……的利益；D.inlinewith按照；与……一致。根据“theseinteractionswerefarmorepleasantthanpeopleexpectedthemtobe.”可知，参与特定任务的结果与桑德斯特罗姆的假设是一致的。故选D。53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我没有理由不去试一试：我住在纽约市，经常遇到成百上千的陌生人。A.excuse借口；理由；B.means方法；C.au