高考英语写作功能词（训练）清单

高考英语写作功能词（训练）（一）主要英语对应词及其用法结构【动词】(train,drill)①train训练trainas/in...接受做或者担当…的训练Hetrainedasadoctor/inengineering.(他受过做医生的培训/工程学方面的培训。)Theyaretrainingfortheboatrace.(他们在接受训练，准备划船比赛。)traintobe...接受做…的培训Shetrainedfortwoyearstobeanurse.(她受过两年做护士的培训。)trainsb./sth.(as.../in...)训练某人/某物(担当…/学会…方面的知识)Whoisinchargeoftrainingthenewrecruits?(谁在负责训练新兵?)Hewastrainedasanengineer/inengineering.(他受过担任工程师的/工程学方面的培训。)trainsb./sth.todosth.I'vetrainedmydogtofetchmyslippers.(我把狗训练得能给我叼拖鞋。)trainsb./sth.for...训练某人/某动物参加…totrainahorseforarace训练马参加比赛②drill训练;操练drillsb.训练某人todrillstudentsinEnglishgrammar对学生进行英语语法训练todrilltroops/soldiers练兵【名词】(training,drill,drilling,practice,exercise,breeding)toreceiveaspecial/anintensive/athorough/aregular/asevere/afine(good)/aprofessional(vocational)/anacclimatization/ashort-termtraining接受特殊/强化/全面/正规/严格/良好/专业/适应性/短期训练toreceivetraining/takeone'straining接受训练toundergo/conducttraining进行训练tolacktraining缺乏训练tosecuretrainingin...在…方面得到训练togivesb.agoodtrainingin...在…方面对某人进行良好训练togivesb.adrillintheuseof...训练某人使用…tohavethreehoursofdrilladay一天有三个小时的训练todotwohoursofdrill训练两小时toneglectpractice忽视训练tocarryon/continuepractice继续训练tokeeponpractice坚持训练exercisesunderbattleconditions实战训练166.1.3形容词(trained,drilled,disciplined,untutored)tobetrainedwithregularity;tobewell-trained/well-drilled/disciplined训练有素的atrainednurse一个受过正规训练的护士166.2（二）常用的相关短语或表达进行体育锻炼todoPT受过良好的训练tobewelldisciplined在…方面受过训练toreceiveschoolingin...对某人进行…方面的职业培训totrainsb.foracareerin...正在接受很好的训练tobeunderperfectdiscipline从事训练/练习togointotraining训练得好/不好tobein/outoftraining训练某人参加2008奥运会/锦标赛tocoachsb.forthe2008Olympics/achampionshipmatch辅导某人参加考试/参加数学比赛/学习英语tocoachsb.foranexam/foramathscompetition/inEnglish由私人辅导化学tobeprivatelycoachedinchemistry经受严格的训练或磨炼togothroughthemill使某人经受严格的训练或磨炼toputsb.throughthemill训练某人的音乐欣赏能力toeducatesb.'searto/formusic为使自己成为一名…而进行训练toprepareoneselfasa(an)...进行高强度的体育锻炼(苦练)tohaveawork-out严格的训练bitterdiscipline;strictdiscipline;rigiddiscipline严格训练某人towhipsb.intoshape(口)军事训练militarydiscipline日夜练兵todrillsoldiersdayandnight培养自己多方面的技能/兴趣等todiversifyone'sskills,interestsetc.训练(某人)掌握(某种技能、法则等)todrillin/into...训练某人的思想和性格totrainthemindandcharacterofsb.训练某人从事某职业togroomsb.foracareer/as...训练新兵tolick/knocknewrecruitsintoshape对某人进行强化集训(多指体育)togiveclinicstosb.训练呼吸的冲刺towindsprint反复训练/灌输tobeatintosb.'shead体能训练gymnastics智力训练mentalgymnastics强化训练学习应对考试tocramthestudentsfortheexam强化班anintensivetrainingcourse/acrammingcourse/acrammer速成训练班aquickietrainingcourse在…方面没受过训练tobeuntutoredin...训练自己做某事todisciplineoneselftodosth.训练基地astable出师tobeoutof(through)one'sapprenticeship（二）常用的相关短语或表达研究；探索；钻研todelvein;todiginto;todoresearchinto;togointo;tohavetodowith;tostudyinto;toworkon;todealwith;toconcernwith对···进行推敲/琢磨torefineon/uponsth.;totroubleaboutsth.研究出/想出tocomeupwith;tostudyout潜心钻研…toporeover/(up)onsth.简略地/仔细地/匆匆地/再次/进一步考察一下…totakeabrief/close(r)/quick/second/furtherlookat...涉猎/浅猎(对…进行业余性的研究)todabblein/at推进…领域的科研工作topushahead/along/forwardthescientificresearchin...从事…方面的研究topursuethestudyof...;todoresearchin...正在研制tobeunderdevelopment正在认真研究…tobeatgripswith...正在积极研究解决tobeunderactivestudy对…进行深入细致的/系统的研究toundertake/carryout/makeanextensive(systematic)investigationinto...有待进一步推究(探讨)tobeopentospeculation对…做大量研究todevotemuchstudyto…对…略有研究tobesomethingofanexperton...对…进行仔细研究tobring...underclosestudy;tostudyupon...需要更详细的研究todemandamoredetailedstudy得到大量研究toreceivemuchstudy对…进行详细研究tomakeascrutinyinto...对…作专门研究toread...up/toreadupon...;tospecializein...对…作动物学上的研究tozoologize...重新开始/恢复对…的研究toresumeone'sstudiesof/on...促进对…的研究tofacilitate/stimulate/promotethestudyof...结束研究tofinish/completeone'sstudies对…有深湛的/精深的研究tobedeeplyreadinsth.是某人的研究范围tobesb.'sprovince研究…的一项惊人成果astartlingpieceofresearchon/into...研究经费aresearchgrant对…没有做深入研究(只触及到…的表面)toscratch/skimthesurfaceof...（三）情景译例精选她正在训练一个准备参加奥林匹克运动会的游泳运动员。SheiscoachingaswimmerfortheOlympics.她有天分,但还需要训练。Shehastalentbutshewillneedcoaching.学外语时，问答练习是很好的训练方法。Inlearningaforeignlanguage,questionandanswerdrillsaregooddisciplines.新兵受到严格的训练。Strictdisciplineisimposedonarmyrecruits.军队训练是为了打仗。Thetrainingoftroopspreparesthemforcombat.要学会身心放松，瑜珈功是一种有效的训练方法。Yogaisagooddisciplineforlearningtorelax.这是一支训练有素的/缺乏训练的足球队。Thisisawell/badlydisciplinedfootballteam.我们的雇员专业性强，训练有素，保证顾客满意。Customerswillbeimpressedbytheexpertiseofourhighlytrainedemployees.她受过公务员职业培训。ShehasbeengroomedforacareerintheCivilService./Shehasbeengroomedasafuturecivilservant.由于地方政府开办的再就业培训，许多下岗职工已重新找到了工作。Manylaid-offworkershavefoundnewjobs,thankstothereemploymentprogramslaunchedbythelocalgovernment.运动员们在早上一起训练。Theplayerswillmeetforapracticeinthemorning.受训的突击队员要参加令人筋疲力尽的突击课程。Traineecommandosareputthroughanexhaustingassaultcourse.中士很快就把新兵训练得规规矩矩。Asergeantsoonknocksnewrecruitsintoshape.他们是在同一处受训的演员。Theyareactorsfromthesamestable.他已经训练他的狗耍些灵巧的把戏。He'staughthisdogsomeclevertricks.科学家把狗训练得每听到铃声就跳。Thescientistconditionedthedogtojumpeachtimeitheardabell.涉及到对…的研究；是有关…的学科tomakeastudy(studies)of/on/into...对…开展研究topursueone'sstudies/undertakestudies从事研究tohinderthestudyof阻碍/妨碍对…的研究tobring...underclosestudy对…进行仔细研究toabandon/giveupthestudyof...放弃对…的研究tofurtherthestudyof...对…做进一步研究Theirstudiesshowthat...(他们经过研究得出…的结论。)toawaitinvestigation有待调查研究tocarryout(make)investigationsinto/of/on...对···进行调查研究toundertakedetailedandcomprehensiveinvestigations从事仔细而全面的调查研究toinitiateaninvestigationinto...开始对…的研究tocallforfurtherinvestigation需要进一步研究tobeunderinvestigation正在研究之中uponinvestigation经调查研究toconductasystematicexaminationof...对···做系统的观察研究tomakeacarefulexaminationof...对…进行仔细的研究翻译用词警示“研究”有两个基本含义，其一是“科学研究；观察/调查研究”；其二是“商讨；考虑”。译成英语用词不一样。例如：“我们再研究研究。”(Wewillreconsiderit.)“这个问题委员会正在研究。”(Thisproblemisunderreview/considerationbythecommittee.)科学家们总是从不同的角度研究一个问题。Scientistsalwaysapproachaproblemfromdifferentangles.人们20多年前就对飞碟进行了探讨。PeoplebegantomakeanapproachtoUFOsmorethan20years.对这一问题进行深入细致的研究之后，她很快找到了一个正确的解决办法。Afteranintensiveattackontheproblemshequicklycametothecorrectsolution.他们奉派深入研究一些社会问题。Theywereassignedtoboneuponsomesocialproblems.他们安顿下来研究这个岛上的植物。Theysettledtobotanizetheisland.他的研究成果使人们对这个问题有了新的认识。Hisfindings