专题02 情态动词（原卷版）

PAGEPAGE1专题02情态动词目录考点聚焦：熟悉课程内容、掌握知识脉络重点速记：知识点全面梳理，掌握必备难点强化：关键点快速记忆，提升能力学以致用：真题感知+过关检测，合理应用情态动词的用法情态动词用法例句can/could表示能力，意为＂能，会＂IcanreadthissentenceinEnglish.我能用英语读这句话。表示许可时，意为＂可以，能够＂，相当于mayShesaidthatIcouldusehercomputer.她说我可以使用她的电脑。用于推测，表示可能性，意为＂可能＂，could比can更加不肯定，多用于否定或疑问句Themancan’tbeourteacher—hehasgonetoBeijing.那个男人不可能是我们的老师，他去北京了。Thereissomeoneoutside—whocanitbe?有人在外面，可能是谁呢？【知识拓展】1.can的一般疑问句，肯定回答用Yes,...can；否定回答用No,...can’t。—Canyouplaythepiano?你会弹钢琴吗?—Yes,Ican.是的，我会。/No,Ican’t不，我不会。2.can，could和beableto的区别：can只有现在式和过去式，而beableto可以用于各种时态；can(could)表示能力时，可用beableto代替。Ican(amableto)affordthecar.我能买得起这辆小汽车。Shehasbeenabletocometoschool.她已经能去学校了Icould(=wasableto)driveacarbeforeIleftschool.毕业前我就会开车。may/might表示允许或许可，意为＂可以＂MayIuseyourphone?我可以用用你的电话吗？表示征询许可时，might比may的语气委婉—MightIaskforaphotographofyourlittledaughter?我能要一张你小女儿的照片吗?—Yes,youmay.是的，你可以。用于表推测时，是＂可能，或许＂之意，might语气更加不肯定，多用于肯定句Hemaybewrong,butI’mnotsure.也许他错了，但我也不确定。Shemightbeverybusynow.她现在可能非常忙。【知识拓展】1.may的一般疑问句，肯定回答用Yes,...may./Yes,ofcourse./Yes,certainly.；否定回答用No,...can’t/mustn’t。—Might/MayIsmokeinthisroom?我可以在这间屋子里抽烟吗?—Yes,youmay.是的，你可以。/No,youcan’t/mustn’t.不，不可以。2.用于表示推测时，may和might一般不用于疑问句，而在疑问句中，常使用can；在否定句中，maynot/mightnot意为＂可能不＂，而can’t/couldn’t意为＂不可能＂。Theyoungpeoplemightnotliketheidea.年轻人可能不喜欢这个主意。Itcan’t/couldn’tbeourheadmaster.HehasgonetoAmerica.那人不可能是我们校长。他已经去美国了。must表示必须，一定要，指说话人的主观语气mustn’t表示禁止，意为＂千万不要，禁止＂，是说话人强有力的劝告Youmustn’tplaywiththeknifeoryoumayhurtyourself.你禁止玩刀否则你可能会伤到自己。表示推测时，用于肯定句，意为＂想必，一定＂，否定句中用can’t/couldn’t来代替Thismustbeyourroom.这一定是你的房间。【知识拓展】1.—MustIcleantheclassroomnow?我必须现在打扫教室吗？—Yes,youmust.是的，你必须。/No,youdon’thaveto./No,youneedn’t.不，你不必。2.must和haveto的区别：①用must表示＂必须＂的意思时，通常着重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要去做某事；而haveto着重于客观需要，含有＂不得不＂的意思。WemuststudyEnglishhard.我们必须努力学习英语。Youareilltoday.Youhavetoseeadoctor.你今天病了，不得不去看医生。②用must表示＂必须＂，只有现在时态的形式，如果要表示过去时或将来时的＂必须＂，就要用haveto的相应形式。Youmustdrivefasttocatchthetime.你必须开车开快点来赶时间。Theywillhavetoleavetomorrowmorning.他们必须明天早晨起程。will表示意志、愿望和决心，常译为＂愿意＂Ifyouwillhelpus,weshallbeverygrateful.如果你愿意帮助我们，我们将不胜感激。用于第二人称疑问句，表示请求或建议等Willyouhavedinnerwithmetonight?今天晚上和我一起吃饭好吗?表示习惯性动作或某种倾向，多用于现在时，常译为＂总是＂Katewillsitthere,waitingforherdaughtertocomeback.凯特总是坐在那儿等女儿回来。would作为will的过去式，可表示过去的意志、愿望或决心等，意为＂愿意＂Hepromisedhewouldneversmokeagain.他承诺他再也不吸烟了。表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向TheirEnglishteacherwouldtellthemstoriesinEnglishafterclass.他们的英语老师总是在课后用英语给他们讲故事。用于第二人称疑问句中，表示现在的请求、建议，比will的语气委婉WouldyoupleasepasstheEnglish-ChinesedictionaryontoMary?请把这本英汉词典传给玛丽好吗?【知识拓展】wouldlike意为＂愿意，想要＂；wouldlike/lovetodosth意为＂愿意/想要做某事＂；wouldlikesbtodosth意为＂想要某人做某事＂。Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?你想喝杯茶吗？Wouldyouliketosingasong?你想唱首歌吗？Iwouldlikeyoutowakemeupat5:30tomorrowmorning.我想让你在明天早晨5:30叫醒我。shall用于第一、三人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见Shallwebeginnow?我们现在就开始吗?’Tomiswaitingoutside.Shallhecomein,sir?汤姆正在门外等着，可以让他进来吗，先生?用于第二、三人称陈述句时，表示命令、警告、允诺或威胁等Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkhard.如果你不努力工作，你就会失败。shouldshall的过去式，用于第一、三人称，多用于间接引语中，以征求对方意见IaskedthemanagerifIshouldhaveafewdaysoff.我问经理我是否可以请几天假。表示义务，职责时，意为＂应当，应该＂，往往表示说话者的观点表示惊讶、遗憾等，意为＂竟然，居然＂need表示＂需要，必须＂，多用于疑问句和否定句Needyougososoon?你需要这么早走吗?Youneedn’tcomesoearly.你不必来这么早。【知识拓展】need的一般疑问句，肯定回答为Yes,...must.；否定回答为No,...needn’t.—Needhefinishthearticlenextweek?他需要下星期完成这篇文章吗?—Yes,hemust.是的，他必须完成。/No,heneedn’t.不，他不需要。haveto表示不得不，说明客观条件只能如此；有时态形式的变化；否定式don’thaveto意为＂不必＂(=needn’t)Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemidnight.我弟弟病得厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。Ihaven’tgotanymoneywithme,soI’llhavetoborrowsomefrommyfriend.我身上没带钱，只好向朋友借点了。1.can和beabletocan表示“能力;许可”,只用于一般现在时和一般过去时，而beableto表示“经过努力而能够做某事”,可用于多种时态。Hecanswim.他会游泳。HewasabletoswimacrosstheEnglishChannellastweek.上周他成功地游过了英吉利海峡。2.must和havetomust侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要;haveto侧重于客观上的需要。IknowImuststudyhard.我知道我必须努力学习。Ihavetowaituntiltherainstops.我不得不等到雨停。3.can与may表示可能性时(1)肯定句中用may表示可能。You'dbetteraskthemonitor.Hemayknow.你最好问班长，他可能知道。(2)在否定句中，若语气肯定，表示“不可能”时用can't;若语气不肯定，表示“可能不”时用maynot.Mr.Lican'tbein.HehasgonetoBeijingforameeting.李先生不可能在家，他去北京开会了。4.maybe和maybemaybe中的may为情态动词，后加动词原形be，在句中作谓语;maybe为副词，意为“大概,也许”,相当于perhaps,常放在句首,作状语。Hemayberight.他可能是对的。Maybeheisright.也许他是对的。Hemayknowthenews.他也许知道这个消息。Maybeheknowsthenews.也许他知道这个消息。5.can’t和mustn’t表示否定推测时应用can’t。mustn't意为“禁止,不允许”,不用来表推测,在肯定句中可用must表推测,意为“一定”。真题感知一、单项选择1．（2023·湖南湘西·统考中考真题）—MustIfinishmyhomeworkbeforeplayingbasketball,Dad?—No,you________.It’suptoyou.A．couldn’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t2．（2023·辽宁鞍山·统考中考真题）—MayIswimintheriver?—No.You________keepawayfromtheriver.Thesignsays“NoSwimming”.A．must B．mustn’t C．need D．can’t3．（2023·辽宁朝阳·统考中考真题）—Students________listentomusicwhiletheyareridingbikesontheroad.—Iagreewithyou.It’stoodangerous.A．don’thaveto B．maynot C．mustn’t D．needn’t4．（2023·内蒙古·统考中考真题）Accordingtothetrafficrules,childrenunder12________ridebicyclesontheroad.A．won’t B．wouldn’t C．needn’t D．mustn’t5．（2023·江苏淮安·统考中考真题）—Sir,mayItakephotoshere?—Sorry,lookatthesign.You________takephotosinthemuseum.A．could B．may C．mustn’t D．needn’t6．（2023·西藏·统考中考真题）—________weprotectthisoldbuilding?—Yes,youmust.Itisourtreasure.A．Must B．Will C．Can D．Could7．（2023·四川甘孜·统考中考真题）—IsTonycomingtothebookshowthisSunday?—I’mnotsure.He________notcome.A．may B．should C．must D．need8．（2023·湖北襄阳·统考中考真题）—DoesthesportswatchbelongtoMary?—It________behers.Sheistheonlyonewhowearsthesportswatchinourclass.A．can’t B．must C．might D．could9．（2023·湖北黄石·统考中考真题）YoungChinesepeople________keepthemotherlandatheart,aimhigh,andhavetheirfeetfirmlyontheground.A．should B．can C．may D．need10．（2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·统考中考真题）Inmostmuseums,thereisnoshoutingandnorunning,andyou________touchanything.A．couldn’t B．can’t C．needn’t D．mustn’t11．（2023·辽宁盘锦·统考中考真题）Tinalostherpetdog.She________beworriedaboutit.A．need B．must C．can’t D．shouldn’t12．（2023·江苏常州·统考中考真题）Whenyouhavefixedthistypeoflock,you________takeakeywithyou.Youcanopenthedoorwithyourfingerprint.A．shouldn’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．can’t13．（2023·辽宁大连·统考中考真题）—________youcookdishes?—Yes,Ican.Buttheyaresimple.A．Can B．Would C．Need D．Could14．（2023·江苏南通·统考中考真题）IfafootballteamwantstoentertheWorldCup,it________becomeamemberofFIFAfirst.A．may B．must C．can D．might15．（2023·湖南邵阳·统考中考真题）—Whatareyougoingtodothisweekend?—I’mnotsure.I________goshopping.A．must B．should C．may16．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题）Inordertokeepourenvironmentcleanandtidy,we________throwrubbishintothebins(垃圾箱).A．mustn’t B．can’t C．must17．（2023·湖南益阳·统考中考真题）—ArethoseJim’sglasses?—They________beJim’sbecausehedoesn’twearglasses.A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t18．（2023·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）Thenewappaboutfashionisreallyfreeandyou________paymoneyforit.A．may B．must C．shouldn’t D．needn’t19．（2023·山东菏泽·统考中考真题）—Whereareyougoingthissummervacation?—I________gotoZibo,butI’mnotsure.A．must B．needn’t C．might20．（2022·甘肃甘南·统考中考真题）—IsthatJackoverthere?—It________behim.Heishavingapianolessonnow.A．can’t B．mightnot C．must二、语法选择（2022·黑龙江·统考中考真题）Therewasonceafarmerwhohadalargefieldofcorn.Heworkedonitwiththe21care,butthecornwasdying22therehadbeennorainforalongtime.Hefeltvery23.Oneday,ashestoodlookingupatthesky,twolittleraindropssawhim.OnesaidtotheOther,“Lookatthatfarmer.Ifeelverysorry24him.Heworkssohardinthefield,butnowit25up.IwishImighthelphim.”“Yes,”saidtheother,”26youareonlyalittleraindrop.Youcan’twet27oneplant.”“Well,”saidthefirst,“IknowI28domuch,butperhapsIcancheerhimalittle.I’llgodowntoshowmysupport,ifIcan’tdo29more.HereIgo!”Thesecondonesaid,“Well,IthinkIcandothat,30.HereIgo!”Sodownwentthetworaindrops.Onefellonthefarmer’snose,andtheotheronathirstyplant.“What’sthat?”Thefarmercried,“31raindrop!Idobelievewe’llhaveashower（阵雨）soon.”Bythistimeotherraindropshadseenwhat32did.Onesaid,“Ifyoutwoaredoingsuchagoodjob,Ishallfollow!”Anddownitwent.“AndI!”said33.“And!”theyallsaid,untilawholeshowerwentdownandthecorn34allbecauseonelittleraindroptrieditsbest35whatitcould.21．A．great B．greater C．greatest22．A．because B．where C．when23．A．sad B．sadder C．sadly24．A．of B．on C．for25．A．dry B．isdrying C．dried26．A．but B．so C．and27．A．just B．only C．even28．A．can’t B．shouldn’t C．needn’t29．A．something B．everything C．anything30．A．also B．too C．either31．A．A B．An C．The32．A．you B．they C．it33．A．others B．theother C．another34．A．save B．saved C．wassaved35．A．do B．todo C．doing三、用所给单词适当形式填空36．（2021·西藏·统考中考真题）Manypeoplebelievethatteenagersshould（allow）tomaketheirowndecisionsinsomeways.37．（2022·江苏南京·统考中考真题）Ifyoudon’ttellmewhattheproblemis,Ican’t(help)you.38．（2023·四川凉山·统考中考真题）Inmyopinion,goodfriendsshould(share)happinessorsadnesswitheachother.39．（2023·黑龙江·统考中考真题）Peter,thefloorisdirty.Couldyouplease(sweep)it?40．（2021·江苏南京·统考中考真题）Youmust(go)tothedoctorbecauseyourtemperatureishigherthanusual.41．（2021·广西百色·统考中考真题）Wemust(deal)withtherubbishcorrectlysothatwecanreuseitbetter.42．（2020·甘肃兰州·中考真题）Wecan’t(run)inthehallwaysatschool.43．（2020·广西百色·统考中考真题）Kidsshouldn't（swim）intheriverwithoutadults.44．（2020·江苏泰州·统考中考真题）—Mum,couldItakeoffmymasktoday?It’salittlehot.—Well,I’mafraidwe(wear)masksforsomemoretime.45．（2020·江苏盐城·统考中考真题）Whenmakingafruitsalad,you'dbetterfreshfruit.（choose）提升专练一、单项选择1．—CouldIhaveawordwithyou,Mum?—Ohdear,ifyou________.A．can B．must C．may D．should2．—MydaughtermasteredJapaneseinlessthantwoyears.—Didshe?She________haveagiftforlanguage.A．must B．might C．should D．can3．—Oh,Ihadaterribletoothache.—You’dbetter________adoctorandhaveyourbadteeth________out.A．tosee;pulling B．see;pulled C．seeing;pulling D．saw;pulled4．—Who________be?It’stoolate.—ItmustbeHenry.A．musthe B．canit C．shouldit5．—Look!ThatisNancy.—That________beher.ShehasgonetoYunnanwithherfamily.A．might B．can’t C．must D．could6．It________havebeenTomthatparkedthecarhere,asheistheonlyonewithacar.A．may B．can C．must7．—Lucy,whichsongwillyouchooseforyourshow?—I________chooseLonelyWarrior(《孤勇者》).I’mnotsure.A．must B．may C．would D．should8．Thebrightlight________beaUFO.Thereisnosuchthing.A．must B．can’t C．might D．mustn’t9．—Iforgottobringmydictionary.CouldIuseyours?—Yes,you________.A．need B．could C．can10．—WangMing,mayIcallyourgrandmahernameinChina?—No,you________,Tom.It’simpolitetodoso.A．mustn’t B．maynot C．needn’t11．—Wilson,________youhelpmecarrytheboxupstairs?—Sure,noproblem.A．could B．should C．might12．—MayIputmybikehere?—No,you________.Itisforthesharedbikes.Putitoverthere,please.A．mustn’t B．won’t C．needn’t13．—Mom,________Ieatthesandwichesnow?—No.Youmustsetthetablefirst.A．must B．may C．should14．—Accordingtoourschoolrules,teenagers________beallowedtosmokeintheschool.—Soitis.Weshouldpayattentiontoteachingthechildrentodevelopgoodhabits.A．shouldn’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t15．Thenovel________beJack’s.Hedoesn’tlikenovelsatall.A．mustn’t B．maynot C．can’t D．needn’t16．—Dad,mustIdomyhomeworknow?—No,you________.Youcanplaygameswithyourfriendsforalittlewhile.A．can’t B．needn’t C．may17．—Ridingtoworkhasbecomepopularnow.—It________be.It’snotonlyconvenientbutalsoagreenwayoflife.A．must B．can C．should18．—TibetanchildrenfromtheChildren’sHomeofYushuQianghai________behappyonChildren’sDay.—That’strue.TheyhadfunvisitingthePalaceMuseuminBeijingA．need B．must C．can’t19．—Onmywaytothebookstore,IsawSallyhangingoutwithhermom.—It________beSally.She’shavingapianolesson.A．mustn’t B．can’t C．needn’t D．won’t20．Youranswer________beright,butI’mgoingtoaskteachertomakesure.A．might B．can’t C．must D．needn’t二、用所给单词适当形式填空21．Studentsmustn’t(be)lateforschool.22．Itisrushhour,soyou’dbetter,Ithink,(notbe)toocareless.23．Thedishwillfourhungrypeople.(service)24．Takingpartinmoresocialactivitiescanourlifeexperiences.(rich)25．Youhavetothetheatreduringthebreaktimewhentheplayison.(entrance)26．It’sreportedthatitisgoingtorain,soyou’dbetter,Ithink,not(go)forapicnictomorrow.27．We’dbetter(noteat)toomuchsweetfood.28．In2050,manykindsofanimalsmayfromourEarthbecauseofpollution.Wemustdosomethingtostopthat.(appear)29．Intheend,mybrothercanonhimselftoperformthejobwell.(independent)30．Youmust(memory)thissecretmessage,andthenburnit.三、语法选择YuanLongping,knownasthe“fatherofhybridrice”,diedattheageof91inChangshainMay2021,31hislegacyliveson,mostrecentlywiththesuccessfuldevelopmentofthe“hugerice”.Itistwiceastallascommonrice32isusuallyaboutonemetertall.In2018,hisspecialtypeofrice33inChongqingfor15mu.Itwasgrown34Mayandharvestedfourmonthslater.Eachmuofthefields35about750—900kilograms.Thistypeofriceisnotonlystrongandtall,butalsoresistanttoflood.Itcan36bringmanynutrientstoplantsnearbyandprovide37goodlivingenvironmentforanimalsinwater.38thewaterinthericefieldsis60-80centimetersdeep,it39evenbeusedtoraisefishes.Fromnextyear,“thegiantrice”willbeplantedin40muoffieldsinChongqing.Yuanoncetoldthereporter41hedreamed:to“enjoythecoolshadebeneathriceplants42thanmen”andtoseehybridricegrownallovertheworldtohelpsolvetheglobalfoodshortage.But43,hecan’tseethisachievement.Manypeoplepostedonlinetopaytribute（致敬）toYuanafter44thesuccessofdevelopingthe“giantrice”,saying“45dreamisgraduallycomin