湖南省益阳市2023-2024学年高三上学期期末英语试卷（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省益阳市2023-2024学年高三上学期期末英语试卷第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AOverthepastdecade,moreandmoretravelershavebeenembracingtheideaofslowtravel.Oneofthemostpopularmethodsofslowtravel,ifyouhavethetime,isbyrail.Hereareourpicksforsomeofthebesttrainridesintheworld.TheGlacierExpressTheGlacierExpresstakesmorethaneighthourstocrossthe180-milejourneybetweenZermattandSt.MoritzinSwitzerlandatanaverageof18mph.TheclassicredtrainjourneybringsyoutoEurope’smountainsattheirverybest—withviewsofsnow-coveredforestsandpeaksincluded!TheNilgiriMountainRailwayRunningthroughTamilNaduState,thetrainistheslowestinIndiaduetoanextremelysteepgradientontheroute.Ittakesnearlyfivehourstocoveradistanceof46km.ClearlynobodyusestheNMRtogetfromAtoB,butforthesheerjoyofridinginatrainthatpassesthrough16tunnels,250bridgesand208steepcurvesontherichlybiodiverseWesternGhatsmountainrange.No.6063/6064Withalengthof257kilometers,thehighlypopular“small-and-slowtrain”routewindsthroughtheQinlingMountains,linking13stationsatthehighestcostof39.5yuan.Villagerstakethetraintoselltheirvegetablesinnearbycountiestoaddtotheirfamilies’income.Helpingpovertyalleviationandcarryingstudentstoschools,therailline,runningforover60years,isaguaranteeofandwitnesstothewishforabetterlifeofthepeoplealongitsroute.RoyalScotsmanWiththefulllengthof1930kilometers,theRoyalScotsmanmarriesEdwardianelegancewiththecomfortsofafive-starcountryhouse.Thetrainincludeselegantlounges,comfortablesuites,andanopenobservationdeck.The9-coachtraincarriesajust36passengersmaximumwithapassengertostaffratioof1:3.OneofthecoachesistheamazingBamfordSpaofferingsomethingofapalaceonwheels.1.WhydopeoplechoosetheNilgiriMountainRailway?A.Toviewthesnow-coveredforests.B.Totravelfromoneplacetoanother.C.Toexperiencetheamusementofriding.D.TostudythegeographyoftheWesternGhats.2.Whichtraincanwetaketoexperiencevillagers’slowlife?A.TheGlacierExpress. B.No.6063/6064.C.TheNilgiriMountainRailway. D.RoyalScotsman.3.WhatisRoyalScotsmanspecialabout?A.Itsluxury. B.Itsroute. C.Itshistory. D.Itsconvenience.【答案】1.D2.B3.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章为想慢旅行的旅行者介绍了四个世界上最好的火车之旅。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据TheNilgiriMountainRailway中的“ClearlynobodyusestheNMRtogetfromAtoB,butforthesheerjoyofridinginatrainthatpassesthrough16tunnels,250bridgesand208steepcurvesontherichlybiodiverseWesternGhatsmountainrange.(很明显，没有人使用尼尔吉里铁路从A点到达B点，而是为了在生物多样性丰富的西高止山脉上穿越16条隧道、250座桥梁和208个陡峭弯道的火车上享受纯粹的乐趣)”可知，人们选择尼尔吉里铁路通常是为了研究西高止山脉的自然地理，享受欣赏丰富生物多样性的乐趣。故选D项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据No.6063/6064中的“Villagerstakethetraintoselltheirvegetablesinnearbycountiestoaddtotheirfamilies’income.(村民们乘火车到附近的县里卖蔬菜，增加家庭收入)”可知，在6063/6063号列车上人们可以体验去卖蔬菜的村民的慢生活。故选B项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据RoyalScotsman中的“Withthefulllengthof1930kilometers,theRoyalScotsmanmarriesEdwardianelegancewiththecomfortsofafive-starcountryhouse.Thetrainincludeselegantlounges,comfortablesuites,andanopenobservationdeck.(全长1930公里，苏格兰皇家列车将爱德华时代的优雅与五星级乡村别墅的舒适结合在一起。火车包括优雅的休息室，舒适的套房，和一个开放的观景台)”可知，苏格兰皇家列车的特别之处在于其豪华程度，它的配置兼具优雅和五星级的舒适。故选A项。BCyclinghasbecomemorethanahabitfor“GrannyMave,”asMavisPatersonisknown.Ithasbecomeessentialforherverybeing,herveryreasonforlivingafterallthreeofheradultchildrenpassedawaywithinfouryearsofeachother—Sandyin2012,Katiein2013andBobin2016.Itwasinmemoryofherchildrenthatthe85-year-oldgrandmothersetoutonherlatestendurancechallengeinMay,cycling1,000milesaroundScotland,beginningfromtheMullofGalloway,beforeheadingnorth,tracingtheoutlineofthecountryuntilshereachedtheMullofGallowayagain.“IfIdidn’thavemybicycle,andthisisterribletosay,Idon’tthinkIwouldwanttolive,”shetoldCNNSport.PatersoncycledeverydayforamontharoundScotland,navigatingitsundulating(起伏的)landscape,exposedroadsandunpredictableweather.Everyday,shewokeupearlyandsetoutriding—coveringupto50milesaday—andraisingmoneyforBritish-basedcharityMacmillanCancerSupport.Cyclinghasprovidedsomecomfort,somewayforhertocopewithunimaginableloss.Allalongtheroute,Patersonrecalledothercyclistscomingouttokeephercompany,offering“terrificsupport,”someofthemridingwithherforseveraldaysatatime.SuchsupportwasaconstantthroughoutPaterson’sodyssey(跋涉)acrossScotland,endinginacrowdatthefinishlinewhohadgatheredtocheerheron.“Iknowpeoplehavegotontheirbikesandthought,‘Ifthatoldladycandoit,Icandoit.’Andalsopeoplewhohavebeenabitdepressedandthought,‘Ohgosh,Ishouldn’tbelikethis.LookatpoorMave,she’slostallherchildren.’Soalotofpeoplehavetakenupcyclingbecauseofmycycleridesandjustinspiredpeopleapparently,”shesaid.4.WhydidPatersonstarthercyclingaroundScotland?A.Tokeepexerciseandimproveherhealth.B.Totakeupthehobbyofherthreechildren.C.Torecoverfromthedeathofherchildren.D.TobetheoldestladytoridearoundScotland.5.WhatcanwesayaboutthecyclingaroundScotland?A.Itishighlyprofitableandwell-received.B.Itrequiresgreateffortanddetermination.C.Itneedsprofessionaltrainingandequipment.D.Itaimstoraisemoneyforthedisabledpeople.6.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.ThesupportPatersonaskedothersfor.B.SomeachievementsPatersonachieved.C.ThechallengesPatersonsetforherself.D.ThefriendshipPatersongotalongtheway.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribePaterson?A.Acyclist. B.Asponsor. C.Ahopelessmother. D.Aninspiration.【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了上了年纪的MavisPaterson骑行的故事，她通过骑行从自己的孩子相继去世的悲痛中恢复过来，还在骑行过程中为慈善机构筹集善款，她在沿途中也收获了友谊，并成为激励他人的人物。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Cyclinghasbecomemorethanahabitfor“GrannyMave,”asMavisPatersonisknown.Ithasbecomeessentialforherverybeing,herveryreasonforlivingafterallthreeofheradultchildrenpassedawaywithinfouryearsofeachother(骑自行车已经不仅仅是被称为“Mave奶奶”的MavisPaterson的一种习惯。在她的三个成年子女相继在四年内去世后，这已经成为她生存的必要条件和理由)”可知，Paterson开始骑自行车环游苏格兰是为了从她的孩子相继去世中恢复过来。故选C项。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中“PatersoncycledeverydayforamontharoundScotland,navigatingitsundulating(起伏的)landscape,exposedroadsandunpredictableweather.(Paterson连续一个月每天骑车环绕苏格兰，穿梭于起伏的地形、裸露的道路和变幻莫测的天气之中)”可知，骑行苏格兰需要面对不太理想的自然环境，地形、道路状况、天气都不是很有利于骑行。由此可知，这需要很大的努力和决心。故选B项。【6题详析】主旨大意题。根据第五段中“Allalongtheroute,Patersonrecalledothercyclistscomingouttokeephercompany,offering“terrificsupport,”someofthemridingwithherforseveraldaysatatime.SuchsupportwasaconstantthroughoutPaterson’sodyssey(跋涉)acrossScotland,endinginacrowdatthefinishlinewhohadgatheredtocheerheron.(Paterson回忆说，一路上，其他骑自行车的人都出来陪伴她，提供“极好的支持”，其中一些人一次和她一起骑了好几天。在Paterson穿越苏格兰的跋涉中，这样的支持一直持续着，直到在终点线的人群聚集在一起为她加油)”可知，本段主要描述了Paterson骑行过程中收获的友谊，有些人陪着她一起骑行，还有人在终点处为她加油。故选D项。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中Paterson所说的话“Iknowpeoplehavegotontheirbikesandthought,‘Ifthatoldladycandoit,Icandoit.’Andalsopeoplewhohavebeenabitdepressedandthought,‘Ohgosh,Ishouldn’tbelikethis.LookatpoorMave,she’slostallherchildren.’Soalotofpeoplehavetakenupcyclingbecauseofmycycleridesandjustinspiredpeopleapparently(我知道人们骑上自行车后会想，‘如果那个老太太能做到，我也能做到。’还有一些人有些沮丧，他们会想，‘哦，天哪，我不应该这样。看看可怜的Mave，她失去了所有的孩子。’所以很多人都开始骑自行车了，因为我骑自行车，这显然激励了人们)”可知，Paterson的骑行经历激励了一些人尝试骑行，也让一些沮丧的人恢复精神，对他们起到了激励的作用。因此，她是个鼓舞人心的人。故选D项。COnenighttwomillenniaago,aHanDynastygeneralsentasquare-shapedcollectionofbambooandclothintotheairaboveenemyterritoryincentralChina.Hewastryingtomeasurehowmuchearthhismenwouldneedtotunnelthroughtoteartheirenemies’defenseline.Itisoneofthemostfamousearlystoriesofkite-flying.SimilardeviceswerelaterusedbyotherChinesearmies;theylaunchedthemafterdarkinwhippingwindsinhopesthatthenoisewouldscareoffenemies,andusedthemtodeliverthreatsviamissives(信函)tiedtothekites’tails.Today,ofcourse,thesedelicateaircraft—builtfromlightwoodorplasticframesshapedtocreatelift,coveredinathinmaterialsuchaspaperorsilk,andpilotedvialongstrings—areconsideredastoys.Inthe1990sandearly2000s,kite-flyingexperiencedaboomintheAmericanWestandpartsofEurope,dueinparttothepopularizationofkitessurfing.Groupsofkitersbegantotakeinterestinitslore(知识).Thusawaveofyoungerartistshavebeeninspiredtopioneernewforms.InAustria,AnnaRubin,oftenemploysancientmethodsforherart,includinghand-splittingthebamboofortheframesandusinghand-pressednaturalfibrestocoverthem.Shewantstocarryontraditionsshefearsmaybelostbyaculturefixatedonthefuture,butshe’sequallyinspiredbythejoyofwork.“Everyoneshould,onceintheirlife,makeakiteandflyit,”shesays.AndinNewYork,visualartistsJacobHashimoto,assemblesmassiveinstallationsfromdozensofpalm-sizekitestohangfromtheceilingofhisstudioorgallery.Heinherited(继承)hisinterestinkite-makingfromhisfather.“Thekite-makingisapan-culturalpracticethatmakesitabeautiful,democraticthing,”hesays.“Inmanyways,it’saglobalproperty—weallowntherelationshipbetweenusandthesky.”Theirworkisareminderthatkitesofferusameanstodefygravity.Inthehandsawillingflier,theygiveusawayupandout.8.WhatwasthekiteusedforinancientChina?A.Atoolofwarfare. B.Akindofrecreation.C.Asignofgoodluck. D.Awayofcommunication.9.Whataretoday’skiteslike?A.Theyarelightlystructured. B.TheyarewidelyusedinEurope.C.TheyarelesspopularinChina. D.Theyareconsideredasascience.10.WhatmadeAnnakeepthetraditionofkite-making?A.ThepopularityofkitesinAustria.B.HerenthusiasminChineseculture.C.Herfather’sencouragementandsupport.D.Itspleasureandhersenseofresponsibility.11.WhydoestheauthormentionAnnaandJacob?A.Toremindusthatkiteswilllosetheirculturalvalueinthefuture.B.Totellussomeyoungartistsaretakingkite-makingtonewheights.C.Tolistsomeexamplesofthedifficultiespromotingkitesintheworld.D.Toshowthatonlyafewpeopleconsiderkitesworthyofpreservation.【答案】8.A9.A10.D11.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了风筝的历史、发展和现代应用，特别强调了风筝作为一种文化和艺术形式的价值。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“SimilardeviceswerelaterusedbyotherChinesearmies;theylaunchedthemafterdarkinwhippingwindsinhopesthatthenoisewouldscareoffenemies,andusedthemtodeliverthreatsviamissives(信函)tiedtothekites’tails.(类似的装置后来被其他中国军队使用；他们在天黑后冒着大风放风筝，希望声音能吓跑敌人，并把它们绑在风筝的尾巴上，通过它们来传递威胁)”可知，在中国古代风筝是战争工具。故选A项。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Today,ofcourse,thesedelicateaircraft—builtfromlightwoodorplasticframesshapedtocreatelift,coveredinathinmaterialsuchaspaperorsilk,andpilotedvialongstrings—areconsideredastoys.(当然，今天，这些精致的飞行器——由轻质木材或塑料框架制成，可以产生升力，覆盖着薄材料，如纸或丝绸，并通过长绳操控——被认为是玩具)”可知，现在的风筝制作材料得到改良，结构轻盈。故选A项。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Shewantstocarryontraditionsshefearsmaybelostbyaculturefixatedonthefuture,butshe’sequallyinspiredbythejoyofwork.(她担心我们着眼于未来的文化可能会让这一传统消失，她想要延续传统，但工作的乐趣同样激励着她)”可推知，安娜想要延续传统，这体现了一种责任，同时，她从制作风筝中找到了乐趣。所以是乐趣和她的责任感让安娜保持做风筝的传统。故选D项。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Thusawaveofyoungerartistshavebeeninspiredtopioneernewforms.InAustria,AnnaRubin,oftenemploysancientmethodsforherart,includinghand-splittingthebamboofortheframesandusinghand-pressednaturalfibrestocoverthem.(因此，一批年轻的艺术家受到启发，开创了新的艺术形式。在奥地利，安娜·鲁宾经常采用古老的方法进行艺术创作，包括手工劈开竹子制作框架，并用手工压制的天然纤维覆盖框架)”和第五段中“AndinNewYork,visualartistsJacobHashimoto,assemblesmassiveinstallationsfromdozensofpalm-sizekitestohangfromtheceilingofhisstudioorgallery.Heinherited(继承)hisinterestinkite-makingfromhisfather.(在纽约，视觉艺术家雅各布·桥本将几十只手掌大小的风筝组装成大型装置，挂在他的工作室或画廊的天花板上。他从父亲那里继承了制作风筝的兴趣)”可知，安娜通过使用古老的方法和手工制作的材料来保持传统，而雅各布则通过创作大型风筝装置艺术来扩展风筝的艺术表现形式。这些例子说明了风筝制作不仅仅是一种传统的娱乐或工具，而且可以被年轻艺术家们创新和提升，将其制作推向新的高度。故选B项。DVitaminCforacold?AgooddoseofVitaminDonasunnyday?Weallknowthatvitaminsarecriticalforourhealth,buthowdidtheygettheirnamesandwhenweretheydiscoveredinthefirstplace?AmericannutritionscientistElmerMcCullumconductedavarietyoffeedexperimentswithdifferentanimalpopulationsanddiscoveredthatan“accessory”substancecontainedinsomefatswasessentialtogrowth.Thatfat-soluble(脂溶的)substancebecameknownasVitamin“A”for“accessory.”McCollumandothersalsoconductedfurtherexperimentswithrice-bran-derivednutrient,namingitVitamin“B”afterberiberi,whichcancauseheartfailureandalossofsensationinthelegsandfeet.Eventually,itturnedoutthatthesubstanceknownasVitaminBwasacomplexofeightwater-solublevitamins,whichwereeachgivenindividualnamesandnumberedinorderofdiscovery.Thecustomofnamingvitaminsalphabeticallyinorderofdiscoverycontinued.Today,fourfat-solublevitamins(A,D,E,andK)andninewater-solublevitamins(VitaminCandtheeightBvitamins)areconsideredessentialtohumangrowthandhealth.Onlyonevitaminbuckedtheoh-so-logicalnamingsystem:VitaminK,discoveredbyDanishresearcherCarlPeterHenrikDamin1929.ThesubstanceshouldhavebeeninlinetobecalledVitaminFgivenitsdiscoverydate.ButDam’sresearchrevealedthatthevitaminisessentialforbloodcoagulation(凝固)—knownasKoagulationintheGermanjournalthatpublishedhisresearch—andhisabbreviationforthevitaminsomehowstuck.It’sbeendecadessincethelastessentialvitamin—VitaminB12—wasdiscoveredin1948.Itnowappearsunlikelythatscientistswilleverdiscoveranewessentialvitamin.Butevenifthere’snoVitaminForGinourfuture,thatdoesn’tmeannutritionaldiscoveryhasstoppedcompletely.Ifthegoldenageofvitamindiscoverywasanappetizer(开胃菜)ofsorts,scientistsaredevotedtothemaincourse—arapidlyevolvingunderstandingofthewaysfoodshapesourlives,onemicroscopicsubstanceatatime.12.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2andparagraph3?A.VitaminAisawater-solublesubstance.B.VitaminBwasnamedafterakindofdisease.C.TheeightBvitaminsgotnamesfromtheirfunctions.D.ThesubjectsofMcCullum’sexperimentsarehome.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bucked”meaninparagraph4?A.Created. B.Destroyed. C.Broke. D.Followed.14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardnutritionresearch?A.Indifferent. B.Unclear. C.Doubtful. D.Confident.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?A.HowDoVitaminsInfluenceOurHealth?B.WhoDiscoveredVariousVitaminsforUs?C.WhyIsThereaVitaminKbutNoVitaminF?D.HowManyVitaminsAreStillLefttoBeDiscovered?【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了维生素的名称由来和被发现的过程，说明其命名是按发现的先后顺序编号的，并解释了维生素K没有按该逻辑被命名为维生素F的原因。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“McCollumandothersalsoconductedfurtherexperimentswithrice-bran-derivednutrient,namingitVitamin“B”afterberiberi,whichcancauseheartfailureandalossofsensationinthelegsandfeet.(McCollum和其他人还对米糠衍生的营养物质进行了进一步的实验，并将其命名为维生素“B”，以脚气病命名，这种病会导致心力衰竭，腿部和脚部感觉丧失)”可知，维生素B是以脚气病这种疾病命名的。故选B项。【13题详析】词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文“theoh-so-logicalnamingsystem:VitaminK,discoveredbyDanishresearcherCarlPeterHenrikDamin1929.ThesubstanceshouldhavebeeninlinetobecalledVitaminFgivenitsdiscoverydate.ButDam’sresearchrevealedthatthevitaminisessentialforbloodcoagulation(凝固)—knownasKoagulationintheGermanjournalthatpublishedhisresearch—andhisabbreviationforthevitaminsomehowstuck.(太有逻辑的命名系统：维生素K，由丹麦研究员CarlPeterHenrikDam于1929年发现。考虑到它的发现日期，这种物质应该被称为维生素F。但Dam的研究表明，这种维生素对血液凝固至关重要——在发表他的研究的德国杂志上被称为Koagulation——他对这种维生素的缩写不知何故被沿用了下来)”可知，此处解释维生素K没有按照之前的逻辑被命名为维生素F的原因。由此可知，维生素K实际上是违背了原先太有逻辑的命名系统，画线词意思应该与broke“违反，违背”相近。故选C项。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Butevenifthere’snoVitaminForGinourfuture,thatdoesn’tmeannutritionaldiscoveryhasstoppedcompletely.Ifthegoldenageofvitamindiscoverywasanappetizer(开胃菜)ofsorts,scientistsaredevotedtothemaincourse—arapidlyevolvingunderstandingofthewaysfoodshapesourlives,onemicroscopicsubstanceatatime.(但即使未来没有维生素F或G，也不意味着营养学的发现已经完全停止了。如果说维生素发现的黄金时代是某种开胃菜，那么科学家们正致力于主菜——对食物如何塑造我们生活的快速发展的理解，一次一种微观物质)”可知，作者认为营养学的发现仍在进行，现在进行的研究甚至比维生素发现的黄金时代更为重要，可以帮助理解食物如何塑造我们生活。由此可知，作者对营养学的研究充满信心。故选D项。【15题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Weallknowthatvitaminsarecriticalforourhealth,buthowdidtheygettheirnamesandwhenweretheydiscoveredinthefirstplace?(我们都知道维生素对我们的健康至关重要，但它们的名字是怎么来的，又是什么时候被发现的呢)”可知，文章主要围绕维生素的名称由来和被发现的过程展开，说明其命名是按发现的先后顺序编号的，并解释了维生素K没有按该逻辑被命名为维生素F的原因。因此，C项“为什么有维生素K却没有维生素F？”以问题的形式吸引读者对维生素名称由来的好奇，抓住了文章的关键信息，最适合作为标题。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thesecrettostressrelief:Whyrestisn’tawasteoftimeStressisamodernepidemic,butamongallthestressmanagementstrategiesweareforgettingoneessentialremedy(疗法)—takingtimeforrest.Foralongtime,psychologistsfocusedalmostexclusivelyonwhatwentonbetweenourears.___16___Thatwasthefieldofmedicaldoctors,physiotherapistsandgyminstructors.Recently,however,therehasbeenagrowingrealizationthatthebodyandmindaredeeplyconnectedwitheachother.Themostrecentinsightshaverevealedthatourmentalhealthisdeterminedtoalargeextentbyourphysicalcondition.Studieshaveshownthatourbrainprocesses“psychological”pain—suchasthekindthatarisesoutofsocialexclusion—thesamewayitdoesphysicalpain.___17___It’sapparentthatthereisnocleardivisionbetweenbodyandmindinthecaseofstress.Yousuffermorefromstresswhenyouaresufferingfromaflu.Ifyouhaveabadnight’ssleep,everythingismorestressfulthenextday.Butgoodnewsisthatyoucancombatitbylookingafteryourbody.___18___Ahealthysleepingpatternalsooffersprotectionagainsallkindsofpsychologicaldisorders,andahealthydietisknowntoreducestress.Whenyoudecidetodosomethingaboutyourstresslevels,itdoesn’tnecessarilymeanyouhavetoturnyourwholelifeupsidedown—quityourjob,movetoanothercountryandsoforth.___19___Momentsofrestandrelaxationoughttooccupyamoresignificantplaceinourlives.Theseimportantmomentsshouldnotberegardedasakindof“breather”inbetweenjobsbutasanaturalandfundamentalpartofourwayoflife.___20___Weneedtoseeitascrucialtimethatweusetobuildupourreserves.Itisonlywhenwefullyembracerestthatwewillbeabletotakeastandagainststressandburnout.A.Thebodywasnottheirresponsibility.B.Thefirststepistotakebettercareofyourbody,instead.C.Infact,youcaneventakeanaspirinforthatkindofpain.D.Forexample,physicalexercisehelpstorelievedepression.E.Youshouldaskifthehealthproblemsarecausedbystress.F.Theyallconcentrateonlyonanxiety,depressionandassuch.G.Gettingenoughrestisnotjustsomethingweshoulddowhenweareexhausted.【答案】16.A17.C18.D19.B20.G【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了休息对于缓解压力的重要性，并强调了身心之间的联系。【16题详析】上文“Foralongtime,psychologistsfocusedalmostexclusivelyonwhatwentonbetweenourears.(很长一段时间以来，心理学家几乎只关注我们耳朵之间发生的事情)”提出心理学家只关注“耳朵之间发生的事情”，即“大脑里发生的事情”，A项“Thebodywasnottheirresponsibility.(身体不是他们的责任)”与上文语意一致，说明心理学家只关心大脑，不关心身体。同时下文“Thatwasthefieldofmedicaldoctors,physiotherapistsandgyminstructors.(那是医生、理疗师和健身教练的领域)”说明心理学家认为“身体”是医生、理疗师和健身教练的领域，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。【17题详析】上文“Studieshaveshownthatourbrainprocesses“psychological”pain—suchasthekindthatarisesoutofsocialexclusion—thesamewayitdoesphysicalpain.(研究表明，我们的大脑处理“心理”疼痛——比如由于社会排斥而产生的疼痛——的方式与处理身体疼痛的方式相同)”提出大脑处理“心理”疼痛的身体疼痛的方式相同，C项“Infact,youcaneventakeanaspirinforthatkindofpain.(事实上，你甚至可以吃一片阿司匹林来缓解这种疼痛)”承接上文，指出吃阿司匹林这种缓解身体疼痛的方式也可以用来缓解“心理”疼痛，与上文语意一致，前后文语意连贯。故选C项。【18题详析】下文“Ahealthysleepingpatternalsooffersprotectionagainsallkindsofpsychologicaldisorders,andahealthydietisknowntoreducestress.(健康的睡眠模式也可以预防各种心理障碍，健康的饮食可以减轻压力)”中例举了几种预防各种心理障碍和缓解压力的方式，结合句中“also”可知，上下文之间是并列关系，说明上文中会提到一种方式。D项“Forexample,physicalexercisehelpstorelievedepression.(例如，体育锻炼有助于缓解抑郁)”提出体育锻炼有助于缓解抑郁，与下文构成并列关系。同时这些举例照应前文“Butgoodnewsisthatyoucancombatitbylookingafteryourbody.(但好消息是，你可以通过照顾好自己的身体来对抗它)”，是对其中如何“照顾好自己的身体”的举例说明。故选D项。【19题详析】上文“Whenyoudecidetodosomethingaboutyourstresslevels,

itdoesn’tnecessarilymeanyouhavetoturnyourwholelifeupsidedown—quityourjob,movetoanothercountryandsoforth.(当你决定对你的压力水平做些什么时，这并不意味着你必须彻底改变你的生活——辞职，搬到另一个国家等等)”否定了一些极端的做法，B项“Thefirststepistotakebettercareofyourbody,instead.(相反，第一步是更好地照顾你的身体)”与上文构成转折关系，给出正确的建议，下文“Momentsofrestandrelaxationoughttooccupyamoresignificantplaceinourlives.(休息和放松的时刻应该在我们的生活中占据更重要的位置)”承接B项，说明如何更好地照顾你的身体，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。【20题详析】根据指代关系和下文“Weneedtoseeitascrucialtimethatweusetobuildupourreserves.(我们需要将其视为建立储备的时间)”中指示代词“it”可推知，设空句应出现其指代对象，G项“Gettingenoughrestisnotjustsomethingweshoulddowhenweareexhausted.(得到足够的休息不仅仅是我们在疲惫的时候应该做的事情)”中“Gettingenoughrest”即其指代对象，是下文所说的“建立储备的时间”，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。TemplerwasatourguideinZimbabwe,leadingacanoe(皮划艇)safaridowntheZambeziRiver.Duringtheexpedition,Templer’scanoe___21___theway,withtheothertwocanoestofollow.Thingsweregoingthewaytheyweresupposedtogo.Everyonewashavingaprettygoodtime.Eventually,they___22___adozenhippos,whichwereterritorialanimals.That’snot___23___ontheZambezi,Africa’sfourth-longestriver.Theyweren’talarmedatfirstastheywereatasafe___24___.Templertriedtosteer(率领)thegroupsafelyaroundthem.However,thethirdcanoewasofftheplanned___25___andwasattackedbyanaggressivehippo.TheguidenamedEvansonthecanoefellintothewater.Templerwentto___26___him.HewasgettingclosertoEvans.Hewas___27___—itwaskindofamade-for-Hollywoodmovie—Evanswasreachingup.Their___28___almosttouched.Andthenthewaterbetweenthemjust___29___.Beforeheknewit,Templerwasuptohiswaistdownahippo’sthroat.Hislegsweretrappedbuthishandswere____30____.Sohetriedtoholdontothehippo’stusks(长牙)to____31____beingtornapart.Thehippomusthavebeenuncomfortablebecauseitspathimout.Sohequicklybursttothe____32____,andbreathedsomefreshair.Withothers’help,TemplerandEvansmadeitoutoftheriver.Despitetheunpleasantexperience,Templer____33____toworkasatourguide.Healsobecameanadvocateforhippo____34____,recognizingthattheanimalswerenotinherentlyaggressivebutwere____35____defendingtheirterritory.21.A.made B.found C.led D.wound22.A.encountered B.interrupted C.saved D.killed23.A.unfortunate B.unexpected C.uncertain D.unnecessary24.A.speed B.angle C.vision D.distance25.A.line B.control C.course D.duty26.A.watch B.comfort C.stop D.rescue27.A.leaningover B.turningaway C.lookingup D.calmingdown28.A.hearts B.fingers C.heads D.thoughts29.A.appeared B.flowed C.froze D.erupted30.A.free B.empty C.hurt D.skinny31.A.risk B.avoid C.permit D.finish32.A.surface B.bottom C.bank D.sky33.A.hoped B.continued C.refused D.hesitated34.A.habitat B.safety C.conservation D.suffering35.A.readily B.finally C.casually D.simply【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.D25.C26.D27.A28.B29.D30.A31.B32.A33.B34.C35.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了导游坦普勒在赞比亚带领皮划艇队游猎时遭遇河马的一次惊险经历。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这次探险中，坦普勒的独木舟走在前面带路，另外两只独木舟跟在后面。A.made制造；B.found发现；C.led带路；D.wound受伤。根据上文“Templerwasatourguide”和下文“withtheothertwocanoestofollow.”可知，坦普勒是导游，所以他的独木舟在前面带路。故选C项。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，他们遇到了十几头河马，它们是领地动物。A.encountered遭遇；B.interrupted中断；C.saved拯救；D.killed杀死。根据第三段中“Templertriedtosteer(率领)thegroupsafelyaroundthem.However,thethirdcanoewasofftheplannedandwasattackedbyanaggressivehippo.”可知，他们遇到了河马。故选A项。【23题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这在非洲第四大河赞比西河上并不意外。A.unfortunate不幸的；B.unexpected意外的；C.uncertain不确定的；D.unnecessary不必要的。结合常识和下文“ontheZambezi,Africa’sfourth-longestriver”可推知，赞比西河是非洲第四大河，所以在河中遇到河马并不意外；notunexpected“并不是意外”。故选B项。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们一开始并没有惊慌，因为他们在一个安全的距离。A.speed速度；B.angle角度；C.vision视觉；D.distance距离。根据上文“Theyweren’talarmedatfirst”可推知，因为与河马之间有一个安全的距离，所以他们并不惊慌。故选D项。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，第三艘独木舟偏离了计划的路线，被一头好斗的河马袭击了。A.line线；B.control控制；C.course路线；D.duty职责。根据下文“wasattackedbyanaggressivehippo”可推知，第三艘独木舟偏离了计划的安全路线，遭到河马袭击。故选C项。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：坦普勒去救他。A.watch观察；B.comfort安慰；C.stop停止；D.rescue救援。根据上文“TheguidenamedEvansonthecanoefellintothewater”和下文“HewasgettingclosertoEvans.”可知，坦普勒要去救落水的埃文斯。故选D项。【27题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他俯下身子——这有点像好莱坞电影——埃文斯伸出手来。A.leaningover俯身；B.turningaway转身离开；C.lookingup抬头看；D.calmingdown冷静下来。根据下文“Evanswasreachingup”可推知，独木舟里的坦普勒俯身去拉伸出手的埃文斯。故选A项。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的手指几乎碰在了一起。A.hearts心脏；B.fingers手指；C.heads头；D.thoughts思想。根据上文“Evanswasreachingup.”可知，埃文斯伸出手，坦普勒要去拉他，所以是他们的手指几乎碰在了一起。故选B项。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他们之间的水就炸开了。A.appeared出现；B.flowed流动；C.froze冻结；D.erupted爆发。根据下文“Beforeheknewit,Templerwasuptohiswaistdownahippo’sthroat.”可推知，在坦普勒就要够到埃文斯的时候，水面炸开了，因为河马咬到了埃文斯。故选D项。【30题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的腿被困住了，但双手是自由的。A.free自由；B.empty空的；C.hurt受伤；D.skinny瘦的。根据下文“Sohetriedtoholdontothehippo’stusks”可知，埃文斯的腿被咬住，但手是自由的，可以去抓河马的牙。故选A项。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以他试图抓住河马的牙，以免被撕扯开。A.risk冒险；B.avoid避免；C.permit允许；D.finish完成。根据下文“beingtornapart”可推知，埃文斯抓河马的牙是为了避免被河马撕开。故选B项。【32题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：于是，他迅速浮出水面，呼吸了一些新鲜空气。A.surface水面；B.bottom底部；C.bank银行；D.sky天空。根据下文“breathedsomefreshair”可知，埃文斯浮出水面呼吸空气。故选A项。【33题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管有不愉快的经历，坦普勒还是继续当导游。A.hoped希望；B.continued继续；C.refused拒绝；D.hesitated犹豫。根据“Despite”可知，上下文有转折关系，尽管经历了不愉快，但坦普勒继续当导游。故选B项。【34题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他还成为河马保护的倡导者，认识到这种动物本身并不具有攻击性，而只是在捍卫自己的领地。A.habitat栖息地；B.safety安全；C.conservation保护；D.suffering痛苦。根据上文“advocate”和下文“theanimalswerenotinherentlyaggressive”可知，坦普勒意识到河马并不是天生具有攻击性，相反是需要保护的动物，所以他成为河马保护的倡导者。故选C项。【35题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他还成为河马保护的倡导者，认识到这种动物本身并不具有攻击性，而只是在捍卫自己的领地。A.readily轻易地；B.finally最后；C.casually随意地；D.simply仅仅，只。根据上