2025年译林版九年级英语寒假预习 专题02 Unit 2　Great people

Unit2Greatpeopleinventor[ɪn'ventə]n发明者invent[ɪn'vent]vt发明fighter[ˈfaɪtə]n斗士，战斗者African[ˈæfrɪkən]n非洲人invention[ɪn'venʃən]n发明物，创意European[jʊərəˈpiːən]n欧洲人Russian['rʌʃən]n俄罗斯人pilot[ˈpaɪlət]n飞行员serve[sɜːv]vi&vt服役；服务control[kənˈtrol]n控制，支配order['ɔːdə]vt.命令，指挥，要求cut…short缩短Pacific[pəˈsɪfɪk]adj太平洋的ocean['əʊʃən]n海洋land[lænd]vi&vt使着陆，降落step[step]n&vi一步，步，跨步surface[ˈsɜːfɪs]n表面，表层pride[praɪd]n骄傲，可引以为豪的人（或事物）passage[ˈpæsɪdʒ]n章节，乐段byhand手工mathematics[mæθəˈmætɪks]数学marry['mæri]vt嫁，娶，与…结婚Frenchman['frentʃmən]n法国人laboratory[ləˈbɒrətəri]n实验室discovery[dɪˈskʌvəri]n发现，发现物scientist['saɪəntɪst]n科学家widely['waɪdli]adv广泛地，普遍地magic[ˈmædʒɪk]adj有魔力的notsb'scupoftea非某人所好，不合某人心意happento碰巧advantage[ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ]n优势，有利条件unit[ˈjuːnɪt]n单位，单元atpresent现在，目前increase[ɪn'kriːs]vt增加development[dɪˈveləpmənt]n发展考点1.heardofhearof相当于hearabout，意为“”，后跟名词或代词；hearfrom意为“”。hear意为“听到、听说”，强调听的结果；listen意为“听”，强调听的动作。hearsb.sth.意为“听到某人正在做某事”，hearsb.sth.意为“听到某人做某事的全过程”。考点2.invent动词，意为“发明；创造”（发明者；发明家）（发明物）考点3.become/beinterestedin意为“对…感兴趣”相当于take/haveaninteresterested形容词“感兴趣的”，作表语，主语是人beinterestedin(doing)IaminterestedinEeresting形容词“有趣的”，作表语或定语，主语是物Thebookisveryerest名词“兴趣”，作主、宾语take/haveaninterestinHismaininterestsarereadingandplayingthepiano.Iaminterestedinreadingthisinterestingbook.考点4.join作动词，意为“加入，参加”。①join+组织/团体，表示“加入到某个组织中并成为其中一员”。Hejoinedthearmyin1990.②join+sb.(indoingsth.)表示“加入到某人当中去”。Wouldyouliketojoinusin(playing)thecomputergame?③joinin+某活动，表示参加某种活动,相当于takepartin。Collegestudentsjoininmanyactivitiesafterclass.考点5.ontheirwaybacktoonone’swaybackto...意为“在某人返回…的途中”onone’swayto...意为“在某人去...的路上”，to为介词，其后接副词时，应省略介词to。考点6.control可作名词可作动词，意为“控制”beyondcontrol意为“”incontrolof意为“”outofcontrol意为“”undercontrol意为“”。考点7.orderorder作名词,意为“命令,指挥,要求”,也可意为“顺序,订单”。Theoldsocialorderwasgoneforever.order作动词,意为“命令;订货;点菜.”Theycanorderwhattheywantonline.cut...short,意为“缩短”Hiscareerwascutshortwhenhediedofcancer.考点8.cut常见短语cutdowncutincutoffcutout考点9.furtherfurther可以指更远的，或者抽象意义上更深一层的farther距离时间上更远的，较远的。考点10.pridepride作名词，意为“骄傲”takepridein意为“对…感到骄傲”相当于beof。考点11.byhand，意为“用手；手工的”【拓展】hand的相关短语(1)动词handbackhandinhanddownhandonhandouthandup(2)名词give/lendsb.ahand帮某人一把handinhand手拉手；同时并存inhand在手头；在进行中；在控制中onhand在手边（随时可用）ontheone(other)hand一方面（另一方面）shakehands握手考点12.Itissaidthat...，意为“据说……”。【拓展】类似结构(1)Itisbelievedthat...，意为“据说/据信……”(2)Itisexpectedthat...，意为“据估计……”(3)Itisknownthat...，意为“众所周知/人们认为……”(4)Itisreportedthat...，意为“据报道……”(5)Itisthoughtthat...，意为“据估计/人们认为……”考点13.dieofdieof强调内在原因，如疾病，年老，饥饿等；diefrom强调外部原因，如意外事故，灾害等。考点14.advantageadvantage作名词，意为“优势；优点”，反义词为disadvantage，意为“缺点；劣势”。takeadvantageof利用；占便宜havethe/anadvantageover优于...考点15.contribution作名词，意为“贡献”其动词形式为contribute，意为“贡献”。makeacontributionto为…做贡献，这里的to是个介词【拓展】常见的带介词to的短语be/get/becomeusedtobedevotedtodevoteoneselfto考点16.【辨析】increaseto和increasebyincreaseby指增长了几倍或百分之几，后面加百分数或倍数。Thefigureisexpectedtoincreaseby20percenteveryyear.increaseto指增长到了…，后接具体增长后的数字。Myweighthasincreasedtoseventyeightkilos.考点17.development作名词，意为“发展”withthedevelopmentof意为“在…发展下，随着…的发展”。形容词为“发展中的”和“发达的”。1.时态1)一般现在时:谓语动词用原形或第三人称单数形式2)一般过去时:谓语动词用过去式3)一般将来时:谓语用will/shall/begoingto+动词原形4)现在进行时:谓语用am/is/are+动词的现在分词5)现在完成时:谓语用have/has+动词的过去分词6)过去进行时:谓语用was/were+动词的现在分词动词主要用来表示动作、状态和性质，而英语中动词的时态是指动作和状态发生的具体时间和表现方式。英语中动词时态用动词的不同形式来表示。英语中动词的五种基本形式为:动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。一般现在时表示现阶段习惯性、周期性、反复或经常发生的动作，或者用于描述客观真理always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never,onSunday,everyday,everyyear,onceamonth,threetimesayear①一般现在时表示现在的状态；Ilikecollectingstamps.②一般现在时表示一个动作接着一个动作，用来描述连续性的事件；Thebellringsandthestudentscomeintoclass.③一般现在时可以用来摘述日常生活和习惯；Healwaysgoeshomeat6p.m.④一般现在时表示按照时间表或计划表所做的事情。Theclassbeginsat2p.m.现在进行时表示现在正在发生的动作，在现阶段持续发生的动作或存在的状态atthemoment,now,rightnow,look,listen①现在进行时表示正在发生的动作或状态；Sheislookingafterherbabynow.②现在进行时表示几个动作同时进行；Heisdoinghishomeworkandhisfatheriscooking.③现在进行时可以表示在特定时间段里所发生的动作；Thismonthheispreparingfortheexam.④现在进行时表示即将发生的动作或安排。Iammeetingsomeoldfriendsafterschool.一般过去时表示在过去发生的动作或存在的状态yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastyear,twomonthsago,in1999①一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或者存在的状态;Hewenthomebycaryesterday.②一般过去时可以表示过去发生的一系列连续的动作;Hehaddinnerandthendidhishomework.过去进行时表示过去的某个时刻正在发生的动作、过去同一时间里同时发生的动作或在过去的某个时间段内持续发生的动作或存在的状态atthistimeyesterday,from...to...,lastnight①过去进行时强调过去某个时刻发生的动作；Hewasshoppingat10a.m.yesterday.②过去进行时表示过去同一时间里同时发生的动作；Shewasreadingwhilehermotherwastalkingonthephone.③过去进行时还可以表示过去的某个时间段内持续发生的动作或存在的状态。Wewereplayinggamesthewholeafternoonyesterday.【注意】过去进行时通常用when和while连接。Hewassleepingwhenhisfathercameback.过去进行时常与always等频度副词连用，表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作，此时的过去进行时常带有一定的感情色彩。HewasalwaysplayingcomputergameswhenhewasinGrade7.现在完成时描述一个发生在过去，并一直延续到现在，或者可能还要延续到将来的动作①现在完成时强调过去动作所产生的结果或影响；Hehasalreadyboughttwocars.②现在完成时表示过去某个动作直到现在已经发生了多少次。Hehasbeenheremanytimes.③现在完成时中，since与表示时间点的时间状语连用；for与表示时间段的时间状语连用。IthasbeentwoweekssinceIcamehere.Ihavebeenherefortwoweeks.一.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1.Ericisasportsfanandalways(follow)thelatestsportsnews.2.—WhatdidyoudoforyourmomonMother’sDay?—I(cook)herabigmeal.Shesaidshewassoproudofme.

3.Whataheavyrain!I’mwonderingifanyonehas(shut)thewindows.4.—Look!Thegirl(cry).

—Let’sseewhathappenedtoher.5.Idon’tknowexactlyhowwe(organize)thesportsmeetingnextmonth,butanyway,webelieveinourselves.

beforenextyear.

7.—Doyouknowhowmuchthemachine(weigh)?

—100kilograms.8.—Icalledyouateightthismorningbuttherewasnoreply.—Oh,sorry.I(work)inthegardenthen.

二.用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空byhand;rise;divide;leavefor;shoponline9.Thedressisexpensivebecauseitwasmade.10.ThepriceofthehousesinNantongalotoverthepasttwoyears.

11.Wethechildrenintosixgroups.Nowlet’schoosealeaderforeachgroup.12.MymotherwhenIcalledherlastnight.

13.—Where’sMr.Smith?—HeBeijing,soIdohisjobinstead.三.单项选择14.—Mike,whyareyoustandingoutdoors?—Imykeys.Ihavetowaithereuntilmymothercomesback.

A.havelostB.willloseC.hadlostD.lose15.Thechiefengineerannouncedthattheyaspacelabonthespacestationaroundtheendof2022.

A.havebuiltB.hadbuiltC.willbuildD.wouldbuild16.Whentheteachergotintotheclassroom,Xiaominganovel.A.readB.readsC.isreadingD.wasreading17.Johniswaitingforme.Wetothebookstoretogether.

A.wentB.havegoneC.willgoD.weregoing本单元的话题是“伟人”。在具体的写作中,学生应做到以下几点:1.掌握描述人物的常用词汇和句型;2.能根据提示或按照时间顺序,向他人介绍某个人物,注意重点突出其事迹;3.能结合实际生活,对人物进行简单的评价。写作指导本单元的话题是介绍名人。不同的时代,有不同的名人。学生在写此类文章时,首先要注意时态,通常情况下应用一般过去时;其次写清楚该名人的生平简介,最后还应该说明为什么要写他/她,他/她身上有哪些值得学习的地方,应该尽可能地表达出自己对该名人的看法及情感。常用短语:begoodat擅长……beinterestedin对……感兴趣lookforwardtodoingsth期望做某事becomeamemberof...成为……的一员encouragesbtodosth鼓励某人做某事makeupone’smindtodosth下定决心做某事setagoodexample树立一个好榜样常用句型:IthinkthegreatestpersoninChina/theworldis...He/Shewasbornon/in...He/Shedevotedhis/herlifetimetowasahard-working/generous/helpful...person.ThatiswhyIadmirehim/hersomuch.例题讲解某英文杂志社正面向九年级毕业生征文,请从以下要点中选择一至两个方面,并结合具体事例,用英语写一篇题为“Thankyou,myteacher!”的短文参加此次活动。要点如下:1.严格要求;2.耐心指导;3.热情鼓励;4.……Thankyou,myteacher!写作迁移南丁格尔(Nightingale)是一个心地善良、乐于助人的人。她一生致力于护士事业,为了纪念她,人们把她的生日5月12日定为国际护士节(InternationalNursesDay)。请你根据下面的信息,写一篇英语短文简要介绍她的生平。要求:词数80—100,可根据要点作适当发挥。1820wasborninarichfamily1851wastrainedasanurseDuringthewarsavedmanysoldiers’livesinthefieldhospitalAfterthewarbecameanationalheroine,openedtheworld’sfirstnurseschool1910diedinLondon1912herbirthdaybecameInternationalNursesDayAFamousBritishNurse一一.根据句意及汉语提示或英文释义写出单词1.Asa(欧洲)country,Britainhastotallydifferentculturefromours.

2.WeallknowthatEdisonwasoneofthegreatest(发明者)intheworld.3.Wehavetosaythedishwasherisawonderful(发明).4.Thelittleboywantstobecomeabrave(someonewhofights)whenhegrowsup.

5.Ifyoucould(producesth.forthefirsttime)somethingnew,whatwouldyoucreate?二.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空6.WeChineseshouldbeproudofour(invention).7.Inthe1870s,whenMarxwasalreadyinhisfifties,hebegantolearn(Russia).

8.Thisfamouscomposerdreamedof(create)anewkindofmusicwithoutboundaries.

9.WhenyouthinkofVenice,doesitbringanyother(Europe)citiestoyourmind?

10.The(discover)ofthenewmedicinehassavedmillionsofpeopleacrosstheworld.

三.单项选择11.—IsACMilanEuropeanfootballclub?

—Yes.It’soneofmostsuccessfulclubsinItaly.

A.a;/B.a;theC.an;/D.an;the12.—Look!Theyare.

—Yes.Weareproudofthem.A.manscientistB.womenscientistsC.womanscientistsD.manscientists13.isoneofthefourgreatinventionsofancientChina.

A.ThecarB.ThetrainC.Paper-makingD.Thecomputer14.Withtheoftherobot,peoplewillhavemorefreetimetorelax.

A.situationB.instructionC.conditionD.invention二一.根据句意及汉语提示、首字母提示或英文释义写出单词1.Comparedwiththetraditionalmethod,Gitanjali’sinventionin(检测)waterismuchcheaper.

2.TheTiangongspacestationisthe(骄傲)ofallChinese.(E9202001)

3.Billwantedtobea(飞行员)whenhewasachild.

4.“Yearbyyear,”hesaid,“wearebuildingatruesenseofcommunityacrossthe(太平洋的)Ocean.”

5.Hegaveofortheworktobestarted.

6.Althoughitwasrainingcatsanddogs,theplane(toreachtheground)safely.

7.TheycollectedMoonrockstotakebacktotheEarthforfresearch.8.The(theoutsideortoppartofsomething)ofthelakeisquitestillbecausethereisnowind.

9.Thesituationwon’tbeoutof(控制).Theworstisbehindus.

10.Followthesesmalls,andyoucanmakeabigdifferencetotheEarth!

二.根据汉语意思完成句子11.因为天气,我们不得不缩短比赛时间。Wehadtobecauseoftheweather.12.虽然下着大雨,但是所有的学生还是设法按时到达学校了。(E9202003)Although,allthestudents.

13.据说这位钢琴家4岁就能弹钢琴。thepianistcould.

14.在我家,我妈妈总是第一个起床,最后一个睡觉。Inmyfamily,mymotherisalwaysand.

三.阅读填空阅读短文,根据上下文和所给的首字母提示写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式,每空限填一词。YuanLongping,knownas“theFatherofHybrid(杂交)Rice”,wasriceinthefields.In1975,heandhisteams17indevelopingasetoftechnologiesforproducinghybridrice.Theyield(产量)ofthehybridriceis20percenth18thanthatofcommonrice.Since1979,histechnologiesforhybridricehavebeenintroducedintomanycountriesaroundtheworld.YuanLongpinghashelpedsolvethefoodproblemnotonlyforChinabutalsofortheworld.WeChinesearereallyp19ofhim.We’llrememberhimforever.

15.16.17.18.19.

三一.根据句意及汉语提示或首字母提示写出单词1.WiththedevelopmentofChina,Chineseis(广泛地)usedaroundtheworld.2.Manyheroesremain(未知的),buttheyhaveplayedtheirimportantrolesinexploringtheouterspace.3.Ithink(数学)isanimportantsubject,butmostofmyclassmatesdon’tlikeit.

4.Thereisnowayofknowingwhyonemanmakesanimportant(发现)whileanotherman,alsosmart,fails.

5.Thetwo(实验室)areoppositetoeachother.It’seasytofindthem.

6.StephenHawkingisconsideredtobeoneofthegreatestsinhistory.二．用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空know;invent;admire;France;sad7.Themomwentoutthebedroomangrily,leavingherdaughtercrying.

8.Ifyoudon’tknowthenameoftheplant,pleasewrite“”inyournotebook.

9.Asagreat,thenewmachineiswidelyusedinmanyfields.10.YueFeiisoneofthegreatestpersonsinChinesehistory.Ihimsomuch.

11.—Doyouthinkisanunimportantsubject?

—Ofcoursenot.It’squiteausefulskill.三.根据句意及汉语提示、首字母提示或英文释义写出单词12.Withthe(发展)oftechnology,thejourneytoMarsmightonlytakeabout20minutesinspacecraftinthefuture.13.Hervolunteerexperiencemeantabigaoverothercompetitorsinthejobinterview.

14.—Canyoutellmethepronunciationoftheword“(农业)”?

—Sorry,Idon’tknow,either.15.Eatingtoomuchandnoexercisewillfinally(tobecomeortomakesth.greaterinamount,number,value,etc.)yourweight.

16.Manypeopledieof(thestateofnothavingenoughfoodtoeat)intheworldeveryyear.能力提升一Atthirteen,Iwasinmiddleschool.Whenweplayedsoftball(垒球运动)inthegymclassandtheleaderspicked1fortheirteams,Iwasalwaysthelastkidtogetpicked.SometimesIhittheballintotheoutfield(外场).IthoughtIwas2,butIstillalwaysgotpickedlast.Ididn’thavetotakethegymclassinhighschoolbecauseofmybusystudies,butmyfathertoldmethatdoingsportswasalsoimportant.Iwas3tohavesuchagoodfathertoencouragemetotakepartinthegymclass.Formanypeople,gymisapainfulsubject.Butkidscandevelopgoodvaluesandhabitsingymclasses.Youngpeopleoftenwanttoshowtheirown4.However,inteamsports,winningoften5helpingyourteammatesscore.InAmericanworkplaces,aworkerwho6hiscoworkersandcompanyisa“teamplayer”.Gymclassescanalsoteachtheimportanceof7.Ineverysport,performanceimproveswithpractice.Sostudentsneedtotakegymclasses,buttheactivitiesshouldbe8foreveryone.Thegymteachercanaskstudentstochoosetheirfavoriteactivities,insteadof9givingthematask.Andheorshemay10studentstoplaygameswhichteachcooperation(合作)aswellascompetition.1．A．audiences B．customers C．teachers D．members2．A．good B．patient C．silent D．polite3．A．sorry B．frightened C．lucky D．ashamed4．A．discoveries B．abilities C．purposes D．presents5．A．guardsagainst B．disagreeswith C．givesup D．dependson6．A．helps B．refuses C．avoids D．doubts7．A．pressure B．practice C．wealth D．progress8．A．annoying B．interesting C．serious D．similar9．A．immediately B．confidently C．hardly D．simply10．A．force B．cause C．encourage D．warn二WhenWangHaiyanwasyoung,herfavoritetoysweren’tBarbiedolls.Instead,shestartedlearningtomakeshadowpuppets(皮影)fromherfatherattheageof13.Now43,Wanghasspent30yearspractisingandspreadingtheart.Shadowpuppetryisaformoftheaterthatusespuppetsmadefromleatherorpaperwithmusicandsinging.ItwasinventedduringtheWesternHanDynasty,ittellsusaboutfolktalesandhistoricalstories,passingdowncultureandtraditionsoverthousandsofyears.Shadowpuppetryisallaboutcreatingthepuppetsandperformingwiththem.Wang’shometownofHuaCounty,Shaanxi,isknownasthebirthplaceofthefolkart.Puppet-makersmustfollow24stepstomakethepuppets,includingwashingtheleather,carving(雕刻),andpainting.Carvingisthemostdifficultpart.“Wehaveaspecialcarvingskill—movingtheleatherundertheknife.”Wangsaid.“Youhavetoholdtheknifestillinyourrighthandandonlymovetheleatherinyourlefthand.”IttookWangthreeyearstomasterthisskill.Sheusedabrick(砖)tostrengthenherlefthandwhilepractising.“Ittakesabout3,000carvestomakeashadowpuppet.Thecomplicated(复杂的)stepsmakeithardtohanddownthefolkart.”shesaid.ButWanghasfoundawaytodoso.In2016,shemadeshadowpuppetsbasedonthecartoonseriesHuyaoXiaohongniangandgaveanonlineperformance.Sheusedcolorslikeblueandpurplethataren’toftenseeninshadowpuppetryandaddedsomestickstothepuppetstomaketheperformancemorelively.“Ihopemoreandmoreyoungpeopleenjoyshadowpuppetryandpassitdown.”Shesaid.1．What’sthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?A．Whatshadowpuppetryis. B．Howshadowpuppetryisperformed.C．Whenshadowpuppetrybecamepopular. D．WhyWangisinterestedinshadowpuppetry.2．Whichisthehardeststepinmakingapuppetaccordingtothepassage?A．Washingtheleather. B．Carvingtheleather.C．Paintingtheleather. D．Foldingtheleather.3．AccordingtoWang,whyisitdifficulttospreadshadowpuppetry?A．It’sdifficulttolearntomakepuppets. B．ThisartisonlyknowninHuaCounty.C．Itrequiresgreatstrengthtoperformtheart. D．Thehistoryofshadowpuppetryistooold.4．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Wangspent30yearslearningtocanepuppets.B．Wangenjoysgettingyoungpeopleinterestedinthisart.C．Wanghassetupacompanytomakeandsellshadowpuppets.D．Wangisworkingonacartoonaboutshadowpuppets.三语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In1901,anAustrianscientistdiscoveredthattherearefourtypesofblood(血液).HenamedthemA,B,AB,andO.Peoplehaveoneofthesefourtypes.BloodtypeOisthemostcommonaroundtheworld.BloodtypeAisthe1(two)mostcommon,andbloodtypeABisthe2(little)common.In1927,aJapanesedoctor3(find)thatpeoplewithdifferentbloodtypeshavedifferentpersonalities(性格),too.HesaidthatpeoplewithtypeAbloodare4(usual)calmandserious;peoplewithtypeBbloodarecheerfulandoutgoing;peoplewithtypeObloodaregenerous(慷慨的)andhonest;whilethosewithtypeABbloodareoftencaringand5(create).Morerecently,6doctorintheUnitedStateswroteabookthatconnectsbloodtypes7whatpeopleeat.Thebook8(suggest)peoplewithtypeObloodshouldeatmoremeatandlessbread.AdietforpeoplewithtypeAbloodincludesmorevegetables.Hisbook,EatRightforYourType,hasbeenahitwithpeoplewhowanttolose9(weigh).However,Dr.PeterD’Adamobelievesthateatingfoodthatmatchesaperson’sbloodtypewillmaketheperson10(healthy)thaninotherways,too.

Unit2Greatpeopleinventor[ɪn'ventə]n发明者invent[ɪn'vent]vt发明fighter[ˈfaɪtə]n斗士，战斗者African[ˈæfrɪkən]n非洲人invention[ɪn'venʃən]n发明物，创意European[jʊərəˈpiːən]n欧洲人Russian['rʌʃən]n俄罗斯人pilot[ˈpaɪlət]n飞行员serve[sɜːv]vi&vt服役；服务control[kənˈtrol]n控制，支配order['ɔːdə]vt.命令，指挥，要求cut…short缩短Pacific[pəˈsɪfɪk]adj太平洋的ocean['əʊʃən]n海洋land[lænd]vi&vt使着陆，降落step[step]n&vi一步，步，跨步surface[ˈsɜːfɪs]n表面，表层pride[praɪd]n骄傲，可引以为豪的人（或事物）passage[ˈpæsɪdʒ]n章节，乐段byhand手工mathematics[mæθəˈmætɪks]数学marry['mæri]vt嫁，娶，与…结婚Frenchman['frentʃmən]n法国人laboratory[ləˈbɒrətəri]n实验室discovery[dɪˈskʌvəri]n发现，发现物scientist['saɪəntɪst]n科学家widely['waɪdli]adv广泛地，普遍地magic[ˈmædʒɪk]adj有魔力的notsb'scupoftea非某人所好，不合某人心意happento碰巧advantage[ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ]n优势，有利条件unit[ˈjuːnɪt]n单位，单元atpresent现在，目前increase[ɪn'kriːs]vt增加development[dɪˈveləpmənt]n发展考点1.heardofhearof相当于hearabout，意为“听说，听到”，后跟名词或代词；hearfrom意为“收到...的来信”。hear意为“听到、听说”，强调听的结果；listen意为“听”，强调听的动作。hearsb.doingsth.意为“听到某人正在做某事”，hearsb.dosth.意为“听到某人做某事的全过程”。考点2.invent动词，意为“发明；创造”inventor（发明者；发明家）invention（发明物）考点3.become/beinterestedin意为“对…感兴趣”相当于take/haveaninteresterested形容词“感兴趣的”，作表语，主语是人beinterestedin(doing)IaminterestedinEeresting形容词“有趣的”，作表语或定语，主语是物Thebookisveryerest名词“兴趣”，作主、宾语take/haveaninterestinHismaininterestsarereadingandplayingthepiano.Iaminterestedinreadingthisinterestingbook.考点4.join作动词，意为“加入，参加”。①join+组织/团体，表示“加入到某个组织中并成为其中一员”。Hejoinedthearmyin1990.②join+sb.(indoingsth.)表示“加入到某人当中去”。Wouldyouliketojoinusin(playing)thecomputergame?③joinin+某活动，表示参加某种活动,相当于takepartin。Collegestudentsjoininmanyactivitiesafterclass.考点5.ontheirwaybacktoonone’swaybackto...意为“在某人返回…的途中”onone’swayto...意为“在某人去...的路上”，to为介词，其后接副词时，应省略介词to。考点6.control可作名词可作动词，意为“控制”beyondcontrol意为“难以控制”incontrolof意为“处于控制地位”outofcontrol意为“失去控制的”undercontrol意为“被控制”。考点7.orderorder作名词,意为“命令,指挥,要求”,也可意为“顺序,订单”。Theoldsocialorderwasgoneforever.order作动词,意为“命令;订货;点菜.”Theycanorderwhattheywantonline.cut...short,意为“缩短”Hiscareerwascutshortwhenhediedofcancer.考点8.cut常见短语cutdown砍倒;削减cutin插嘴,插队cutoff切断,隔断cutout剪去,关掉考点9.furtherfurther可以指更远的，或者抽象意义上更深一层的farther距离时间上更远的，较远的。考点10.pridepride作名词，意为“骄傲”takepridein意为“对…感到骄傲”相当于beproudof。考点11.byhand，意为“用手；手工的”【拓展】hand的相关短语(1)动词handback退还handin交上handdown传下来,宣布handon传递下去handout把...拿出来,分发,施舍handup交给上级,呈交(2)名词give/lendsb.ahand帮某人一把handinhand手拉手；同时并存inhand在手头；在进行中；在控制中onhand在手边（随时可用）ontheone(other)hand一方面（另一方面）shakehands握手考点12.Itissaidthat...，意为“据说……”。【拓展】类似结构(1)Itisbelievedthat...，意为“据说/据信……”(2)Itisexpectedthat...，意为“据估计……”(3)Itisknownthat...，意为“众所周知/人们认为……”(4)Itisreportedthat...，意为“据报道……”(5)Itisthoughtthat...，意为“据估计/人们认为……”考点13.dieofdieof强调内在原因，如疾病，年老，饥饿等；diefrom强调外部原因，如意外事故，灾害等。考点14.advantageadvantage作名词，意为“优势；优点”，反义词为disadvantage，意为“缺点；劣势”。takeadvantageof利用；占便宜havethe/anadvantageover优于...考点15.contribution作名词，意为“贡献”其动词形式为contribute，意为“贡献”。makeacontributionto为…做贡献，这里的to是个介词【拓展】常见的带介词to的短语be/get/becomeusedto习惯于bedevotedto致力于；忠诚于devoteoneselfto献身于；专心于考点16.【辨析】increaseto和increasebyincreaseby指增长了几倍或百分之几，后面加百分数或倍数。Thefigureisexpectedtoincreaseby20percenteveryyear.increaseto指增长到了…，后接具体增长后的数字。Myweighthasincreasedtoseventyeightkilos.考点17.development作名词，意为“发展”withthedevelopmentof意为“在…发展下，随着…的发展”。形容词为developing“发展中的”和developed“发达的”。1.时态1)一般现在时:谓语动词用原形或第三人称单数形式2)一般过去时:谓语动词用过去式3)一般将来时:谓语用will/shall/begoingto+动词原形4)现在进行时:谓语用am/is/are+动词的现在分词5)现在完成时:谓语用have/has+动词的过去分词6)过去进行时:谓语用was/were+动词的现在分词动词主要用来表示动作、状态和性质，而英语中动词的时态是指动作和状态发生的具体时间和表现方式。英语中动词时态用动词的不同形式来表示。英语中动词的五种基本形式为:动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。一般现在时表示现阶段习惯性、周期性、反复或经常发生的动作，或者用于描述客观真理always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never,onSunday,everyday,everyyear,onceamonth,threetimesayear①一般现在时表示现在的状态；Ilikecollectingstamps.②一般现在时表示一个动作接着一个动作，用来描述连续性的事件；Thebellringsandthestudentscomeintoclass.③一般现在时可以用来摘述日常生活和习惯；Healwaysgoeshomeat6p.m.④一般现在时表示按照时间表或计划表所做的事情。Theclassbeginsat2p.m.现在进行时表示现在正在发生的动作，在现阶段持续发生的动作或存在的状态atthemoment,now,rightnow,look,listen①现在进行时表示正在发生的动作或状态；Sheislookingafterherbabynow.②现在进行时表示几个动作同时进行；Heisdoinghishomeworkandhisfatheriscooking.③现在进行时可以表示在特定时间段里所发生的动作；Thismonthheispreparingfortheexam.④现在进行时表示即将发生的动作或安排。Iammeetingsomeoldfriendsafterschool.一般过去时表示在过去发生的动作或存在的状态yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastyear,twomonthsago,in1999①一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或者存在的状态;Hewenthomebycaryesterday.②一般过去时可以表示过去发生的一系列连续的动作;Hehaddinnerandthendidhishomework.过去进行时表示过去的某个时刻正在发生的动作、过去同一时间里同时发生的动作或在过去的某个时间段内持续发生的动作或存在的状态atthistimeyesterday,from...to...,lastnight①过去进行时强调过去某个时刻发生的动作；Hewasshoppingat10a.m.yesterday.②过去进行时表示过去同一时间里同时发生的动作；Shewasreadingwhilehermotherwastalkingonthephone.③过去进行时还可以表示过去的某个时间段内持续发生的动作或存在的状态。Wewereplayinggamesthewholeafternoonyesterday.【注意】过去进行时通常用when和while连接。Hewassleepingwhenhisfathercameback.过去进行时常与always等频度副词连用，表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作，此时的过去进行时常带有一定的感情色彩。HewasalwaysplayingcomputergameswhenhewasinGrade7.现在完成时描述一个发生在过去，并一直延续到现在，或者可能还要延续到将来的动作①现在完成时强调过去动作所产生的结果或影响；Hehasalreadyboughttwocars.②现在完成时表示过去某个动作直到现在已经发生了多少次。Hehasbeenheremanytimes.③现在完成时中，since与表示时间点的时间状语连用；for与表示时间段的时间状语连用。IthasbeentwoweekssinceIcamehere.Ihavebeenherefortwoweeks.一.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1.Ericisasportsfanandalways(follow)thelatestsportsnews.2.—WhatdidyoudoforyourmomonMother’sDay?—I(cook)herabigmeal.Shesaidshewassoproudofme.

3.Whataheavyrain!I’mwonderingifanyonehas(shut)thewindows.4.—Look!Thegirl(cry).

—Let’sseewhathappenedtoher.5.Idon’tknowexactlyhowwe(organize)thesportsmeetingnextmonth,butanyway,webelieveinourselves.

beforenextyear.

7.—Doyouknowhowmuchthemachine(weigh)?

—100kilograms.8.—Icalledyouateightthismorningbuttherewasnoreply.—Oh,sorry.I(work)inthegardenthen.

1.follows2.cooked3.shut4.iscrying5.willorganize6.willbecompleted7.weighs8.wasworking二.用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空byhand;rise;divide;leavefor;shoponline9.Thedressisexpensivebecauseitwasmade.10.ThepriceofthehousesinNantongalotoverthepasttwoyears.

11.Wethechildrenintosixgroups.Nowlet’schoosealeaderforeachgroup.12.MymotherwhenIcalledherlastnight.

13.—Where’sMr.Smith?—HeBeijing,soIdohisjobinstead.9.byhand10.hasrisen11.divided12.wasshoppingonline13.hasleftfor三.单项选择14.—Mike,whyareyoustandingoutdoors?—Imykeys.Ihavetowaithereuntilmymothercomesback.

A.havelostB.willloseC.hadlostD.lose15.Thechiefengineerannouncedthattheyaspacelabonthespacestationaroundtheendof2022.

A.havebuiltB.hadbuiltC.willbuildD.wouldbuild16.Whentheteachergotintotheclassroom,Xiaominganovel.A.readB.readsC.isreadingD.wasreading17.Johniswaitingforme.Wetothebookstoretogether.

A.wentB.havegoneC.willgoD.weregoing14.A根据语境可知,迈克弄丢了钥匙,不得不站在门外等他妈妈回来,此处用现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,故选A。15.D根据“Thechiefengineerannouncedthat”可知,that后为宾语从句,主句时态为一般过去时,从句时态为过去的某种时态;结合从句时间