中考语法总复习 专题01 名词（原卷版）

PAGEPAGE9中考语法总复习专题01名词命题点一名词的数►重点用法概括可数名词有单、复数形式。（一）名词复数形式的规则变化1.一般在名词的结尾加-s，在清辅音后读/s/，在浊辅音和元音后后读/z/。exercise→exercisesdesk→desks2.以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加-es，读/Iz/。watch→watchesbox→boxes3.以＂辅音字母+y＂结尾的词，把y变i，再加-es。factory→factorieslady→ladies4.以f或fe结尾的词，一般把f或fe改为v，加-es。wolf→wolvesknife→knives5.以o结尾的可数名词，有生命的加-es，无生命的加-s。potato→potatoespiano→pianos（二）名词复数的不规则变化1.单复数同形Chinese→Chinesesheep→sheepJapanese→Japanese2.改变元音字母man→menwoman→womenfoot→feettooth→teethpolicewoman→policewomen3.只有复数形式的名词trousersscissorspantsglassesshoes4.其他变化mouse→micechild→children►难点解读（1）名词作定语一般用其单数形式，但man/woman例外。Apaperbag→twopaperbags两个纸袋afootballfan一个球迷→threefootballfans三个球迷amanteacher一个男老师→twomenteachers两个男老师awomanscientist一个女科学家→twowomenscientists两个女科学家►易错点解读国民复数（1）单复数同形：Chinese→Chinese中国人Japanese→Japanese日本人English→English英国人（2）加s的：American→Americans美国人Australian→Australians澳大利亚人Canadian→Canadians加拿大人German→Germans德国人Greek→Greeks希腊人Indian→Indians印度人Russian→Russians俄罗斯人1.（2021·湖北·中考真题）--Tina,whatdoyouoftenhaveforbreakfast?--Iusuallyeat______anddrinksomemilk.

A．twobreadsB．twopieceofbreadsC．twopiecesofbread2.（2020·广西玉林·中考真题）—CanIhelpyou,Madam?—Yes.______please.

A．TwopairofsocksB．TwopairsofsocksC．TwopairsofsockD．Twopairofsock3.（2020·湖南郴州·中考真题）Duringtheepidemic(疫情)many________inourcitywenttoHubeiProvinceasvolunteers.

A．womandoctorB．womandoctorsC．womendoctors4.（2020·贵州黔南·中考真题）About200__________wenttoseetheAsianFashionShowlastnight.

A．GermanB．AustralianC．ChineseD．American5.（易错）（2020·江苏宿迁·中考真题）MrLiuisawiseman，andheoftengivesusafew_____．

A．suggestionsB．adviceC．hobbiesD．knowledge随堂练习随堂练习1.（2021·广西河池·中考真题）—Lisa,couldyouhelpmebuysome________onyourwayhome?—OK,mom.

A．eggB．beefC．bananaD．potato2.—Alice,whichseasondoyoulikebest?Autumn.Thefallen______arelikeathickblanketontheground.Whatbeautifulsceneryitis!

A．leafB．leafsC．leaves3.（2020·湖北恩施·中考真题）Wuhan,oneofthemostimportant________inChina,isfamousfortheYellowCraneTower.

A．citiesB．citysC．city4.（2020·湖南湘西·中考真题）Annietookalotof___________withhermobilephonewhenshevisitedtheGreatWalllastsummerholiday.

A．photoB．photoesC．photos5.（2021·四川广元·中考真题）Threefifthsoftheteachersinourschoolare________.

A．manteachersB．menteachersC．womanteachersD．womenteacher6.（易错）Thethree___________upstairsaretoosmalltohaveenough___________foradoublebed.

A．room；roomB．room；roomsC．rooms；roomD．rooms；rooms7.（2021·安徽·模拟预测）Ihavethreepenpals.Oneis________,andtheothertwoare________.

A．Japanese；AmericaB．Russian；GermenC．Canada；AustralianD．English；Frenchmen8.Manyforeignerscametoourschoollastweek,includingthree___________andfour___________.

A．German,AmericanB．Germans.AmericanC．Germans.AmericansD．German,Americans9.（易错）（2021·山东滨城·二模）Don'tbeafraidtoaskforsome________aboutorderingthemeal.

A．suggestionB．methodC．opinionD．advice命题点二名词所有格►重点用法概括一般构成：一般名词在词尾直接加’s，如Jim’sroom吉姆的房间，Children’sDay儿童节。词尾已有-s的名词，在词尾只加’，如Students’rooms学生们的房间。of构成：无生命的名词的所属关系一般要用介词of短语来构成。如amapofChina，attheendofthisterm。但表时间、距离、世界、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的名词可以直接在词尾加-’s，如fiveminutes’walk。►易错点解读表示两者或两者以上共有的所属关系，在最后一个词的词尾加’s，如JaneandMary’sroom简和玛丽的房间（指两个人共用一个房间）。表示两者或两者以上各自所属关系，在每个词的词尾加’s，如Jane’sandMary’srooms简和玛丽各自的房间（指分别所有）。►难点解读：双重所有格表示所属物的名词前有冠词（a/an），数词（one，two...），不定代词（some，all，any...），常用＂of+’s所有格＂形式，即双重所有格来表示所属关系。aphotoofmysister’s我妹妹的一张照片thisbookofmyclassmate’s我同学的这本书afriendofmine我的一个朋友（of要用物主代词）【例1】.（2020·广西贺州·中考真题）Thewomanwearingapairofglassesis________.

A．LilyandLucy’smother B．Lily’sandLucy’smotherC．Lily’sandLucy’smothers D．LilyandLucy’smothers【例2】（2020·广西梧州·中考真题）Theonlineshopsells________shoesataverygoodprice．

A．childB．child'sC．childrenD．children's【例3】.（易错）（2021·内蒙古·包头市第二十九中学三模）Ihearwewillhavea______holidayin______.

A．twoday's；twoday'stimeB．two-day；twoday'stimeC．two-day；twodays'time D．twodays；two-daytime【例4】.（2021·上海长宁·二模）Angela,afriendof________,willgobacktoherhometowntostudynextterm.

A．I B．meC．myD．mine随堂练习随堂练习1.（2019·青海西宁·中考真题）-Whosejacketsarethese？-Theyare___________.Theysaidtheylostthemyesterday.

A．oursB．LiLeiandLiTao'sC．LiLei'sandLiTao's2.（2021·吉林·长春市宽城区教师进修学校一模）—Fruitjuicecanbeharmfulto________teeth,Cathy.—OK,Iwon’tletthemdrinktoomuch.

A．kidB．kidsC．kid’sD．kids’3.（2021·辽宁·模拟预测）Overonehundredyearsago,theworldrecordforthe______100-metreracewas10.6seconds.

A．manB．man'sC．menD．men's.4.（2021·天津蓟州·二模）Onceaterm,thereisa________meeting,soourparentsandteacherscantalkaboutourprogress.

A．parentsB．parent’sC．parents’D．parent5.（2021·湖南·模拟预测）Afterclimbingfornearlythreehours,weweregladtotake________rest.

A．afewminutesB．afewminutes’C．alittleminutes’6.（2019·广西玉林·中考真题）—Arethose______keys,Jack?—No,theyaren’t.They’reUncle_______.

A．yours;Sam’sB．your;SamC．your;Sam’sD．yours;Sam命题点三名词词义辨析【例1】.（2020·辽宁丹东·中考真题）—Jim,Ihave________infinishingsomuchwork.—Don'tworry.Icanhelpyou.

A．ability B．success C．experience D．difficulty【例2】.（2021·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）Poorsleephasan________onourmemoryandlearning.

A．influence B．introduction C．instruction D．information【例3】.（2021·甘肃天水·中考真题）Iftheweatherisnice,wecouldhavea(n)________inthepark.

A．picnic B．chance C．place D．idea【例4】.（2021·四川达州·中考真题）IfyouwanttobeadoctorlikeZhongNanshan,hardworkisthekeyto________.

A．treasure B．beauty C．success D．health随堂练习随堂练习1.（2021·吉林长春·中考真题）Weusedtobuythingsinthe____________butnowweusuallydoitonline.

A．shopB．museumC．bankD．library2.（2021·甘肃天水·中考真题）Iftheweatherisnice,wecouldhavea(n)________inthepark.

A．picnicB．chance C．place D．idea3.（2020·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Tokeepourcitycleanandbeautiful,the________arealwaysverybusyinthestreet.—Theyshouldberespectedbyallthepeople.

A．driversB．postmen C．firemen D．cleaners4.（2021·江苏盐城·中考真题）YuanLongpingandhisteamhavesolvedtheproblemof________formanypeople.

A．hungerB．health C．pollution D．population5.（2021·贵州黔东南·中考真题）—Mr.Yangrunsatleasthalfanhoureveryday.—Whatagood________!Nowonderhelooksfit.

A．habit B．idea C．rule D．skill6.（2021·湖北硚口·模拟预测）Itwouldbemygreatest________ifIcouldworkattheoperatingtableuntilmydyingday.

A．promiseB．decision C．resolution D．happiness7.（2021·辽宁阜新·中考真题）The________ofthiskindofelectriccarisnothigh,manyyoungpeoplecanaffordit.

A．size B．price C．space D．cloth8.（2020·江苏苏州·中考真题）Idon’tcarehowmanywordsthereareinyourarticle,butthe______ofitreallymatters.

A．abilityB．size C．quality D．energy9.（2020·辽宁大连·中考真题）Ifyouwanttodobetterinplayingthepiano,youneedmore________.

A．technologyB．practiceC．pleasureD．challenge10.（2020·江苏泰州·中考真题）—Wehaveenteredaworldwhererobotoperationsbecometruewith5Gtechnology.—Hardtobelieve!Scientistsarefullof________whichleadstogreatchangesinourlife.

A．attractionB．invention C．position D．contribution11.（2020·辽宁阜新·中考真题）MissGaooftenadvisesweshouldsearchforsome________ontheInternetaboutscience.

A．instructionB．introduction C．informationD．invention12.（2020·山东莱芜·中考真题）Lisawassocareless(粗心的)thatshemademanyspelling________inherhomework.

A．plans B．decisions C．grades D．mistakes13.（2020·湖北襄阳·中考真题）—What’syourbrother’s___________?—It’sabout1.75meters.He’sthetallestinhisclass.

A．age B．address C．weight D．height14.（2020·内蒙古兴安盟·中考真题）—CouldIsmokehere?—Sorry.Iamafraidyoucan't.Lookatthe________“Nosmoking”.

A．subject B．opinion C．sign D．spirit15.（2021·上海杨浦·三模）Howmuch________inthatlesson