词汇语法解题技巧探讨

词汇语法题解题探讨在词语运用题中，一般给出一篇难易适中的短文，考查考生的整体阅读能力和基础语法的运用能力，特别是单词的词性和词形转化能力。它是介于阅读理解和书面表达之间的一种题型。。一、选词填空“选词填空”要求学生利用所给的词汇(一般有名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、冠词、介词和连词等)补全句子。要做好本题型，学生除了要进行大量的课外阅读，积累丰富的语言知识外，还需掌握一定的解题技巧。1.拿到题目后，不要急于看文章，首先对备选的词汇研究几遍，对词性作简单的标记，同时对词义进行初步的理解。2.通读句子，充分理解句意，注意发现固定搭配关系。凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。3.选定单词后，不要轻率地填入。在填词过程中，需要瞻前顾后，既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。选定一个【名词】后，要考虑是否把它变成复数或“所有格”形式。例如:match→matches,friend→friend's/friends'。其他还要考虑名词是否需要变成形容词，例如:sun→sunny,use→useful/useless/used,danger→dangerous。遇到【动词】时，要有意识地去考虑时态和语态的变化以及非谓语动词形式的变化。用【形容词】或【副词】填空时，要主动去判定是否需要变成比较级或最高级，还有它们之间的相互转换以及形容词变名词的要求也要考虑。例如:interesting→more/themostinteresting,happy→happily,happy→happiness。填入【代词】时，需注意辨别主格、宾格、名词性和形容词性物主代词或反身代词的用法。【数词】方面要注意基数词和序数词的变化以及分数的表达法，例如:three→third,2/3→twothirds。【不定冠词】只需要在a或an之间判别，例如agirl/anoldman。当遇到【介词】和【连词】时，只要符合上下文逻辑或固定短语搭配，填入即可。4.完成填词后，应通读全文，复核校对。检查单词拼写是否正确，是否有时态、语态、惯用法及词语选用上的错误，以确保答案的正确性。最后把答案填入答卷时，切勿错位。二、用所给单词的适当形式填空完成短文（中文填空）该题型主要以考查动词的词形变化为主，有时也考查形容词、名词和代词(反身代词)等的词形变化。做好这类题目主要从以下几个方面入手。1.熟练掌握动词词形变化规律。在用动词填空时，首先应考虑是用作谓语还是用作非谓语，若用作谓语则考虑语态、时态和人称等，若用作非谓语则考虑是用分词、动名词还是不定式。2.熟练掌握构词法知识。构词法包括动词、形容词、名词、副词等的相互转换。在词形变化时，首先要根据句义判断词义，然后根据词义推断词性，最后再根据词性写出词形，如:用名词填空时，要考虑可数和不可数，可数名词考虑单数还是复数;用形容词和副词填空时，需考虑它们之间的相互转换，是用原级、比较级还是用最高级以及变化规律;用代词填空时，要考虑人称代词和物主代词的转换，人称代词的主、宾格形式，反身代词形式，形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词形式等。3.注意一些细节问题。如名词的单复数是否有误，动词的第三人称单数或过去式是否正确，以及单词拼写是否有误等。三．语法填空语法填空题一共有10个空，其中有6～7个空考查实词，括号内有给出相关的词，另外的3～4个空为考查虚词，不给出相关的词。此题型主要考查学生对语法和词法知识的掌握和运用。要注意不同词性的构词法，学会分析空格里的词在句子中的成分也很重要。1.对于括号内所给出单词的情况：要先从词性考虑，一般名词考查单数或复数形式和名词的所有格。人称代词考查主格，宾格，形容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词和反身代词。形容词和副词考查三级的变化或它们之间的转换。动词考查时态，语态和非谓语动词等用法。数词考查基数和序数的区别或复数的用法。2.对于不给出词的情况：一般考查冠词，介词和连词。冠词要看后面名词的读音开头是否是元音，另外，是否是特指等情况。介词要记住固定的搭配。连词相对最难，要从上下文判断，特别是先判断是什么样的从句，另外，要根据句子的意思，句子成分，时态等确定关联词。有时也可能考查到连接副词等。Therewasalittlecat.Hespentmuchtimeeatingandsleeping.Heateonce(11)______day,andthenwenttobedandslept.Whenheslept,hissnoring(鼾声)sound(12)______veryloud.Hehardlytookexercises,(13)______hewasveryheavy.Other(14)______(animal)wereangryatthecat,(15)______theycouldn’tsleepwellatnight.Oneday,abigcat(16)______(plan)toteachthelittlecatalesson.Heaskedafewanimalstohelp(17)______(he).Theywantedtocatchthelittlecatandbeat(打)him.Because(18)______catneverexercised,hewastooheavytomove.Whenotheranimalsranafterhim,hecouldn’trun(19)_______(quick).Heknewit’s(20)_________(importance)todoexerciseswhenhewascaught.(一)冠词类用适当的冠词填空，不需要填的用/表示。1.－Haveyouseen________pen？Ileftoneherethismorning.－Isit________blackone？IthinkIsawitsomewhere.2.Thisis________usefulbook.I'vereaditfor____hour.3.Theboyis________tallerofthetwo.4.Therearefourseasonsin_____year.______firstseasonisspring.Itis______bestoneof_____four.5.－Wheredoyouusuallyhave________lunch?－Athome.6.________BrownshavebeentoChinatwice.7.－DidyouenjoyyourstayinGuangzhou?－Yes.Wehad________wonderfultimeintheWhiteCloudsHill.8．Septemberis________ninthmonthofayear.9．Shenzhenisoneof________mostbeautifulcitiesinChina.10．Areyougoingtodoit________secondtime?(二)名词类用所给词的适当形式填空。1.The________(leaf)ofmosttreeswillfallinAutumn.2.Howmany________(kilo)ofmeatwouldyouliketohave?3.Susanisoneofthebest_____________________(womandoctor)inthehospital.4.Totellyouthe________(true),Iamnotinterestedinwhatyoutoldme.5.LiLeiandDamingare________(China)．6.Mymotherisagood________(cooker).Sheenjoys________(cook)．7.April1isApril________(fool)Day.8.Myhomeisabouthalfan________(hour)drivefromschool.9.Telephoneisoneofthegreatest___________(invent)intheworld.10.Wecanseemany________(deer)inthezoo.(三)代词类用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Thisisnotmypencil­box.________(I)isinthebag.2.Treesareplantedin________(we)countryeveryyear,whichmakesourcountrymoreandmorebeautiful.3.－IsthatbikeMissGao's?－Yes,itis________(she).Beautiful,isn'tit?4.Help________(you)tosomefruit,Jack.5.－Whotaughtyourbrothertosurf?－Nobody.Helearntallby________(he)．6.TheirEnglishteacherisfromAmerica,but________(we)isfromEngland.7.Mary'sanswerisdifferentfrom________(I)．8.－Mywatchketifgoodtime.Whatabout________(you)?－Mine?Oh,twominutesslow.9.Samis________(I)bestfriend.Ilikeplayingwithhim.10.Didyouenjoy_____________(you),MaryandKate?(四)形容词类用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Thestrongwindblowshard.Itisnot________(safety)tosithere.2.Thesmallerthehouseis,the________(little)itwillcostustoheat.3.Itisthe________(good)waytosolvethisproblem.________(far)discussionismeaningless.4.Mr.Smithhasfoursons.Peteristhe________(old)．5.Doyouknowhow___________(danger)itisforalittlechildtoswiminariveralone?6.Ithinkscienceismuch______________(important)thanJapanese.7.Thefootballmatchisvery________(excite)．8.Waterisas________(value)asgold.Don'twasteit.9.Hewasseriouslyillyesterday.Buthedoesn'tgetbettertoday,infact,heisgetting________(bad)．10.Whenthebabysawthetigeratthezoo,hefelt________________(frighten)．(五)副词类用所给词的适当形式填空。1.__________(lucky),hebrokehisleftlegyesterday.2.Theyaretalkingvery________(loud)．3.Theyarelisteningtotheteacher___________(careful)．4.Peterisagoodboy.Hestudies________(hard)thantheotherstudentsinhisclass.5.Thegirlsaresittingthere_____________(quiet)．6.Heruns_____________(fast)ofthefourboys.7.Thesunisshining_____________(bright)．8.Thefruitintheshoptastesgoodandsells________(good)．9.Lilyjumpsas________(farther)asLucy.10.Inourclass,thegirlsgetup________(early)thantheboysinthemorning.(六)介词类用适当的介词填空。1.－I'dlikeacupofblackcoffee.Whataboutyou,Maggie?－Iprefercoffee________sugar.2.－WhendidtheearthquakeinHeyuanhappen?－Ithappened________8∶02________themorningofApril20,2013.3.Thechemicalsinthevegetablesandfruitarebad________ourhealth.4.Theoldmanisagoodswimmer,andevennowheoftenswims________theriveraftersupper.5.Theteachershopeallofuscanhand________ourhomework________timeeveryday.6.－Maybeyoushouldcallhimup.－ButIdon'twanttotalkwithhim________thephone.7.I'mlookingafterTomtoday.He'sbeeninmyhouse________8∶00thismorning.8.Mydreamhometownisanamazingplace________anypollution.9.－Lucy,who'sthegirl________glassesinthephoto?－It'sme.Iusedtowearglassesandhavelonghair.10.－Notonlytheyoungbutalsotheoldaregettinginterested________WeChat.－Theycancommunicatemorefreely.(七)连词类用适当的连词填空。1.IcannotaffordtobuyaCDplayer________itistooexpensive.2.Iwouldliketoplayfootballwithyou________Ihavegotameetingnow.3.Edisonnevergaveup,________hefailedmanytimes.4.Youshouldmakeaplan________youdoanythingimportant.5.Forestshelptokeepwaterfromrunningaway,________droughtdoesnotoftenhappen.6.－It's9o'clocknow.Imustgo.－It'srainingoutside.Don'tleave________itstops.7.－Ourholidaycostalotofmoney.－Didit?Well,thatdoesn'tmatter________youenjoyedyourselves.8.－Canyouguesswhowillbethefirsttocrossthefinishline?－Sandy.Janedidn'trunsofast________shedidlasttime.9.Theboxissoheavy________Ihavetoasksomeonetohelpme.10.Whichoneisyours,thegreenone________thewhiteone?(八)动词时态用所给词的适当形式填空。1.He________(dig)adeepholeyesterdayafternoon.2.AlthoughMike____________(fail)hisdrivingtestthreetimes,henevergivesup.3.I'llreturnthebooktoMissYangifshe________(come)backthisafternoon.4.There____________________(be)twobasketballgamesnextweek.5.TheGeographyteachertoldustheearth________(move)aroundthesun.6.Someone_____________(knock)atthedoor,goandseewhoitis.7.Ihaven'tseenhimsinceI________(come)toShenzhen.8.Thegirlwithtwodogsalways________(go)outforawalkaftersupper.9.－WhereisMr.Liu?－He________(go)toShanghai.10.Mary___________(know)muchChinesewordssinceshecametoChina.(九)动词语态用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Theflowers______________(water)everyday.2.Greatchanges________________(takeplace)inChinasofar.3.Ididn'tgotothepartybecauseI______________(not,invite)to.4.Thedoor________(feel)coolandsmooth.5.Somethingmust________(do)tostopthepollution.6.We________________(allow)toplaybasketballafterschool.7.Youridea________(sound)great.8.－When________themeeting________(begin)?－In10minutes.9.－________anewbridge________(build)here?－Yes,itwill.10.Tom__________________(hear)singinglastnight.(十)非谓语动词用所给词的适当形式填空。1.AlltheChinesepeoplemustworkhard___________(realize)ChinaDream.2.Youdon'thave___________(spend)toomuchtimeontheMathsproblem.Ourteacherwilltellushowtoworkitout.3.OurEnglishteacheroftensaystous,“________(learn)Englishwellisveryimportant”．4.Hehurriedbackhome________(take)hissmartphone.5.Thetwinsenjoy________(take)photos.Theyalwaysgooutwiththeircameras.6.Excuseme,couldyoutellmehow________(get)tothenearestpostoffice?7.WhenIwalkedpastthepark,Isawsomeoldpeople________(dance)inthepark.8.You'dbettertrydifferentwaysyoucanthinkof__________(remember)wordsandexpressions.6.Excuseme,couldyoutellmehow________(get)tothenearestpostoffice?7.WhenIwalkedpastthepark,Isawsomeoldpeople________(dance)inthepark.8.You'dbettertrydifferentwaysyoucanthinkof__________(remember)wordsandexpressions.9.TheGreatGreenWallcanstopthewindandsandfrom________(move)totherichlandinthesouthofChina.10.Ifoundaletter________(lie)onthefloorwhenIcameintotheclassroom.(十一)情态动词用适当的情态动词或所给词的适当形式填空。1.Accordingtothetrafficlaw,people________crosstheroadwhenthetrafficlightturnsred.2.Youought________(listen)toyourparents'suggestionsfortheyhaveexperiencedmuchmorethanyou.3.－________Iborrowyournotebook?－Yes,ofcourse!4.Thewifeneeds____________(prepare)mealsforthewholefamilyeveryday.5.Hislittlesisterisill.He________lookafterherathome.6.He________beintheclassroom.Hehasgonetothecanteen(食堂)．7.－Willyoustayathomethisweekend?－I'mnotquitesure.I________gotothebookshop.8.－I'vegotanappointmentwithMr.Smithat10∶00.－Well,thenyou________beMissZhang.9.Mycarisbroken.Itneeds_______________________(repair)．10.－MustIreturnthecameratomorrow?－No,you________.(十二)数词与主谓一致用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Halfofthevisitors________(be)fromEurope.2.Thestudentsinourschooleach________(have)anEnglishdictionary.3.MyfamilyaswellasI________(be)gladtoseeyou.4.Octoberisthe________(ten)monthoftheyear.5.Layingeggs________(be)theantqueen'sfull­timejob.6.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolisaboutnine________(hundred)．7.TheArabianNights________(be)wellknowntoEnglishlovers.8.Thereare________(four)studentsinourclass.Twentyboysandtwentygirls.9.Thepopulationoftheworld__________(grow)now.10.NeitherhenorI________(be)fromCanada.WearefromAustralia.(十三)句子种类用适当的词或所给词的适当形式填空。1.________goodadviceyou'vetoldme!Thankyouverymuch!2.Kate,________(bring)yourhomeworkheretomorrow.3.Tellmethetruth,________I'llbeangry.4.________dangerousitistoplayfootballonabusyroad!5.Idon'tlikedrawing________painting.6.－___________willyoureturnthebookstotheschoollibrary?－Intwoweeks.7.________goodnewsyouhavebroughtus!8.________IwishIcouldgohomeandhavetheMid­AutumnFestival!9.－_____________doesPetergotoseetheoldpeopleintheNursingHome(老人院)?－Twiceamonth.10.________happyshewastoseethefullmarksonherson'sexampaper!(十四)主从复合句用适当的词或所给词的适当形式填空。1.Doyouknowwhohe________(live)withsincethen?2.IfyougototheGreatWall,you________(love)it.3.Heistheonlyone________Iwanttoloveandcareallmylife.4.Althoughhegrewolder,hestill________(do)somesillythings.5.Thepen___________Iboughtyesterdayisgonenow.6.Yoursisterandherlovearethebestthings___________Ihaveeverhad.7.Youngpeoplecanlearn________theycandotocarefortheelderlyinthisactivity.8._____________Iwaslisteningtotheteachercarefully,Tomsuddenlylaughed.9.Idon'tknow________Timwillcometothepartyornot.10.Unlessyouworkhard,you________(fail)theexam.(十五)构词法用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Loisisastamp________(collect).She________(collect)stamps.2.Writea_______________(describe)ofyourcity.3.Asa________(fashionable)model,sheisneveroutofdate.4.Itisstartingto________(rainy).Wearegoingtohavea________(rain)day.5.Jenny,youhavegotthefirstprizeinthe________________(compete).Congratulations!6.Whatisyourideaabout________(succeed)?7.________(art)carvebeautifulthingsoutofstones.8.Iamtryingtofind________(different)inschoollifebetweenShanghaiandShenzhen.9.Icouldn'tdoit________(with)yourhelp.Thanksalot.10.Shetoldmethe________________(important)oflearningaforeignlanguage.11.Toxicsubstances(有毒物质)________(pollute)theairandthewater.Thentheenvironmentis________(pollute)．12.Whereareyoufrom?Whatisyour________(nation)?Whatdoesyour_______(nation)flaglooklike?13.Tom_____(run)5kilometreseverymorning.Heisafast_______(run)._______(run)isgoodforhim.14.Whenshe__________(discover)thechemicalsinthewater,shewasshocked.Her_________(discover)angeredeveryoneintown.15.Theywere________(great)delightedtohaveagreatteacher.16.Wehadabigexperimentinourphysicsclass.Itwasa__________(experiment)experience.17.Weshouldpayattentionto________(listen)totheteacherinclass.18.Whatan____________(imagine)theauthorhas!Inherlastnovel,she____________(imagine)shelivedfivehundredyearsagointheUK.19.We________(discuss)theprogramforseveralhours.Whenthe________(discuss)finallyended,everyonewasinahurrytoleave.20.Ourcompany__________(advertise)itsproductonradioandtelevision.These________(advertise)costalotofmoney.19.We________(discuss)theprogramforseveralhours.Whenthe________(discuss)finallyended,everyonewasinahurrytoleave.20.Ourcompany__________(advertise)itsproductonradioandtelevision.These___________(advertise)costalotofmoney.2015四、词汇运用（本题有15小题，每小题1分，共计15分）A．用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。每词仅用一次，每空限填一词。46.Youcantakeanyofthecakes____thisone.47.Sometimesitistomakealistofeverythingyouhavetodo.48.Maryhasnotowalkhomealoneatnight.49.Ican'tbelieveIamgoingtomeetthepopstar.50.Heis70yearsold,buthestillactiveinsports.B．根据短文内容和所给中文提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式．每空限填一词．WhenIwas18，myfamilyleftChina.Andayearlater,wemadeourwaytoNewYork.Unluckily,myfather51（失败）tofindajob,soIhadtohelpsupportmyfamily.Ilookedthroughthewantadseverymorningandlaterhadan52（面试）forajobatWaterburyHospitalHealthCentre.ThereIwastoldmyworkwould53（包括）sweepingfloors.Ismiledandrememberedmyfather'sadvice."Beproudofwhatyoudo,”mylathersaid,"whetheryou'rea54（老板）oraresweepingfloors.”Soevenifmyjobwasthelowest,Iwas55（激动的）todoit.Eachmorning,Iimaginedallthose56（病人）notbeingabletoeatifIwasn'ttheretocleantheplatesandbowls.Once57（早饭）wasmade,Icleanedtoilets,sweptfloorsanddidsomeother58（脏的）work..Iwantedpeopletosay"Thatyoungmansuredoesanicejob"，59（尽管）Iwasdeadtired.Through60（十一）jobsI'veeverheld,myfather'swisewordshavestayedwithme.I'vesweptfloors，andI'vebeenthemanager.IthinkDadwouldbeproud.五、语法填空（本题有10小题，每小题1分，共计10分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填人一个适当的词，或填人括号中所给单词的正确形式（每空不多于3个单词）．PlentyofpeopledreamofgoingtoMars（火星）．61differentfromthosepeople,13-year-oldAlyssaCarsonhasbeenworking62(happy)forthatdreamsincetheageof4，accordingtoanewreportwhich63(make)bytheBBCnotlongago.AlytsatellstheBBC,“Ihope64(go)toMarsbecauseitisaplacethatnoonehasbeentobefore.Iwanttotakethatfirststep.”AccordingtotheBBC,she65(attend)USA'sthreeworldspacecampssofar.Herfather,BertCarson,tellstheBBCthatAlyssaplanstobeonthefirstlongjourneytoMarstwhichisexpectedtotakeplacein66yearof2033.“Weareproud67her,”hesays.“Wehavethenexteighteen68(year)plannedout.”OneofthoseplansisAlyssaattendingtheInternationalSpaceUniversity.Ofcourse，Alyssa'sdreamcouldcomewith69(big)sacrifices（牺牲）thanothers.IfAlyssagoestomars，maybe70isverydifficultforhertoreturntoEarth.Still，herfathersays，"Ifthat'stheonlychoiceshehas，shestillwantstogo.”Alyssaagrees.2016四、词汇运用（本题有15小题，每小题1分，共计15分）A．用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词仅用一次（每空一词）normalcustomerincreasemyduring46.Tom'sgardenisquitenicebutIprefer________.47.Thejourneytothelake________takesabouttwohours.48.Mycousinvisitedhisoldfriend_________hisstayinLondon.49.China'spopulationofwildpandashas________byaround17%inthelasttenyears.50.Onweekends,thesupermarketisusuallyfullof________.B．阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式（每空一词）。Manymuseumshouseworksofart,andsomehavevaluablepiecesthatcanneverbereplaced.Thesemuseumsgivethe51（公众）achancetoenjoytheirtreasures.Inthepast,peoplecould52（几乎不）talkwhenvisitingmuseums.Today,rulesaren'tasstrict,butfollowingsome53(基本的）rulesisstillnecessary.Respect（尊重）thespaceKeepthemuseumspacecleanandthrowawayallrubbish.54（避免）standingagainstwallsandwatchwhereyouwalk.Nofoodisallowed.Finish55（吃）allthefoodbeforeenteringthemuseum.RespecttheartNotouchingtheart.Hands,56（手指）oranybodypartshouldnevercomeintocontactwiththeartwork.(Someonethinksasmalltouchwon'thurttheartwork,butimaginehowthose"touches"wouldaddupwith57(百)orthousandsofvisitorseveryday.)Noflashphotos.Brightlightscanbe58（有害的）totheart.RespectothervisitorsCompletesilenceisn'tnecessary,buttalkinalow59（说话声）．Standinlineswhilebuyingticketsorwaiting.Followtherules60（在……上面）.Itcanmakeeveryone'smuseumexperiencesafeandenjoyable.五、语法填空（本题有10小题，每小题1分，共计10分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词．或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。Thewholeschoolwastalkingaboutthewintercamp.Andeveryonewaslookingforward61itexceptmebecauseIthoughtlwouldgethomesick.Butitwasthewaywegrewup.Whenarrivingatthecamp,we62(ask)toski（滑雪）downtofieldbythecoach.Iskied63(careful),butIstillhitapieceoficeandfelldown.Ha!Ha!"Behindme,somebodystartedlaughing.Ilookedbacktosee64waslaughingatme.Tomysurprise,Isaw65girlinthesameembarrassingpositionlwasin."IthoughtI’dbebadatthis.Butitseems66(difficult)thanIexpected!”shesaidsuddenly,Istartedlaughing,too.Afterbeingsoafraidof67(faIl),itwasacomfortnottofearitanymore.Thenextday,68Ididn’twanttogoskijumping,1waschosentodothatfirst.Butwhenmy69(foot)lefttheground,Ifeltlwasflyinganditwaswonderful.Justdoyourbest70(meet)everychallenge.You'llneverimaginehowmuchyouwillget.2017词汇运用(本题有15小题，每小题1分，共计15分)A、用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词仅用一次(每空一词)。speechsmoothouruntildividespeechsmoothouruntildivide46.Ididn’tlearntopaint________Iwasforty.47.Thestudentswere__________intofourgroupsbeforedoingexperiments.48.Jameslookedtired,forhelistenedtothree_________thismorning.49.I’llleadyoutoyourroom.__