福建省福州市长乐第一中学2024-2025学年高二上学期第二次月英语试题（含答案）

2024—2025学年第一学期长乐一中阶段二考试高中二年英语科试卷考试日期：12月19日完卷时间：120分钟满分：150分第I卷（共95分）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节阅读（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AFourAmazingProductsNexStrideNexStrideisdesignedforseniorswhohaveconditionslikeParkinson’sdisease.Itisadevicethathelpsthosewithmobilitychallengeswalkbetter.Ituseslightandsoundsignalstostimulatethebrainandimprovethecoordination(协调)ofthebody.Itcanbeattachedtoanywalkingsticks,andithasadjustablesettingstosuitdifferentneeds.RyanRyanisanAI-enabledsociallyassistiverobotbyDreamFaceTechnologiesdesignedtoengageinpersonalizedconversations,improvingcognitive(认知的)functionandemotionalwell-beingforolderadults.Withspeechrecognitionandfacialexpressionrecognition,Ryanunderstandsandrespondslikeaclosefriend.ElliQElliQisasocialrobotthathelpsolderadultsliveindependentlyathome.Itusesacombinationofvoicesound,lightandmovementtocommunicatewiththem.Itcansuggestactivitiessuchaslisteningtomusic,playinggames,readingnewsorvideocallingwithfamilyandfriends.ElliQhasatabletthatallowsuserstoaccessvariousappsandservices,suchasemail,socialmediaoronlineshopping.NobiIfapersonfalls,Nobiasksthemtoconfirmitandthenmakesatrustedcontactthroughanapp.ThecontactcantalktothepersonthroughNobiandunlockthedoorremotelyifneeded.Nobialsohelpspreventfallsbyturningonautomaticallywhenanolderpersongetsupatnight,forinstance,togotothetoilet,taketheirpillsordrinksomewater.Sincemostfallsoccuratnight,Nobioffersapreventativesolution.21.WhatisamajorfeatureofNexStride?A.Itprovidesawaytowalkwithconfidence.B.ItprovestobeeffectiveincuringParkinson’s.C.Itenablespatientstomovelikenormalpeople.D.Itcanbeattachedtowalkingsticksorone’sbody.22.WhatdoRyanandElliQhaveincommon?A.Bothmayassisttheirusersinshopping. B.Bothcaninteractwiththeirusers.C.Bothareforyoungandoldalike. D.Bothareequippedwithatablet.23.WhowillshowaninterestinNobi?A.Thosewhohatetakingpills. B.Thosewhogetpoorsleep.C.Thosewhofeellonely. D.Thosewhofalleasily.BScientistsinChinaandSwedenhavedeterminedthatasmallamountofcapsaicin,thechemicalcompound(化合物)thatgiveschilipepperstheiruniquetaste,maybeacrucialcomponentformorestableandefficientperovskite(钙钛矿)solarcells.Perovskitesareafamilyofmineralswithcommonchemicalstructuresthatareusedtocreatesolarcells.Whileperovskitesemiconductors(半导体)representapromisingcomponentforthemostadvancedsolarcelltechnologies,theyaretroubledbynonradiative,anundesirableelectron-levelprocessthatreducesefficiencyandincreasesheatlosses.Researcherssoughtoutanatural,forest-based,inexpensiveadditivetoovercomethislimitationandenhancesolarcellperformance.“Consideringtheelectric,chemicalandstablepropertiesofcapsaicin,wefoundthatitwouldbeapromisingadditive,”saysBaoQinye,seniorauthorofthestudyfromEastChinaNormalUniversity.Totestcapsaicin’scapabilities,Baoandhisteammatesaddedasmallamountofthecompoundintothesolarcells.Next,theresearchersperformedaseriesoftechniquestodeterminehowthecapsaicinadditiveaffectedthesolarcellproperties.Theyfoundthatwhiledeviceswithoutcapsaicinshowedapowertranstormationefficiencyofonly19.1%,devicescontainingcapsaicinhadanefficiencyof21.88%,nearlyashighastherecord21.93%efficiencyofsingie-crystalMAPbldevices,whichareatypeofperovskitesolarcell.Theenhancedsolarcellsalsoshowedimprovedstability,maintainingmorethan90%oftheirmitialefficiencyafter800hoursofbeingexposedtotheair.Capsaicinenabledtheseimprovementsbytransformingtheperoyskitematerial’ssurfaceenergetics,creatinganinterfacebetweenp-typesemiconductorlayers,whichcontainmoreelectron-deficient“holes”thanelectrons,andn-typesemiconductorlayers,whichcontainmoreelectronsthan“holes”.Thisinterfacepromoteschargetransportandreducesthelossofefficiencyobservedintraditionalperovskitesemiconductors.Whilecapsaicinmayprovidealow-cost,widelyavailableadditiveforthefuturedevelopmentofhighlyefficientperovskitesolarcells,Baoandhisteammatesnotethatfurtherresearchisrequiredtoinvestigatethecompound’seffectonharmless,lead-free(无铅的)perovskitessuchasinorganicperovskiteanddoubleperovskitebeforeitwillbereadyforcommercialapplications.24.Whatisslowingtheprogressofperovskitesemiconductors?A.Toomuchunnecessaryheat. B.Risingpricesofperovskites.CNonradiativerecombination. D.Thecomplexproductionline.25.WhatdothefiguresinParagraph3reveal?A.Capsaicinimprovesperovskitesolarcellperrormance.B.Additiveshavelittleinfluenceonsolarcellproperties.C.Solarcellsoftenrequireahighpercentageofcapsaicin.D.Traditionalperovskitesolarcellspossessmoreadvantages.26.Whatisamajordifferencebetweenthep-typeandn-typesemiconductorlayers?A.Thesourceofadditives. B.Thenumberofelectrons.C.Thefunctionofinterfaces. D.Thesizeofsemiconductors.27.WhatmighttheresearchersdonextaccordingtoBao?A.Examineifleadcanbeusedasalow-costadditive.B.Putperovskitesolarcellswithcapsaicinonthemarket.C.Develophighlyefficientsolarcellswithoutanyadditive.D.Observehowcapsaicinaffectseco-friendlyperovskites.CAstart-uphasbegunplantingfungi(真菌)collectedfromhealthyforestsatatreeplantationintheUSstateofGeorgia.Theeffortto“rebuild”thesoilmicrobiome(微生物组)mayhelpgrowtreesthatstoremorecarbon.Fungiandothermicrobesinsoilareimportantfactorsfortreegrowthandhealth.Theyhelprootsaccessnutrientsinexchangeforcarbohydratesproducedbythetrees.ColinAverill,founderofFunga,thecompanybehindtheGeorgiaproject,isusingsoilfromhealthyforeststointroduceittonewlyplantedtreestomakethemgrowbiggerandfaster.Theplantingisstraightforward:abitofsoilfromanareaofhealthyforestisaddedtoaholewhereayoungtreeisplanted.Identifyingpreciselywhichsoiltodigismorecomplicated.Overthepastyears,FungaresearchersanalyzedtreegrowthratesandstudiedtheDNAofsoilmicrobesin500pineforeststoidentifywhichcompositionofmicrobesisassociatedwiththemostgrowth.TheythencollectedthesecandidatemicrobesfromthetestsiteandintroducedthemtonewtreesinLexington,Georgia.Theyalsoplantedtreeswithouttheaddedsoiltoestablishabaselineagainstwhichtocompareanyadditionalcarbonstoredbythetreatedtrees.Resultswon’tbeavailableuntiltheendofthisyear,butsimilarmethodsincreasedforestproductivitybetween30and70percentataresearchplotinWales.Averillandhisco-workersalsoanalyzed81experimentsthatexaminedhowintroducingwildmicrobiomestosoilaffectedvarioustypesofplantsindifferentecosystems.Theyfoundarangeofeffects,fromasmallreductionofbiomasstoamorethan700percentincrease.Onaverage,plantbiomassincreased64percent.“It’sgoingtodosomething,”saysJenniferBhatnagaratBostonUniversity,thoughshesayshowmuchdependsonalotoffactors.“Sourcingthesoilposesanotherchallenge,”saysCindyPrescottattheUniversityofBritishColumbiainCanada.“Manyspeciesoffungican’tbecultured,andatlargerlevels,soilremovalcoulddegradethecollectionsites.”28.Howdofungiinfluencetreegrowth?A.Bystoringcarbonwithinthetrees. B.Bysupplyingcarbohydrates.C.Byfacilitatingtrees’nutrientabsorption. D.Bygatheringnutrientsinthesoil.29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthesoilidentification?A.Itsimplifiedthetreeplantingprocess.B.Itidentifiedtheperfectfungiforoldertreegrowth.C.ItreducedtheneedforstudyingtheDNAofthesoil.D.Ithelpedchoosethebestmicrobesforthetreeplantation.30.Whyisabaselineneeded?A.Toincreaseforestproductivity. B.Toassesstheimpactofaddedsoil.C.Toanalyzetheactivityinwildmicrobiomes. D.Todeterminetheoverallhealthoftheplantedtrees.31.WhatisCindyPrescott’sattitudetowardtransplantingfungi?A.Favorable. B.Unclear. C.Doubtful. D.Objective.DIfithadbeenuptoPeterHiggs,theworldwouldhavenevernoticedhisdeathonApril8th-nor,forthatmatter,the94yearsoflifebeforeit.Hevaluedtherespectofhiscoworkersandtreasuredhisoccasional“brightideas”aboutthewaytheuniverseworked.Thefactthatoneofthoseideasendedupboileddownintoanobjectbearinghisnamewasasourceofsomeannoyance.Dr.Higgs’sbest-knownideawascrucialbutitwasunderstoodbyonlyafewpeople.Therearetwotypesoffundamentalparticles(粒子)fermionsandbosons.Thesymmetrical(对称的)natureoftheequationswhichdescribebosonsimpliesthattheyshouldbemassless.Bythe1950s,though,itseemedthatsomebosonsdidhavemass;somefundamentalsymmetrieswereinpractice“broken”.Resolvingthemathsofbrokensymmetriesbecamethefocusofparticlephysicists.Dr.Higgs’scontribution,madeoverafewweeksinthesummerof1964,wasamathematicaldescriptionofanewbosonthatcouldgivemasstobosonsinneedofit.In1983,adaringupgradetoaparticleaccelerator(加速器)atCERN,theEuropeanphysicslabnearGeneva,produceddirectevidenceofthreemassivebosons-twoWsandaZ.Upsetoverthis,someAmericanphysiciststoldthegovernmentwhichfundedthemthatAmericawaslosinganimportantrace.TheproposedcomebackwastheSuperconductingSuperCollider(SSC),aparticleacceleratorofextraordinarypower.TheHiggsbosonwasakeypartoftheproposal.Theparticle’sexistencewaspredictedbut,ashadbeenthecasewiththeWsandZ,itsdiscoverywasimpossiblewithoutapowerfulenoughmachine.TheSSCwouldbethatmachine.In1993AmericacancelledtheSSCbutCERN’sLargeHadronCollider(LHC)carriedon.TheLHCdeliveredthegoodsin2012,andtheNobelPrizecommitteefollowedsuitthenextyear.Dr.Higgssmiledsometimesandboretheattention.However,whatscientistsactuallywantfrombigsciencerarelyboilsdowntoasinglething;theywantthemeanswithwhichtoexplorewidely.AsDr.Higgsalwaysknew,whatreallymattersistheprocess,nottheprize.32.WhatcanwesayaboutDr.Higgsaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Hepreferredaquietlife.B.Hisdeathwaslittleknowntoothers.C.Hemademanydiscoveriesbearinghisname.D.Hisunderstandingoftheuniversewasconfusing.33.WhatbreakthroughdidDr.Higgsachieve?A.Heprovedwhyfermionsaremassless. B.Hedifferentiatedtwocategoriesofparticles.C.Heexplainedhowsomebosonsgainedmass. D.Hebrokethefundamentalsymmetries.34.WhywastheSSCproposed?A.TotrackdowntheHiggsboson.B.Tosearchforfermionsandbosons.C.ToprovetheexistenceoftwoWsandaZ.D.Tohelppredictthepossibleadaptationsofbosons.35.WhatdidDr.HiggsthinkofwinningtheNobelPrize?A.Difficult. B.Insignificant. C.Satisfying. D.Far-reaching.第二节阅读七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项有两项为多余选项。PathwaystoScientificBreakthroughsTheGenesisofNovelIdeasScientificdiscoveriesoftensproutfromthemostunexpectedseeds.Asparkofcuriositycansetoffachainreaction.____36____.WhenArchimedesnoticedwaterspillingoverashegotintothebaththatsimpleobservationledtohisfamous“Eureka!”momentaboutdisplacement.Sucheverydayencounters,whenobservedwithascientificeye,canbirthrevolutionaryconcepts.Collaboration:AWinningFormulaInthecomplexwebofmodernscience,collaborationhasbecomenon-negotiable.____37____.Researchersfromdiversefields,likebiologistsandcomputerscientistsworkingonbioinformaticsprojects,pooltheirexpertise.Thebiologistsbringknowledgeoflivingorganisms,whilecomputerscientistsofferadvanceddataanalysistools.Together,theycrackproblemsthatwouldstumpanindividualresearcher.WeatheringtheStormofSetbacksThejourneytoascientificdiscoveryisriddledwithobstacles.Experimentsfail,hypothesescrumble.____38____.Butit’spreciselythesesetbacksthatseparatethegreatsfromtherest.Einsteinfacednumerousrejectionsbeforehistheoriesgainedacceptance.Insteadofquitting,herefinedhiswork,usingfailuresassteppingstonestosuccess.____39____Stayinginformedaboutthelatestscientifictrendsisasvitalasthediscoveryprocessitself.Newresearchpapers,emergingtechnologies,andglobalconferencesaretreasuretrovesofknowledge.Scientistswhokeeptheirearstothegroundcanborrowideas,adaptmethods,andsometimesstumbleuponthemissingpieceoftheirresearchpuzzle.TheRoadAheadTowrapitup,achievingremarkablescientificfeatsrequiresablendofqualities.____40____.Nurturingtheseinbuddingscientistswillensureafuturefilledwithevenmoreawe-inspiringdiscoveries.A.So,whatqualitiesshouldfuturescientistsfocuson?B.Theybounceideasoffeachother,forgingnewsolutions.C.Howcanscientistsmakethebestuseofcollaborations?D.KeepingAbreastofScientificAdvancementsE.It’sthesechanceobservationsthatleadtobreakthroughs.FWhatdrivesscientiststoperseverethroughfailures?G.Buttheydon’tletthesesetbacksderailthem.第三部分语言运用（满分15分）完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）Earlyinthemorning,whileit’sstilldarkoutside,Irisefrombed,anticipatingthedayahead.Ileavemyroomandgodownstairstothe____41____roomoftheassistedlivingfacility.ThereIhave____42____aquietplaceinwhichtowrite.Ilovetowriteand,inthoseearlymorninghoursbeforedawn,Ican____43____.Icallthesecoupleofhoursintheveryearlypartofmyday“MyQuietHours.”Icanthinkclearlywhenit’sjustmeandthe____44____ofasoon-to-be-noisydiningroom.Whenbreakfastisoverandthedayhasofficially____45____,Imustsneak(偷偷地做)momentsfor____46____intomyday.Whiletheother____47____gototheActivitiesRoomto____48____themselves—makingbirthdaycardsorplayingcardgames,Iquietlyclosethedoortomyroomandremain____49____andwrite.ThesequietmomentsI_____50_____formyselftakeupmostofmyday,andIlikeitthatway.Oneofthe_____51_____oflivinginanassistedlivingfacilityisthat,afteralltheseyears,IcanspendmoretimedoingwhatIlovetodo.Gonearethe_____52_____daysthatdidn’tofferanysparetimeformetoconstructa_____53_____,letaloneasentence.Allofusneed_____54_____timetoexamineourlivesopenlyandhonestly—spendingquiettimealonegivesmyminda(n)_____55_____torenewitself.41.A.meeting B.dining C.living D.dressing42.A.found B.ruined C.sensed D.shown43.A.stay B.eat C.sleep D.think44.A.darkness B.loneliness C.silence D.distance45.A.begun B.passed C.returned D.broken46.A.teaching B.writing C.cleaning D.playing47.A.employees B.residents C.neighbors D.relatives48.A.introduce B.behave C.entertain D.convince49.A.ataloss B.outofsight C.undertheweather D.intheway50.A.comeacross B.laydown C.putaway D.setaside51.A.beauties B.challenges C.means D.moments52.A.joyful B.lazy C.busy D.peaceful53.A.chapter B.plot C.phrase D.mode54.A.limited B.equal C.familiar D.quiet55.A.opportunity B.identity C.diversity D.responsibility第II卷（共55分）第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。OrganicAgriculture:ASustainableApproachtoFarmingInrecentdecades,organicagriculture____56____(transform)thewaywegrowfood,emergingasavitalalternative____57____conventionalfarmingquietly.Unlikeconventionalfarmingthatleansheavilyonsynthetic(合成)pesticides,fertilizers,and____58____(genetic)modifiedorganisms(GMOs),organicfarmingtakesanaturalapproach.Organicfarmersusecompostandmanuretoboostsoilfertility.Thesenaturalfertilizersworkwonders,enhancingsoilstructure,allowingittoholdwaterbetterandsupplynutrientsstably,____59____iscrucialforlong-termproductivity.Croprotationisalsocrucial;changingcropsseasonallypreventspestanddiseaseoutbreaksandbalancesnutrient____60____(consume).Forpestcontrol,insteadofchemicalsprays,farmersintroduce____61____(benefit)insectsorsetupphysicalbarriers.Thebenefitsarefar-reaching.Environmentally,itlessenschemicalrunoffintoriversandlakes,safeguardingaquaticecosystems.Italsocutsdowngreenhousegasemissions____62____(associate)withproducingsyntheticfertilizers.Forconsumers,organicproduceisfree____63____harmfulresidues(残留)andmayhavemorenutrientsandbettertaste.Nevertheless,organicfarmingisn’twithoutchallenges.Yieldsmightbelowerinitially____64____(compare)toconventionalmethods,andhigherproductioncostscanmakeorganicproductspricier.Butasconsumerdemandforsafe,healthyfoodsurges,moreresearchandtechnologicaladvancementsareunderway.Organicagricultureholdsthepromiseoffeedingfuturegenerationswhileprotectingourplanet.It’satestament(证据)totheidea_____65_____workingwithnature,notagainstit,canrevolutionizefoodproductionforthebetter.第二节课文单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）用所提供的单词首字母或汉语提示，以单词的正确形式填空。66.Solarpanelscang________electricityandheatwateratthesametime,whichisquiteenergy-efficient.(根据首字母单词拼写)67.Usingthisnewsoftwaretoprocessdatawillsaveusa________(大量)amountoftimeandmoney,asitautomatesmanycomplextasksthatpreviouslyhoursofmanualwork.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)68.Theauthor,________(相信)ofthepowerofwords,spentyearswritinganovelthatwouldinspiregenerations.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)69.Detectivesarecloselywatchingthemovementsofthoses________,waitingfortherightmomenttomakeamoveandgathermoreevidence.(根据首字母单词拼写)70.Accordingtothelatest________(数据),theunemploymentrateinthiscityhasdroppedby3%comparedtolastyear,whichisapromisingsignforthelocaleconomy.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)71.Many________(名人)usetheirinfluenceonsocialmediatoraiseawarenessaboutsocialissues,likepovertyandenvironmentalprotection.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)72.Shewalkeds________towardsthestage,showingnosignofnervousness.(根据首字母单词拼写)73.Shefeltextremelyf________whensherealizedshehadmadethesamemistakeagaindespitehereffortstoavoidit.(根据首字母单词拼写)74.TheUnitedNationscalledforinternationali________toendtheviolentconflictinthewar-tornregion.(根据首字母单词拼写)75.Heatcausesthee________ofgases,soweneedtotakethisfactorintoaccountwhenconductingrelevantexperiments.(根据首字母单词拼写)第三节完成句子（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）选择方框里所提供的短语的恰当形式填空（其中有两个短语是多余的）。comedownwith,benowherenear,becharacteristicof,suspect…of…,onceandforall,giventhat,haveagreatimpacton,becontradictoryto,betoblame,becomprisedof,deepdown,thanksto76.Theman________stealingthevaluablepaintingwascaughtonsurveillancecamerasneartheartgalleryseveraltimesbeforethetheft.77.Hisactions________hiswords;heclaimstovaluehealth,yethesmokesandeatsjunkfoodregularly.78.Themanagerconfirmedthatthepoorqualityoftheproduct________forthecompany’srecentdeclineinsalesandnumerouscustomercomplaints.79.Thepreviouscommittee________expertsfromvariousfields,ensuringacomprehensiveunderstandingandapproachtotheissuesathand.80.Thelittleboypretendednottocareaboutthelostgame,but________hewasreallydisappointedanddepressed.81.________thedoctor’stimelytreatment,thepatient’sconditionhasstabilizedandisgraduallyimproving.82.Thestrongsenseofrhythm________Africanmusic,whichmakespeoplecan’thelpdancingalong.83.Theathlete,whohadbeentrainingintensivelyinvariousclimates,________asuddenfeverthataffectedhisperformance.84.________shehasnoexperienceinthisfield,she’sdoingquitewell.85.Thecomplexityofthehumanbrain,withitsbillionsofneuronsinteractinginmysteriousways,________beingfullyunderstoodbymodernscience.第四节书面表达（满分20分）86.假如你是李华，你们学校将组织一次农业研学活动（agriculturalstudytour），前往当地的有机农场，体验农事劳作，了解现代农业技术。你校外籍教师Wesley对此次活动很感兴趣，因此你想邀请他一同参加。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.活动时间、地点；2.活动安排；3.活动意义；4.期待对方回复。注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。DearWesley,I’mLiHua._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________SincerelyYours,LiHua2024—2025学年第一学期长乐一中阶段二考试高中二年英语科试卷答案版考试日期：12月19日完卷时间：120分钟满分：150分第I卷（共95分）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节阅读（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AFourAmazingProductsNexStrideNexStrideisdesignedforseniorswhohaveconditionslikeParkinson’sdisease.Itisadevicethathelpsthosewithmobilitychallengeswalkbetter.Ituseslightandsoundsignalstostimulatethebrainandimprovethecoordination(协调)ofthebody.Itcanbeattachedtoanywalkingsticks,andithasadjustablesettingstosuitdifferentneeds.RyanRyanisanAI-enabledsociallyassistiverobotbyDreamFaceTechnologiesdesignedtoengageinpersonalizedconversations,improvingcognitive(认知的)functionandemotionalwell-beingforolderadults.Withspeechrecognitionandfacialexpressionrecognition,Ryanunderstandsandrespondslikeaclosefriend.ElliQElliQisasocialrobotthathelpsolderadultsliveindependentlyathome.Itusesacombinationofvoice,sound,lightandmovementtocommunicatewiththem.Itcansuggestactivitiessuchaslisteningtomusic,playinggames,readingnewsorvideocallingwithfamilyandfriends.ElliQhasatabletthatallowsuserstoaccessvariousappsandservices,suchasemail,socialmediaoronlineshopping.NobiIfapersonfalls,Nobiasksthemtoconfirmitandthenmakesatrustedcontactthroughanapp.ThecontactcantalktothepersonthroughNobiandunlockthedoorremotelyifneeded.Nobialsohelpspreventfallsbyturningonautomaticallywhenanolderpersongetsupatnight,forinstance,togotothetoilet,taketheirpillsordrinksomewater.Sincemostfallsoccuratnight,Nobioffersapreventativesolution.21.WhatisamajorfeatureofNexStride?A.Itprovidesawaytowalkwithconfidence.B.ItprovestobeeffectiveincuringParkinson’s.C.Itenablespatientstomovelikenormalpeople.D.Itcanbeattachedtowalkingsticksorone’sbody.22.WhatdoRyanandElliQhaveincommon?A.Bothmayassisttheirusersinshopping. B.Bothcaninteractwiththeirusers.C.Bothareforyoungandoldalike. D.Bothareequippedwithatablet.23.WhowillshowaninterestinNobi?A.Thosewhohatetakingpills. B.Thosewhogetpoorsleep.C.Thosewhofeellonely. D.Thosewhofalleasily.【答案】21.A22.B23.DBScientistsinChinaandSwedenhavedeterminedthatasmallamountofcapsaicin,thechemicalcompound(化合物)thatgiveschilipepperstheiruniquetaste,maybeacrucialcomponentformorestableandefficientperovskite(钙钛矿)solarcells.Perovskitesareafamilyofmineralswithcommonchemicalstructuresthatareusedtocreatesolarcells.Whileperovskitesemiconductors(半导体)representapromisingcomponentforthemostadvancedsolarcelltechnologies,theyaretroubledbynonradiative,anundesirableelectron-levelprocessthatreducesefficiencyandincreasesheatlosses.Researcherssoughtoutanatural,forest-based,inexpensiveadditivetoovercomethislimitationandenhancesolarcellperformance.“Consideringtheelectric,chemicalandstablepropertiesofcapsaicin,wefoundthatitwouldbeapromisingadditive,”saysBaoQinye,seniorauthorofthestudyfromEastChinaNormalUniversity.Totestcapsaicin’scapabilities,Baoandhisteammatesaddedasmallamountofthecompoundintothesolarcells.Next,theresearchersperformedaseriesoftechniquestodeterminehowthecapsaicinadditiveaffectedthesolarcellproperties.Theyfoundthatwhiledeviceswithoutcapsaicinshowedapowertranstormationefficiencyofonly19.1%,devicescontainingcapsaicinhadanefficiencyof21.88%,nearlyashighastherecord21.93%efficiencyofsingie-crystalMAPbldevices,whichareatypeofperovskitesolarcell.Theenhancedsolarcellsalsoshowedimprovedstability,maintainingmorethan90%oftheirmitialefficiencyafter800hoursofbeingexposedtotheair.Capsaicinenabledtheseimprovementsbytransformingtheperoyskitematerial’ssurfaceenergetics,creatinganinterfacebetweenp-typesemiconductorlayers,whichcontainmoreelectron-deficient“holes”thanelectrons,andn-typesemiconductorlayers,whichcontainmoreelectronsthan“holes”.Thisinterfacepromoteschargetransportandreducesthelossofefficiencyobservedintraditionalperovskitesemiconductors.Whilecapsaicinmayprovidealow-cost,widelyavailableadditiveforthefuturedevelopmentofhighlyefficientperovskitesolarcells,Baoandhisteammatesnotethatfurtherresearchisrequiredtoinvestigatethecompound’seffectonharmless,lead-free(无铅的)perovskitessuchasinorganicperovskiteanddoubleperovskitebeforeitwillbereadyforcommercialapplications.24.Whatisslowingtheprogressofperovskitesemiconductors?A.Toomuchunnecessaryheat. B.Risingpricesofperovskites.C.Nonradiativerecombination. D.Thecomplexproductionline.25.WhatdothefiguresinParagraph3reveal?A.Capsaicinimprovesperovskitesolarcellperrormance.B.Additiveshavelittleinfluenceonsolarcellproperties.C.Solarcellsoftenrequireahighpercentageofcapsaicin.D.Traditionalperovskitesolarcellspossessmoreadvantages.26.Whatisamajordifferencebetweenthep-typeandn-typesemiconductorlayers?A.Thesourceofadditives. B.Thenumberofelectrons.C.Thefunctionofinterfaces. D.Thesizeofsemiconductors.27.WhatmighttheresearchersdonextaccordingtoBao?A.Examineifleadcanbeusedasalow-costadditive.B.Putperovskitesolarcellswithcapsaicinonthemarket.C.Develophighlyefficientsolarcellswithoutanyadditive.D.Observehowcapsaicinaffectseco-friendlyperovskites.【答案】24.C25.A26.B27.DCAstart-uphasbegunplantingfungi(真菌)collectedfromhealthyforestsa