十大语法知识点（知识清单）-2024-2025学年译林版英语五年级上册

五年级上册十大语法知识点一、名词（单数，复数，不可数）1.单数a/an...如：abigumbrellaanumbrella(a.e.i.o.u)2.复数=1\*GB3①一般直接+s：=2\*GB3②以s,x,sh,ch结尾，加es=3\*GB3③以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i，加es=4\*GB3④不规则名词复数：manmen，womanwomen，policemanpolicemenchildchildrenfootfeet，mousemice...两人两菜：negronegroes,heroheroespotatopotatoes,tomatotomatoes不可数soup,milk,bread,juice,tea,rice,pudding…二、代词表（人称代词分为：主格和宾格）（物主代词分为：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词）主格Iweyouhesheitthey宾格形容词性物主代词三、序数词firstsecondthirdfourth...基数词：表示数目onetwothreefour序数词：表示顺序基数词变序数词的方法是：基变序，有规律,:一般词尾加th;一二三，特殊记，结尾t,d,d；八去t,九去e,ve要用f替。整十数，先把ty变tie,再加th几十几，十位基数个位序如：Thereare____(three)floorsinmyhouse.Mybedroomisonthe_____(three)floor.四、加动词原形（5种）和加to加动词原形（）：★+动词原形（5种）can/may(情态动词）2.let3.please助动词do/does/don’t/doesn’t5.shallwe...★+to+动词原形（4种）want+to+动词原形2.wouldlike+to+动词原形3.time+to+动词原形4.be+形+to+动词原形★五、加动词ing（6种）like/love2.go3.begoodat4.be5.How/Whatabout6.a...lesson注意：动词ing形式也叫作动词的现在分词（ing）或动名词，动词原形变为动词ing形式的规则：=1\*GB3①一般情况下，直接加ing=2\*GB3②以不发音的e结尾的，去e加ing：（除see以外）=3\*GB3③以辅元辅结尾，并且该元音字母有自己独立的发音，则双写最后一个辅音字母再加ing★六、动词三单形式(简称：动三单）动词原形变为动词第三人称单数形式的规则如下：=1\*GB3①一般直接+s：=2\*GB3②以s，x，sh，ch，o结尾，加es=3\*GB3③以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先变y为i，再加es=4\*GB3④不规则：havehas主语为三单时：肯定句句型：主三单+动三单...否定句句型：主三单+doesn’t+动原...一般疑问句句型：Does+主三单+动原...?特殊疑问句句型：特殊疑问词组+does+主三单+动原...?七、相同意思不同用法的辨析1.（存在）有thereis/arehave/has前面必须有主语(拥有）如：____________threepigs____thefarm.They______big_______.2.和=1\*GB3①and(Mikeandhisfamily)oftengototheparkatweekends.=2\*GB3②with(Mike)oftengoestotheparkwith(hisfamily)atweekends.区分：动词短语前用and;动词短语后用with3.也=1\*GB3①tooHelikesreadingstoriestoo.=2\*GB3②alsoHealsolikesreadingstories.=3\*GB3③eitherHedoesn’tlikereadingstorieseither.区分：肯定句句中用also;肯定句句末用too;否定句中句末用either.4.许多=1\*GB3①alotof/lotsofIeatalotofsweets.=2\*GB3②alotBillyalwayseatsalot./Thanksalot.区分：修饰名词用alotof/lotsof修饰动词用alot5.Be动词（is/am/are）=1\*GB3①Iam/youare=2\*GB3②单数/不可数用is=3\*GB3③复数用are6.如like前面有would，那么wouldlike表示想要（want）wouldlike（want）todosth.7.感叹句：可单：What+a/an+形+可单！如：Whataniceturkey!不可数：What+形+不可数！如：Whatnicepudding!可复：What++形+可复！如：Whatniceturkeys!How+形容词（+主+谓）！如：Hownice!八、易混淆词汇1.who’s(是谁)he’s(他是)swimthere（跟be连用，译为有；单独用译为那里那儿。）whose(谁的)his(他的)swingtheir(他们的)thereare有they’re他们是these这些pretty漂流的present礼物parent父或母2.职业类易错词teacherwriterworkerdrivercook动词teachwriteworkdrivecook3.介词：infrontof/between/beside/behind/under4.关于时间顺序的词first——next——then——finally九.易错词组1.playbasketballplaythepiano2.atChristmasonChristmasDay/Eve3.atsixo’clock4.inthemorning/afternoon/eveningthismorning/afternoon/eveninginwinter...on...day...5.看故事readstories/readastory6.故事书readstorybooks/readastorybook7.buy…forsb.make...forsb.write…tosb./send…tosb./give...tosb./show...tosb.lookat...看......lookafter...照顾......lookout=watchout当心lookoutof...朝......看......9.onthetree(长在树上)inthetree(外来物)10.aglassofmilk(单数)twoglassesofmilk（复数）十.文化板块CoffeeispopularinWesterncountries.西方国家流行咖啡。TeaispopularinChina.中国流行茶。IntheUK，thisisthegroundfloor.英国IntheUS,thisisthefirstfloor.美国C