英语国家概况教案Lesson-4范文

南京交通职业技术学院教案教师姓名尹亮宇授课班级/2015/2032授课形式讲授授课日期年月日第周授课时数80minutes授课章节名称UnitTwoHistoryABriefHistoryoftheUSA教学目的AcquiresageneralideaaboutthehistoryoftheUSA.LearnaboutthemajorstagesandimportantfiguresinAmericanhistory.FindouttheinfluenceofAmericanhistoryonotherEnglish-speakingcountries.教学重点TheWarofIndependence（美国独立战争）TerritorialExpansion（领土扩张）TheCivilWar（南北战争）RapidGrowthofEconomy（经济的飞速增长）教学难点EnglishColonialAmerica(1067-1776)

FormingoftheUSA(1776-1849)

TheCivilWar(1861-1865)

更新、补充、删节内容补充：Casestudy删除：补充阅读使用教具多媒体教室课外作业1.Memorizethewordsandphrases.2.P.54I.3.SupplementaryReading.课后体会授课主要内容I．Revision:(10’)1.RevisethecontentofLesson3.2.Oralhomework：What’syourimpressionoftheUSA?(可以适当的用中文)II.NewLesson:(60’)PartPartII.TextPre-ColonialAmerica：ChristopherColumbuswasthefirstEuropeantosetfootonwhatwouldonedaybecomeU.S.territorywhenhecametoPuertoRicoin1492.HethoughthehadreachedIndia,sohenamedthelocalpeopleIndians,notknowingthathehaddiscoveredaNewContinent.AmerigoVespucci,anothernavigatorprovedthatthelandwasnotIndia,thereforethelandwasnamedAmericaafterhim.（详细）EnglishColonialAmerica(1067-1776)：By1750,nealry2millionpeoplewerelivinginthesecolonies,manyofwhomwerePuritanswholefttheirowncountriesinserachofreligiousfreedomThemosttypicalexamplewasthevoyageoftheMayflowership,whichcarriedthePilgrimsacrosstheAtlanticOceanandarrivedatPlymouthin1620,builtthePlymouthcolony.（详细）FormingoftheUSA(1776-1849)TheWarofIndependence（概述）Territorialexpansion（概述）TheCivilWar(1861–1865)（概述）RapidGrowthofEconomy(1865–1918)（概述）Post-WorldWarIandGreatDepression(1918–1940)（略详）WorldWarII(1939-1945)（概述）III.Consolidation:(9’)（回顾本课所学内容，讨论并拓宽思维）Discussthefollowingquestionsingroupsandmakeanoralreporttotheclass.HowwastheUnitedStatesofAmericafounded?

HowdidtheUSAbecometherichestcountryintheworld?WhatarethereasonsofthefalloftheUKandtheriseoftheUSA?CaseStudyTheSpecialRelationshipBetweentheUKandtheUSAMilitarycooperation

---Theunparalleledlevelofmilitaryco-operationbeganwiththecreationoftheCombinedChiefsofStaffinDecember1941,amilitarycommandwithauthorityoverallAmericanandBritishoperations.Thiscooperationhasincreasedsteadilysincetheearly1950swhenmilitarycontactswerere-established.IV.Homework:(1’)SupplementaryReading.4.P.59I说明：教师备课笔记由学校自订式样并附后Unit2HistoryLesson4ABriefHistoryoftheUI．Revision:Oralhomework：What’syourimpressionoftheUSA?(可以适当的用中文)参考资料MountMountRushmoreNationalMemorial,nearKeystone,SouthDakota,isamonumentalgranitesculpturebyGutzonBorglum,with60-foot(18

m)sculpturesoftheheadsofformerUnitedStatespresidents(lefttoright):GeorgeWashington(1732–1799),ThomasJefferson(1743–1826),TheodoreRoosevelt(1858–1919),andAbrahamLincoln(1809–1865).AbrahamLincolnThe16thPresidentoftheUnitedStates,whoguidedhiscountrythroughthemostdevastatingexperienceinitsnationalhistory---theCivilWar.USCoatofArmsTheGreatSealoftheUnitedStatesisusedtoauthenticatecertaindocumentsissuedbytheUnitedStatesfederalgovernment.TheGreatSealwasfirstusedpubliclyin1782.ThedesignontheobverseofthegreatsealisthenationalcoatofarmsoftheUnitedStates.ItisofficiallyusedondocumentssuchasUnitedStatespassports,militaryinsignia,embassyplacards,andvariousflags.FranklinRooseveltFranklinDelanoRoosevelt(January30,1882–April12,1945),oftenreferredtobyhisinitialsFDR,wasthethirty-secondPresidentoftheUnitedStates.Electedtofourtermsinoffice,heservedfrom1933to1945andistheonlyU.S.presidenttohaveservedmorethantwoterms.Hewasacentralfigureofthe20thcenturyduringatimeofworldwideeconomiccrisisandworldwar,andhasbeenrankedasoneofthethreegreatestUSpresidentsinscholarlysurveys.II.NewLesson:PartI.PartII.TextPre-reading:GiveabriefintroductionofthehistoricperiodsoftheUSAHistoricPeriodsTimeMajorIncidentsEnglishColonialAmerica1493—1776thevoyageoftheMayflowerShiptheimmigrationofthePuritansFormingoftheUSA1776—1849BostonTeaPartyWarofIndependenceCivilWar1861—1865IssueofEmancipationProclamationliberationofblackslavesRapidGrowthofEconomy1865—1940WorldWarI;theGreatDepressionWorldWarII1939—1945TheattackonPearlHarborTheset-upoftheUnitedNations(1).Pre-ColonialAmerica1.WhofirstcametoAmericaandhowdidtheycomethere?(PeoplemigratedfromAsiaviaBeringLandBridgesome2000yearsago.TheyarecalledNativeAmericans.)2.WhowasthefirstEuropeantosetfootonthenewworld?WhydidhenamethelocalpeopleIndians?(ChristopherColumbuscametoPuertoRicoin1492andnamedthelocalpeopleIndians)3.WhoprovedthatthelandwasnotIndia?(AmerigoVespucciprovedthatthelandwasnotIndia,thereforethelandwasnamedAmericaafterhim.)Thepresent-dayUnitedStateswasoriginallypopulatedbypeoplemigratingfromAsiaviatheBeringlandbridge（白令海峡大陆桥）startingsome20,000yearsago.ThesepeoplebecametheindigenouspeoplewhoinhabitedtheAmericasbeforethearrivalofEuropeanexplorersandwhoarenowcalledNativeAmericans.ChristopherColumbuswasthefirstEuropeantosetfootonwhatwouldonedaybecomeU.S.territorywhenhecametoPuertoRicoin1492.HethoughthehadreachedIndia,sohenamedthelocalpeopleIndians,notknowingthathehaddiscoveredaNewContinent.AmerigoVespucci（亚美瑞格.韦斯普奇）,anothernavigator（航海家）provedthatthelandwasnotIndia,thereforethelandwasnamedAmericaafterhim.(2).EnglishColonialAmerica(1067-1776)1.Wherewasthefirstcolonyfounded?2.HowmanycoloniesdidtheBritishestablishalongtheeastcoastofNorthAmerica?3.Whydidpuritansleavetheirowncountries?4.HowdidtheyestablishthePlymouthcolony?ThefirstEnglishcolonyintheAmericaswasfoundedatJamestown(詹姆士镇),Virginiain1607.Between1607and1733theBritishestablished13coloniesalongtheeastcoastofNorthAmerica.By1750,nearly2millionpeoplewerelivinginthesecolonies,manyofwhomwerePuritanswholefttheirowncountriesinsearchofreligiousfreedomThemosttypicalexamplewasthevoyageoftheMayflowership,whichcarriedthePilgrimsacrosstheAtlanticOceanandarrivedatPlymouth(普利茅斯)in1620,builtthePlymouthcolony.From1630to1643,thegreatPuritanmigrationbroughtabout20,000EnglishmentotheMassachusettsBaycolony.北美洲原为印第安人聚居地。15世纪末，西班牙、荷兰、法国、英国等国开始向北美洲移民。1606年英国在北美建起第一个城市——詹姆斯，后发展为弗吉尼亚殖民地。17世纪和18世纪上半叶，英国殖民者先后在东起大西洋沿岸，西至阿巴拉契亚山脉之间建立了13个殖民地，残暴屠杀当地印第安人，并从非洲掠来大批黑人充当奴隶。(3).FormingoftheUSA(1776-1849)(TheWarofIndependence)1.WhatisthepreludeoftheWarofIndependenceandhowdidithappen?2.Whatistheprocessofthewar?In1774,theFirstContinentalCongresswasheldinPhiladelphiaandColonialmilitiaunitswereorganized.TheshotatLexingtononApril19,1775startedtheWarofIndependenceAContinentalArmyandNavyunderthecommandofGeorgeWashingtonwerefounded.ThomasJeffersondraftedtheDeclarationofIndependence.In1783,theBritisharmywasdefeatedandtheBritishgovernmentrecognizedtheIndependenceoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.3.WhatisthemaincharacteristicoftheconstitutionoftheUSA?4.HowdidtheUSArealizeitsterritorialexpansion?Theprelude---Withtherapideconomicdevelopment,peopleofthe13coloniesdesiredmorepowertodeterminetheirownbusiness,whiletheBritishgovernmentwantedtobringthedevelopmentundercontrolandtocollectmoretaxesfromthecolonies.---InordertohelptheBritishEastIndiaCompanyoutofdifficulty,theBritishgovernmentallowedthecompanytosellteaatalowerpriceinthecoloniesthroughitsownpeople.---ThistookawaytheteabusinessfromAmericanteamerchants.ThisunfairtreatmentledtothefamousBostonTeaParty（波士顿倾茶事件）in1773whichwasconsideredasthepreludeoftheWarofIndependence.TheWarofIndependence---InSeptember1774,theFirstContinentalCongress（第一届大陆会议）washeldinPhiladelphia,whichencouragedAmericanstorefusetobuyBritishgoods.Colonialmilitiaunits（民兵部队）wereorganized.---TheshotatLexingtononApril19,1775startedtheWarofIndependence.Threeweekslater,attheSecondContinentalCongressthedelegatesagreedtosupportthewar.AContinentalArmyandNavyunderthecommandofGeorgeWashingtonwerefounded.ThomasJeffersonofVirginiadraftedtheDeclarationofIndependencewhichwasadoptedonJuly4,1776.In1783,theBritisharmywasdefeatedandtheBritishgovernmentrecognizedtheIndependenceoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.UnitedStatesConstitutionThenewUnitedStatesConstitutionfavoredarepresentative,electivegovernmenttoreplacetheexistingmonarchicalstructures.Thesystemofrepublicanismplacedaprimacyuponindividuallibertyanduponconstrainingthepowerofgovernmentthroughdivisionofpowersandasystemofchecksandbalances.GeorgeWashingtonbecamethefirstPresidentoftheUnitedStates.1775年，波士顿人民武装起义，打响了北美人民反抗英国殖民统治的独立战争的第一枪。1776年第二次大陆会议在费城召开，会议决定组成大陆军，由华盛顿任总司令，并通过《独立宣言》，正式宣布建立美利坚合众国。1783年美国独立战争结束，英国被迫承认美国独立。1787年通过联邦宪法，次年底举行第一次选举，华盛顿当选第一任总统。1789年联邦政府成立。1812～1814年第二次美、英战争后，美国完全摆脱英国的统治。Territorialexpansion---ItforcedEnglandtogiveupOldNorthwest,andSpaintoopentheMississippiRiver.美国人适使英国放弃了旧西北地区.，使西班牙开放密西西比河，---ItboughtLouisianafromNapoleon,whichalmostdoubleditsterritory.---AftertheWarwithMexico,MexicowasforcedtogiveupCaliforniaandNewMexico---In1830,theIndianRemovalActauthorizedthepresidenttonegotiatetreatiesthatexchangedIndiantriballandsintheeasternstatesforlandswestoftheMississippiRiver.---From1789to1849,theterritoryoftheUnitedStateswasgreatlyenlarged.19世纪初，随着资本主义的迅速发展，美国统治阶级开始对外扩张。1803年美国利用拿破仑在海地战败之机，购买了法国在北美的殖民地路易斯安那。1812年美国向西扩展，侵占印第安人土地。1818年和1819年，美国分别向英国和西班牙购买了北达科他州的部分土地和佛罗里达。1845年侵占了墨西哥的得克萨斯。翌年，美国以边界事件为借口，向墨西哥宣战，墨西哥被迫1848年将其北部230万平方千米的土地(即今加利福尼亚、亚利桑那、内华达、犹他、新墨西哥、科罗拉多等州)"出售"给美国。19世纪中后期，美国又将其侵略扩张伸向海外。1867年美国用720万美元向沙俄购买了阿拉斯加和阿留申群岛。1898年兼并夏威夷，又通过对西班牙的战争控制了古巴，并夺取了西属波多黎各、关岛和菲律宾。1903年占领了中途岛，霸占了巴拿马运河。1917年迫使丹麦“出让”维尔京群岛。在1776年后的100余年内，美国领土几乎扩张了10倍。(4).TheCivilWar(1861–1865)1.WhatcausedtheCivilWar?2.WhenAbrahamLincolnwaselectedPresident,whatdidtheSouthernstatesdo?3.HowdidLincolnleadtheUniongainingthevictoryofthewar?Inthemiddleofthe19thcentury,whiteAmericansoftheNorthandSouthwereunabletoreconcilefundamentaldifferencesintheirapproachtogovernment,economics,societyandAfricanAmericanslavery.WhenAbrahamLincolnwaselectedPresident,theSouthernstatesbrokeawayandestablishedarebelgovernment,theConfederateStatesofAmerica,onFebruary9,1861.TheCivilWarbrokeoutonApril12,1861.PresidentAbrahamLincolnwonsupportfortheUnionathomeandabroadbymakingthewarajustwaragainstslavery.HeissuedthefamousEmancipationProclamation.ThusEnglandandFrancestoodbytheUnion’sside,andmanyblacksjoinedtheUnionarmy.OnNovember19,1863,LincolnmadeanotherfamousspeechatGettysburg.Afteraseriesofbattles,theConfederatearmysurrenderedonApril9,1865,andfivedayslaterLincolnwasshotdead.InDecember,theThirteenthAmendment,whichbannedslavery,wasaddedtotheConstitution.美国北部的资本主义获得迅速发展，但南部仍保持着使用黑人奴隶劳动的农业经济。19世纪30年代初兴起美国废奴运动。1860年反对黑奴制度的共和党人.林肯当选总统。次年南部奴隶主发动叛乱，南北战争爆发。1862年9月，林肯颁布《解放黑奴宣言》。1865年战争以北方获胜结束，为资本主义在全美国的发展扫清了道路。(5).RapidGrowthofEconomy(1865–1918)1.WhathelpedtheUSAgrowrapidly?2.WhatdidtheProgressiveMovementdemand?3.WhatwasthereformofPresidentTheodoreRoosevelt?4.WhydidtheUSAstandneutralduringtheFirstWorldWar?5.WhydiditdeclarethewaronGermany?AftertheCivilWar,theUnitedStatesexperiencedatremendousgrowthinindustry,agriculture,science,andtechnology,andpopulation.---firstlythepoliticalenvironmentwasstable;---secondlythefreeslavestogetherwiththeimmigrantsfromEuropeandAsiaofferedastronglaborforce;---ThirdlyscienceandinventionplayedaveryimportantroleinAmerica’sindustrialdevelopment;---By1900,theproductionofsteelandcoalbothrankedthefirstintheworld.Withthedevelopmentoftheeconomy,therealsoaroseanumberofsocialproblems.TheProgressiveMovementbegan,demandinggovernmentregulationoftheeconomic,socialandpoliticalconditions.PresidentTheodoreRoosevelt(1901-1909)strengthenedfederalregulationoftherailroadsandenforcedtheShermanAntitrustActagainstseverallargecorporations.Healsopromotedconservation,withlargereservesofforestland,coal,oil,mineralandwatersavedforfuturegenerations.DuringtheFirstWorldWar,theUnitedSatesstoodneutralinnamewhilesellinglargequantitiesofarmsandofferingbankloanstoBritainandFrance.TheUnitedStatesdeclaredwaronGermanyonApril6,1917.WhenthewarendedonNovember11,1918,theUSwasoneofthebigFour(theUS,Britain,FranceandItaly)toenjoytheinterestdivisionofthedefeatedcountries.美国史学界一般把1900年～1917年间美国所发生的政治、经济和社会改革运动统称进步运动。在性质上，进步运动是以中产阶级为主体、有社会各阶层参与的资产阶级改革运动，目的在于消除美国从“自由”资本主义过渡到垄断资本主义所引起的种种社会弊端，重建社会价值体系和经济秩序。在内容上，进步运动同时在联邦、州和市三级展开，从政治上的争取妇女选举权、市政改革到经济领域的反托拉斯运动，从救济穷人和改善工人待遇的社会正义运动到自然资源保护，囊括社会生活的各个方面，影响深远。(6).Post-WorldWarIandGreatDepression(1918–1940)1.Howdidthehistoriansdescribethe1920sintheUS?2.CanyoudescribetheGreatDepressionintheUS?3.HowdidPresidentFranklinRoosevelthelpAmericaoutofthedepression?FollowingWorldWarI,theU.S.grewsteadilyinstatureasaneconomicandmilitaryworldpower.Itenjoyedaperiodofunbalancedprosperity:farmpricesandwagesfellwhileindustrialprofitsgrew.In1932,PresidentFranklinD.RooseveltpassedanumberofactstopreventthepossiblecollapseoftheAmericaneconomicandpoliticalsystem.HedidsuccessfullygetAmericaoutofthedepressionduringhistenureofoffice.(7).WorldWarII(1939–1945)1.WhatwastheattitudeoftheUSduringtheWorldWarIIatthebeginning?2.WhydidtheUStakepartintheWar?3.WhataretheprinciplesoftheUSdiplomacy?AswithWorldWarI,theUnitedStateshadboundthecountrytoneutrality.ItsdecisiontodeclarewarfollowedJapan'ssurpriseattackonPearlHarboron7December1941.FourdaysaftertheattackonPearlHarbor,onDecember11,NaziGermanydeclaredwarontheUnitedStates.ThereweretwoguidingprinciplesofthewartimeAmericandiplomacy:towinthewar;toestablishapostwarpoliticalstructureinaccordwithAmericaninterestsandtopreventtheSovietUnionfromover-expansion.(8).AmericanSocietyDuringPostwarBoom1.CanyoudescribetheeconomicboomoftheUSafterWWII?2.Whatarethecornerstonesofthepostwareconomicboom?3.Whichwererelatedtotheupsurgeinbirths?AfterWWII,theUnitedStatesenteredaperiodofeconomicboom.---Thecornerstonesweretheautomobile,housing,anddefenseindustries.---Economygrewatanaveragerateof3.5percentperyear---Nation’sGNProsefromjustover$200billionin1946tocloseto$1trillionin1970.---From1946to1961,over63.5millionbabieswereborn.Ofthethreecornerstonesofthepostwareconomicboom,twowererelatedtotheupsurgeinbirths.---Thefirstwasaconstructionboomtoprovidehousesandschoolsforallthesechildren.---thesecondwasautomobilemanufacturingforthegrowingnewcommunities.---Thethirdwasmilitaryspending.WhentheDefenseDepartmentwasestablishedin1949,thenationspentabout$13billionayearondefense.By1951,itsbudgetwasover$22billion,andithasbeengoingupeversince.CaseStudyTheSpecialRelationshipBetweentheUKandtheUSAMilitarycooperation---Theunparalleledlevelofmilitaryco-operationbeganwiththecreationoftheCombinedChiefsofSta