+Unit+8+What+are+the+shirts+made+of+知识清单+2024-2025学年鲁教版（五四学制）八年级英语下册+

PAGEPAGE5Unit8Whataretheshirtsmadeof?一、词形变化：1.environment（n）--__________(adj.自然环境的)2.leaf（n.）--_______(pl.)3.produce(v.)--________(n.产品)4.wide(adj.)--_______(adv.广泛地，普遍地)5.German(n.德国人)--_________(n.德国)6.compete(v.)--________(n.竞争者)--____________(n.竞争)7.history(n.)--________(adj.历史的)8.hot(adj.)--_________(n.高温v.加热)二．重点短语:1.bemadeof...__________2.bemadein...__________3.environmentalprotection____________4.befamousfor…=_____________5.据我所知_______________6.onthesidesofmountains__________7.手工_________8.allovertheworld________9.accordingto_________10.becoveredwith…___________11.introuble______12.papercutting________13.afairytale___________14.ataveryhighheat___________三.重要知识点1.被动语态(PassiveVoice)(1)被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作________者。(2)被动语态基本结构：be+及物动词的过去分词(此处be是_______词，有__________________的变化)一般现在时的被动语态结构为：____________________________(3)被动语态中动作的发出者或执行者做介词by的宾语，放在句末，by表示“由，被”的意思如何理解被动语态？为更清晰、更深刻地理解被动语态的含义，可以将主动语态和被动语态的句子结构进行比较:主动语态：主语+谓语动词+宾语+其他成分被动语态：主语+be+过去分词+by+宾语+其他成分如：ManypeoplespeakEnglish.被动语态Englishisspokenbymanypeople.即时练习：把下列的主动句变为被动句。Peopleplayfootballallovertheworld.

TheoldmanonTVtellsastoryonSunday.

Studentslistentothekindteachercarefully.被动语态的几种句型1.肯定句主语+be+过去分词+(by…)

Eg：Asweetsongissungbyheronthestage.

2.否定句主语+be+not+过去分词+(by…)

Eg：Asweetsongisn’tsungbyheronthestage.

3.一般疑问句Be+主语+过去分词+(by…)?

Eg：Isasweetsongsungbyheronthestage?

4.特殊疑问句疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+(by…)?

Eg：Whereisasweetsongsungbyher?

按要求改写下列句子。1.Doyouwateryourflowerseveryday?(变为被动句)

2.ThisEnglishsongissungbythegirlsafterclass.

①改为否定句

②改为一般疑问句，并做肯定和否定回答

③对划线提问

(4)含有双宾语的句子变被动语态：

双宾语：即直接宾语(常指事物)和间接宾语(常指人)的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式，但多以间接宾语作主语。

Eg：Jacktoldusthetruth.（变为被动语态）WeweretoldthetruthbyJack.

Thetruthwastold(to)usbyJack.练习：Hepassesmethefootball.(改成被动语态)

I___________thefootballbyhim.

Thefootball__________________mebyhim.(5)动词的主动形式表示被动之意1)系动词无被动语态：以主动形式表示被动之意。常见的系动词有：be动词,look,seem,appear,feel,sound,smell,taste等Eg：Itsmellsterrible.Thatsoundsgood.2)不及物动词sell,wash,read,write,open,close,shut,lock,wear等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。Eg：Thisbooksellswell.这本书畅销。

Thekindofclothwasheswell.这种布很容易洗。3)下列动词(词组)没有被动式：happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,comeout,cost,takeEg：Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.练一练：用所给动词的正确形式填空。①Sunglasses__________(use)forprotectingpeople’seyes.

②Apicture_________(put)upontheblackboard.

③French___________(speak)inFrance.

④Whichlanguage_______themostwidely_______(speak)intheworld?

⑤Thestudents_____often_____(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.

⑥Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.

选择：①Cotton(棉花)______inthesoutheastofChina.

A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow

②【湖北黄石】Thispairofshoes_______hand,andit______verycomfortable.

A.ismadewith;isfeltB.aremadefrom;isfeltC.aremadeof;feelsD.ismadeby;feels③(湖北）—Yourbedroomissoclean.—Ofcourse.It______everyday.A.cleansB.cleanedC.iscleanedD.wascleaned

④【江苏常州】Thislisteningmaterial,togetherwithitsCD-ROMs,______well.

A.sellsB.sellC.issoldD.aresold

⑤【河南】—Excuseme.I'mlookingforBetheBestofYourself.

—Sorry.Thebookyouaskfor______out.

A.issellingB.issoldC.wassellingD.willbesold⑥【湖北宜昌】—Atpresent,oneofthebestwaystostudyisworkingingroups.

—Morechances_______tostudentstolearnfromeachother.

A.offerB.areofferedC.haveofferedD.areoffering⑦【湖北襄阳】—Didn’tyouseethesign“NoParking!”ontheright?

—Sorry,Ididn’t.ButnowIknowparking_______hereA.wasn'tallowedB.isn'tallowedC.won'tallowD.doesn'tallow⑧【广西南宁】HanHan’sbooksarepopular.They_______bymanyteenagers.

A.isreadB.wasreadC.arereadD.wereread⑨【广东梅州】Thechildwithoutparents______goodcareofbyhisteachersinthisspecialschool.

A.istakenB.aretakenC.takeD.takes

⑩【浙江宁波】—Haveyoufinishedyourproject?

—Notyet.I’llfinishitifI_______tenmoreminutes.

A.giveB.amgivenC.willgiveD.willbegiven

2.衬衫由什么制成？Whataretheshirtsof?总结：：由制成，一般能看出原材料，或发生的________变化：由制成，一般不能看出原材料，或发生的_______变化_____：指的是产地，，意思为"于…制造"。_____:"被制成为…"_______：由构成/组成，一般是多种构成。练一练：①Ilikethedumplingsmade________mymotherbest.②Doyouknowwineismade______grapes?③Thedeskismade__________wood.④Paperismade__________wood.⑤Theteamismade________30studentsandateacher.⑥Thiskindofwatchismade_________Shanghai.⑦Mysweaterismade_________wool(羊毛).⑧Thiswoodwillbemade_______desksandchairs.3.AnxiandHangzhouarewidelyknownfortheirtea.安溪和杭州以茶叶而广为人知。【解析1】widelyadv.广泛的，普遍的wideadj.宽阔的Eg：Herbooksare___________________.她的书被广泛阅读。【解析2】beknownfor…“以…闻名，为人知晓”，相当于“befamousfor…”beknownas…“作为…出名”，相当于“befamousas…”Eg:Tai’anis____________MountTai.YangLiweiis_____________anastronaut.4.Nomatterwhatyoumaybuy,youmightthink….【解析】nomatter“不论，无论”，常与what、who、how、when、where等疑问词连用，引导_______状语从句。拓展：“nomatter+疑问词”可用“疑问词+ever”替换。Eg：___________________yougo,neverforgetyouareaChinese.无论走到哪里，都不要忘了你是个中国人。=________________yougo,neverforgetyouareaChinese.5.Lauraistryingtofindoutmoreabout….劳拉正在试图找出更多关于…【解析】辨析find/lookfor/findout这三个词都有“找”的涵义，但具体用法有别：

A.lookfor：“寻找”，强调动作。

B.find：“找到”“发现”，强调“找”的结果，宾语往往是某个丢失的东西或人。C.findout：“弄清楚”“”，着重表示通过一个曲折过程查明某个情况、事实。练一练：(1)Please___________whenthetrainleaves．请查一下火车什么时候离站。(2)—Didyou________LiMingyesterday？

—No，we____________himeverywhere，butdidn't__________him.6.Theinternationalkitefestivalisheldin…everyyear.国际风筝节每年在…举行。

【解析】hold(held,held)①容纳;②举办;③抓住【短语】holdasportsmeeting举行一场运动会holdon别挂电话,稍等holdonto（doing）sth.坚持（做）…

练一练：①Youhaveagooddream.Don’tgiveitup!

A.StopitB.HoldontoitC.HolditbackD.Don’ttakeitout

②Thesportsmeeting___________(hold)inourschooltwiceayear.

③【安徽】—MayIspeaktoMr.Smith?_____,please.I’llseeifheisin.

A.LookoutB.HoldonC.KeepupD.Comeon

④Thishallcan____________400people.这个大厅能容纳400人。7.Hesentthemouttoaskforhelpwhenintrouble.当遇到麻烦时，他放天灯来寻求帮助

【解析】send→sent→sentsendout发送；派遣；放出【短语】sendfor…派人去请；派人去拿sendsb.sth=sendsthtosb.送给某人某物练一练：①【四川】Drunkendriveisdangerous,isn’tit?

Yeah.Thatiswhydrunkendriver___toprisonevenwithoutcausingaccidents.

A.sentB.aresentCissentD.aresending②Wemust_______adoctor,heisbadlyill.A.sendtoB.sendforC.sendout8.Theyaremadeofbambooandcoveredwithpaper.它们是由竹子制成的，并被纸覆盖住。

【解析】coverv.①包括；涉及=include②覆盖becoveredwith…被盖住coversth.withsth用某物覆盖某物n.封面；盖子

练一练：①Inthewinter,themountainis__whitesnow.A.cover;withB.covered;withC.cover;underD.covered;under②ThisbookmustbeTom’s,becausehisnameisonthec__________ofit.9.Whenthelanternsarelit,theyslowlyriseintotheairlikesmallhot-airballoonsforalltosee.当灯笼被点亮的时候，它像一个小气球一样慢慢升向天空，让所有的人都能看见。

【解析】light小结：

(1)v.点亮,点燃→lit/lighted→lit/lighted(2)adj.轻的（反义词：heavy）(3)n.灯turnoffthelightlightbulb电灯泡

(4)adj.浅色的（反义词：dark）lightgreen

(5)n.光线(不可数n.)

Eg:①Isawhimentertheroom,sitdownandlightacigarette.我看见他走进房间,坐了下来,点燃了一根香烟。②Ican'treadwhileyouarestandinginmylight.你挡住了我的光线，我没法看书。③Heturnedoffthelightbeforegoingout.他出门前把灯关掉。④Thisisaheavybox,andthatisalightone.这是一个重箱子,那是一个轻箱子。⑤Herfinelighthairfelloverhercheeks.她的浅色的美丽头发遮住了脸颊。⑥【连云港】—Ididn’texpecttoseeyoustudyingatthelibrarysoearlyinthemorning.

—____,huh?

A.Everydoghasitsday B.Manyhandsmakelightwork

C.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm D.Toomanycooksspoilthebroth

10.ThepiecesareusuallycutechildrenorlivelycharactersfromaChinesefairytaleorhistoricalstory.陶土作品通常是可爱的孩子，或是中国童话故事或历史故事中生动的人物。

【解析】live，lively，living，alive区别liveadv./adj.读作[laiv]，“现场的；活着的,活生生的”，只用于物，可以做前置定语；livelyadj.“生动的，活泼的”，可以做定语、表语或宾补；livingadj.表示“活着的”，作表语或前置定语，可修饰人，也可修饰物；aliveadj.“活着的”，多用于人，与dead相对；可以做表语、后置定语或补足语。①Mrs.Brownalwaysmakeshisclass_____andkeepshisstudents___inclass.

A.alive;interestingB.lively;interestingC.alive;interestedD.lively;interested②Airiseverywhereanditgiveslifetoevery______thing.

③Theboylooked___,buthisweakbreathsuggestedthathewasstill____.

A.died;aliveB.died;livingC.dead;aliveD.dead;lively

11.Thepiecesarecarefullyshapedbyhandfromaveryspecialkindofclayandthenallowedtoair-dry.这些（泥制）作品通过手工用一种非常特殊陶土精心塑形，之后再自然晾干。

【解析】allowsb.todosth允许某人做某事sb.beallowedtodosth某人被允许做某事

allowdoingsth允许做某事练一练：①Wedon’tallow___________(smoke)inthereadingroom.

②Ourteacherallowsus____________(go)outforawalk.

③Theboyshouldbeallowed__________(play)aftersupper.四.书面表达：本单元涉及的话题是“中国制造的东西”，话题作文通常会涉及民间艺术以及文化传承。这是一个适合记叙、说明两种体裁相结合的话题，同时也是学生喜欢写、有话写的题材。写好这类文章，最重要的是准确捕捉写作的“精髓”，有条理的把要描述的某一事物展现出来，此类话题的写作要立足事实、表达真情实感。写作此类话题作文的常用表达有：(1)

Chinaisfamousfor…(2)

It’sgreatthatChinaissogoodat…(3)

…wishthatinthefuture…will…(4)

Theseusuallytrytoshow…(5)

Theyareseenassymbolsof…1.【典型例题】假如你是韩梅，远在美国的笔友Linda给你写信了，信中，Linda向你了解中国有什么著名小吃。请根据表格提示给Linda回信。民间小吃糖葫芦（tanghulu）原料山楂（haw）,有些地方的糖葫芦用草莓（strawberry）、葡萄（grape），甚至小苹果等制成历史渊源据说，宋代（thesongdynasty）一位皇帝妻子曾因吃了糖葫芦治好了病，因此流传下来象征幸福和团员【优秀范文】DearLinda,Youaskedmewhatfamoussnackstherewereinmycountry.Well,inmycountry,oneofthemostf