+2025年人教版中考英语一轮复习可数名词与不可数名词讲解

可数名词与不可数名词一、名词的分类名词的分类普通名词专有名词可数名词不可数名词人名、地名、国家名、机构、团体名称等个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词二、定义可数名词是可以用具体数字计数的名词。可数名词有单数和复数形式。不可数名词是不可用数目来计算的名词。不可数名词没有复数形式，只有单数形式。但在某些具体情况下也可以用复数。三、可数名词与不可数名词可数名词不可数名词分单、复数两种形式desk-desksbus-buses没有复数形式teameat前面可用基数词、不定冠词修饰threeboysanorange不可以被基数词和不定冠词直接修饰，若表示数量可用“单位词+不可数名词”apieceofpapertwocupsoftea可数名词的复数前可many,some,any修饰manyteacherssomefriends可用much,some,any修饰muchbreadsomemilk[特例清单]有些名词既是可数名词，又是不可数名词，但意义有所不同work(工作)--awork(著作)glass(玻璃)--aglass(玻璃杯)paper(纸)--apaper(报纸;文件;试卷)tea(茶)--atea(一种茶)(表示种类)wood(木头)--awood(小树林)room(空间)--aroom(房间)chicken(鸡肉)--achicken(小鸡)light(光，光线)--alight(电灯)fish(鱼肉)--fishes(各种各样的鱼)exercise(锻炼，运动)--exercises(习题)life(生活)--lives(生命)orange(橘子汁)--anorange(橘子)time(时间)--times(倍,次数)hand(帮助)--ahand(手)radio(无线电)--aradio(收音机)四、可数名词单数a/an常表示泛指某一事物/人，即不确定1.a用于辅音音素开头的单词:abook,adog,abutterfly2.an用于元音音素开头的单词:anegg,aninsect,anoldwoman3.the常表示特指或独一无二，即确定e.g.theboyoverthere那里的那个男孩儿thesun/moon/earth/sky太阳/月亮/地球/天空五、可数名词单数变复数的规则:.(1)规则变化1一般在词尾加-sapple-applesbook-books2以s,x,ch,sh结尾加-esglass-glassesbox-boxeswatch-watchesdish-dishes3以f,fe结尾变f或fe为v,再加-esleaf-leavesknife-kniveswolf-wolveslife-lives加-sroof-roofsbelief-beliefs4以y结尾辅音+y:去y+iesbaby-babiescity-citiesfamily-families元音+y:+sboy-boystoy-toysday-dayskey-keys5以辅音字母+o结尾有生命+espotato-potatoestomato-tomatoeshero-heroesNegro-Negroes黑人mango-mangoes芒果无生命+spiano-pianosphoto-photoskilo-kilosradio-radioszoo-zoos不规则变化1改变单数名词中的元音字母(1)a-eman-menwoman-womenpoliceman-policemenFrenchman-Frenchmen(2)oo-eefoot-feettooth-teethgoose-geese2词尾有变化+enox-oxen+renchild-childrenouse-icemouse-mice3一些集体名词只表示复数概念peoplepolicecattle(公牛)4单复数同形sheepdeerfish5表示“某国人”加-sGreek-Greeks希腊人Swede-Swedes瑞典人Danish-Danishes丹麦人Dutch-Dutches荷兰人Spanish-Spanishes西班牙人三国人单数复数同形ChineseJapaneseSwiss复数把man变成menEnglishman-EnglishmenFrenchman-FrenchmenDutchman-Dutchmen其他各国人以-an,-ian结尾的均直接加sAmerican-Americans美国人German-Germans德国人6复合名词变复数（1）一般只将主题名词变为复数girlfriend-girlfriendsapple-appletrees（2）当复合名词前的名词是man/woman时，两部分都要变复数amandriver-mendriversawomenteacher-womenteachers7只有复数形式trousers裤子clothes衣服shorts短裤glasses眼镜jeans牛仔裤chopsticks筷子[特例清单]1."数词+名词+形容词"构成的复合形容词，中间的名词须用单数形式。five-year-old5岁大的afive-poundnote一张5英镑的纸币asix-foot-deephole一个6英尺深的洞2.以-s结尾的名词，有的作单数使用，有的作复数使用。(1)以-s结尾的学科类名词，一般是不可数名词。例:maths,physics,politics表示由两部分构成的物体的名词,其形式上可数，若表达具体数目时，要借助数量词pair来表示，其单复数形式取决于pair的单复数形式。例:apairoftrousers-条裤子以复数形式出现的书名、剧名、报纸、杂志名词，看作单数名词。例:TheNewYorkTimes(《纽约时报》)以-s结尾表示国家组织或公司名称的专有名词，通常被看做单数。例:theUnitedStates(美利坚合众国)以-s结尾表示群岛、山脉、瀑布等自然景观的专有名词，通常被看做复数。例:theOlympicGames(奥林匹克运动会)the+姓s，如theSmiths不可数名词（一）不可数名词分类粉类flour面粉，bread面包，sand沙子，sugar糖材料paper纸，cotton棉花，glass玻璃，wood木材,wool(羊毛)肉类meat肉，beef牛肉，chicken鸡肉，fish鱼自然界的事物light光线，snow,thunder(雷),lightning(闪电),air(空气)液体juicy果汁,water水，oil油，vinegar醋抽象beauty漂亮traffic交通，money金钱膏状物chocolate巧克力，cheese奶酪，icecream冰淇淋学科chemistry化学，math数学（二）不可数名词的数量1.通常我们会用一些修饰词或量词去表达不可数名词的数量。（1）修饰：some(一些),any(一些),much(许多),alotof(许多)alittle(一些)little(几乎没有)e.g.Thereissomewaterinthebottle.瓶子里有一些水。Thereisn'tanywaterinthebottle.瓶子里没有任何水。Thereismuchwaterinthebottle.瓶子里有很多水。Thereisalotofwaterinthebottle.瓶子里有很多水。Thereisalittlewaterinthebottle.瓶子里有一点水。Thereislittlewaterinthebottle.瓶子里几乎没有水。(几滴)量词单数结构:a/an/the+单数量词+of...apairofshoes复数结构:数量(two/three)+复数量词+of...twocupsofmilk2.[常见量词词组]单数复数个数单位词piece张apieceofadvicetwopiecesofadvicedrop滴adropofinkthreedropsofink容器单位词pile堆apileofwoodfourpilesofwoodcup杯acupofcoffeesevencupsofcoffeeglass(玻璃)杯aglassofmilkeightglassesofmilkbottle瓶abottleofjuiceninebottlesofjuicebox盒、箱aboxofchalktenboxesofchalkbag袋abagofflourelevenbagsofflour度量衡单位词pound磅apoundofmeatfourteenpoundsofmeatkilo公斤akiloofoiltwokilosofoil[注意]有量词看量词(有量词修饰名词时，量词的单复数，决定谓语动词的形式)e.g.Thebarofchocolatetastesnice.Thesebarsofchocolatetastenice.[特例清单]（1）不可数名词表示数量时，可用alotof,much,little,alittle,some,no等修饰例:Iwantsomewater.我想要一些水。（2）不可数名词表示一定的数量时，可借助可数名词，用“a+可数名词+of+不可数名词"结构。表示复数意义时，把可数名词变为复数形式例:Heneedstwopiecesofpaper.他需要两张纸。3.既可数又不可数的名词既可数又不可数的名词可数不可数paper论文报纸纸chicken鸡鸡肉hair几根头发头发iron烫斗铁fish鱼鱼肉room房间空间work作品工作glass玻璃杯玻璃time倍数，次数时间life生命生活sand沙滩沙子food强调事物的种类食物总称experience经历经验glass玻璃杯玻璃time次数，倍时间orange橙子橙汁exercise练习锻炼七、可数名词与不可数名词的用法区别:(1)可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，而不可数名词只有单数形式。例:apple--apples(可数名词)bread(不可数名词)(2)不定冠词a/an、基数词可直接修饰可数名词,表示数量;而不可数名词在表示数量时,则用“冠词/基数词+表示计量单位的名词+of+不可数名词”。例:anapple一个苹果twobananas两根香蕉apieceofbread-片面包twospoonsofsalt两勺盐(3)可数名词复数前可用many,few,afew,等修饰;不可数名词前可用much,little,alittle,等修饰。例:manypotatoes许多土豆afewminutes几分钟muchhousework许多家务活alittlewater一点水*注意:有些词是既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词的,如:some,any,alotof,lotsof等。(4)可数名词作主语时，谓语动词与主语的单复数保持一致。不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。例句:Therearetwoapplesonthetable.Thereissomewaterintheglass.注意:当不可数名词前表示计量的名词是复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。例句:Therearetwoglassesofwateronthedesk.(5)提问可数名词的数量用howmany;提问不可数名词的数量用howmuch。例句:Howmanybananasdoyouhave?Howmuchyogurtdoweneed?练习一、请写出下列词的复数形。citycountrytoothmapboycartreehorsebusbabyfamilyradiophotopianoknifelifemanwomanchildfootthiswatchdaybooksheepboxpaperwatertomatomilkricepeopleorangeclassbedtoyChinesepotato二、单项选择1.The______inouryardareverybeautiful.A.clothB.waterC.flowers2.TomisoneoftheChinese______inourschool.A.boyB.boysC.boies3.Acathasfour______,doesn'tit?A.footsB.feetC.feets4.The______hastwo______.A.boy;watchB.boy;watchesC.boys;watch5.Isawmany______inthestreet.A.PeoplesB.peopleC.people's6.Theycomefromdifferent______.A.countryB.countriesC.acountry7.Howmany______doyouseeinthepicture?A.tomatosB.tomatoesC.tomato8.Theyare______.A.womanteachersB.womenteachersC.womenteacher9.Ieatthree______inthemorning.A.potatoesB.potatosC.tomatos10.Myunclehasthree______.A.childB.childsC.children11.Theboyisa______.A.ChineseB.JapanesesC.Germans12.Therearefour______andtwo______inthegroup.A.Japanese,GermenB.Japaneses,GermenC.Japanese,Germans13.Thereare25______inourclass.A.girlstudentB.girlsstudentsC.girlstudents14.Canyouseenine______inthepicture?A.sheepB.dogC.pig15.Hertwobrothersareboth______.A.policemanB.policemansC.policemen16.Theboyshavegot______already.A.twobreadB.twobreadsC.twopiecesofbread17.Theoldmanwants______.A.sixboxesofapplesB.sixboxesofappleC.sixboxofapples18.There______some______intheriver.A.is,fishB.are,fishesC.is,fishs19.InBritain_____areallpaintedred.A.letterboxesB.boxsC.letterbox20.Iwanttobuy________.A.twobottlesofinkB.twobottleofinkC.twobottleofinks三.填入所给名词的正确形式I.Ihavetwo___________(knife)2.Therearemany___________here.(box)3.Therearemany___________ontheroad.(bus)4.Afew___________aredrawingonthewall.(boy)5.The___________areplayingfootballnow.(child)6.Pleasetaketwo___________forme.(photo)7.Ilikethered___________.(tomato)8.Wouldyoupleasecleanyour___________now?(tooth)9.Doyouwantsome____________?(milk)10.Thereareten___________inourschool.(womanteacher)11.Thedeerhasfour_________.(foot)12.Hertwobrothersareboth_________(policeman).13.Therearefour___________(Japanese)andtwo_________(German)inthegroup.14.Canyouseenine_________(horse)inthepict