湖北省市级示范高中智学联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期12月月考英语试题

湖北省市级示范高中智学联盟2024年秋季高三年级12月联考英语试题本试卷共8页。全卷满分150分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，用签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhatwillChrisdonext?A.Drinksomecoffee. B.WatchtheWorldCup. C.Gotosleep.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Hey,Chris,youarealright?M:Yeah,I’mjustabitsleepy.TheWorldCupfinallastnight,youknow.W:Sure.Wantsomecoffee?M:Iwouldn’tsayno.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Relatives. B.Classmates. C.Strangers.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme,couldyoupossiblymoveyourcarforwardabitsoIcangetmineout?M:Justasecond.Isitokaynow?Doyouneedanyhelp?3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatisthewoman’sattitudetotheman’ssuggestion?A.Negative. B.Tolerant. C.Favorable.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Wow!Thesedogsaresoadorable.Canwetakeone?MyfriendJoyhasacat.W:No,Bill.I’mafraidwecan’t.Weliveinasmallapartment.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhatcanwelearnaboutTom?A.He’ssmartforhisage.B.He’sdifficulttogetalongwith.C.He’sunwillingtostudy.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Well,isTomdoingwellinschoolthesedays？M:Oh,well.Likeboysathisageyouknow.Ican’tgethimtodohishomeworkwithoutastruggle.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhatdidKevindoyesterday?A.Hewentswimming.B.Hetalkedwithhisgrandparents.C.Hecleaneduphishouse.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Hi,Kevin.Ididn’tseeyouatthepoolyesterday.Whathappened？M:Oh,mygrandparentscameovertomyplaceforavisit.Igottheideatointerviewthem,andIsawhowmuchtheylovedbeinglistenedto.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whoisarrangingthemeeting?A.Janet. B.DaviD. C.Peter.7.Whendoesthemanprefertohavethemeeting?A.ThisWednesday. B.NextMonday. C.ThisFriday.【答案】6.A7.C【解析】【原文】W:Peter,Idon’tknowifJanethastoldyou,butWednesdayafternoon’ssalesmeetingiscancelled.M:Oh,yeah?Whenisournextmeetingthen?W:EitherthisFridaymorningornextMondayafternoon.JanetischeckingDavid’sschedule.M:Whydon’twehaveitthisFriday?I’llbeawayonabusinesstripnextweek.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Travelexperiences. B.Vacationplans. C.Favoriteseasons.9.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Findasummerjob. B.Gotothebeach. C.MovetoWashington.【答案】8.B9.B【解析】【原文】W:IjustboughtatickettoNewYork.I’msoexcitedtoseethecity.M:Goodforyou.Whenareyouleaving？W:Nextweek.I’mtakingtheredeyeflight.It’scheaper.M:NewYorkCityisamagicalplace.You’llhavesomuchfun.W:Ihopeso.I’llstayforaweekandthentakethetraindowntoWashington,D.C.M:Thatsoundslikeagreatvacation.I’mlookingforwardtoaweekatthebeachformysummervacation.Ijustwanttorelax.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.WhatdoesthenewssayaboutbigonlinespendersintheUS?A.Thenumberofthemgrowsslowly.B.Theymakeuphalfofallshoppers.C.Therearemorementhanwomen.11.HowmuchdidAmericansspendshoppingonlinelastyear?A.$453billion. B.$990billion. C.$1,500billion.12.WhatdidGeorgebuyonlinelastSunday?A.AnotebyMarkTwain. B.Asoftwarepackage. C.Anadventurenovel.【答案】10.C11.A12.A【解析】【原文】W:Hi,George.I’vejustheardthenews.Americansarenotjustshoppingonline,theyarebuyingexpensiveproductsontheInternet.NearlythreeoutoftenonlineshoppersintheUnitedStateshaveboughtaproductthatcostsathousanddollarsormore.Thosebigonlinespendersaremuchmorelikelytobementhanwomen.M:I’mnotsurprised.Youknow,menareusuallytheearlyadopterswhenitestotechnology.W:Ican’timaginethatbackinthe1990sonlineshoppingwasn’tjustawkward,itfeltrisky.Peoplewereafraidtogiveouttheircreditcardnumbers.Theyworriedifproductsdidn’tarriveintime.M:ButnowpeoplearetalkingabouttheexplosioninInternetshopping.W:“Yes,indeed.”Lastyear,U.S.shoppersspentS453billioninshoppingonline,andmanyofthemwentbig.Whatdidtheybuy?Justaboutanything.M:Well,Iamnoexception.LastSunday,IpurchasedashortnotethatMarkTwainhadwrittenregardingamissingpackage,andIpaidabout$1,500forit.W:You’rereallyamoreadventurousonlineshopperthanme.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.WhathasRichardbeendoing?A.Visitingamuseum. B.WatchingTV. C.Studying.14.WhydoesSusancallRichard?A.Togivethanks. B.Toaskforhelp. C.Tomakeanappointment.15.WhatdoesSusanwanttodo?A.Seeanexhibition. B.Buyanewcellphone. C.Takepicturesofthesnow.16.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydo?A.Gotoapark. B.Playfootball. C.Attendaparty.【答案】13.B14.B15.C16.A【解析】【原文】W:HiRichard,thisisSusan.M:HiSusan.W:Whatareyoudoing?M:JustwatchingTV.Prettybored.You?W:Well,IwasplanningtogotothesciencemuseumtodaywithElaine,butitsnowed.M:IhopeitsnowsallnightbecauseIdon’twanttogotoschooltomorrow.W:Doyouknowanyonewhohasacamera?Ileftmineathome.Iwanttotakepicturesofallthissnow.M:No,Idon’t.Butwhydon’tyouuseyourcellphonetotakepictures?W:Well,Idon’tthinkcellphonesdoagoodjob.Iwanttotakesomereallynicepicturesofthiswonderfulsnowscene.Youknow,thecollegeispreparingaphotographyexhibitionnextmonth.Ihopemypictureswillbeselected.Oh,Iknownow.HaveyouseenSarahtoday?Shehasacamera.M:No,shehasn’tbeenaroundlately.ButdoyouknowMike?Hehasacamera.Infact,Iknowhe’sinterestedinphotography.W:Mike?Youmeanthattallboy,captainofourschoolfootballteam?Okay,let’saskhimtogowithus.M:Well,Idon’tminddoingsomethinginteresting.Wecan80toWaterlooPark,agoodplacetotakepictures.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Wheredidthespeakerlearnaboutcollege?A.Fromherfamily. B.Fromthemovies. C.Fromthebooks.18.Whathelpedchangethespeaker’sattitudetowardsstudy?A.Herprofessor’sadvice. B.HertriptoAfrica. C.Hergraduateprogram.19.Howdoesthespeakerfeelwhenshetalksaboutherpastexperiences?A.Regretful. B.RelieveD. C.Grateful.20.Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?A.Conservationworkers.B.Highschoolstudents.C.Collegeteachers.【答案】17.B18.C19.C20.B【解析】【原文】W:Hey,everyone.I’mreallyexcitedtobeheretosharemyexperiencessincegraduation.WhenIwasleavinghereabout10yearsago,Idecidedtogotocollege,which,whenIthinkaboutit,isalittlestrange,becauseIefromafamilywherenoonehadevergonetocollege.EverythingIknewaboutcollegecamefromthemovies.Onceincollege,Igotaclassiccaseoftoomuchfunandtoolittleclasstime.Attheendofmysecondyear,mymajorprofessorwarnedme,you’renevergoingtograduateunlesssomethingbigchanges.Butitwasn’tuntilIenteredmygraduateprograminconservationecologythatIfeltIwasontherightpath.Myconservationworkhasbroughtmejoy,excitement,andadventure.I’vedonesomeresearchintheremotemountainsofCalifornia.I’vehaddinnerswithimportantpoliticians.I’veevensteppedoversnakesinAfrica.Butmostimportantofall,itgavemesomethingbiggerthanmyselftofightfor.WhenIlookback,Ifeelfortunatetohavechosencollege,andparticularlyscience,throughwhichIhaverediscoveredmyselfandachievedliberation.AndI’msureyouallcandothesame.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheDepartmentofHistoryinvitesyoutojoinusforthe49thHistoryLectureSeries.CityandCitizens:SeattleitesandTheirRights,18502000January10Inthistalk,ProfessorEmeritusJohnFindlayfocusesonthechangingnumberofresidentsofSeattleandhowtheywereshapedbythenation’sevolvingconceptsofcitizenship.Itexaminesthehistoricaldemographics(人口统计)ofthecityandlookatwhatgroupsofpeoplecametoandsettledinSeattleoverthedecadesStrategiesofBelongingfortheSnohomishIndianNationJanuary17Withvaryingdegreesofsuccess,Snohomishpeoplesmetthechallengesofsettlerexpansionbytryingto“workthecolonialsystem,”includingnavigatingtheeverchangingbureaucracy(官僚机构)offederalpoliciesandthesettlereconomy.ThistalkbyProfessorJoshReidfocuseslargelyontheperiodfromthemidnineteenthcenturytotheearlytwentiethcenturyanddiscussestopicsrelatedtotheformationofinitialreservationsinwesternWashington,Indianboardingschools,andtheplexitiesofCoastSalishidentities.MediterraneanImprintsandErasuresinSeattleJanuary24FromtheCentralDistricttoPikePlaceMarketandbeyond,migrantsfromtheMediterraneanregionhavemadeanotable,ifseldomnoticed,impactonSeattle’surbanfabricoverthepastcentury,perhapsnogroupmorethanSephardicJewsfromtheOttomanEmpire.ProfessorDevinNaartakesalookathowSeattlebecamehometooneofthelargestmunitiesintheUnitedStatesofJewsfromtheMuslim(穆斯林)world.HomesforSome:Seattle’sHistoryofHousingandRacialExclusionFebruary7Seattlehasalonghistoryofpoliciesandpracticesthatpreventedpeopleofcertainracialandreligiousbackgroundsfrombuying,renting,oroccupyinghomesinmanypartsofthecityandsurroundingareas.Startingwiththe1865ordinancethatbannedIndigenouspeople,ProfessorJamesGregorydetailsthishistoryofexclusionbyshowinghowitwasimplementedthroughlaws,zoning,deedrestrictions,redlining,urbanrenewal.TicketsareavailablebeginningDecember10throughevents./HLS202421.Whowilldeliveraspeechrelatedtopopulationchanges?A.DevinNaar. B.JohnFindlay.C.JoshReid. D.JamesGregory.22.WhichofthelecturetalksabouttheDevelopmentofJewishmunities?A.HomesforSome:Seattle’sHistoryofHousingandRacialExclusion.B.MediterraneanImprintsandErasuresinSeattle.C.CityandCitizens:SeattleitesandTheirRights,18502000.D.StrategiesofBelongingfortheSnohomishIndianNation.23.Whatisthetext?A.Ahistoricalresearch B.AtextbookchapterC.Anadvertisement D.Anewsreport【答案】21.B22.B23.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了关于西雅图历史变化的系列讲座。21题详解】细节理解题。根据CityandCitizens:SeattleitesandTheirRights,18502000部分“Inthistalk,ProfessorEmeritusJohnFindlayfocusesonthechangingnumberofresidentsofSeattleandhowtheywereshapedbythenation’sevolvingconceptsofcitizenship.(在这次演讲中，名誉教授JohnFindlay重点介绍了西雅图居民人数的变化，以及他们是如何被国家不断发展的公民概念所塑造的)”可知，JohnFindlay将会做一个和人口变化有关的演讲。故选B项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据MediterraneanImprintsandErasuresinSeattle部分“ProfessorDevinNaartakesalookathowSeattlebecamehometooneofthelargestmunitiesintheUnitedStatesofJewsfromtheMuslim(穆斯林)world.(DevinNaar教授介绍了西雅图是如何成为美国最大的穆斯林世界犹太人社区之一的)”可知，MediterraneanImprintsandErasuresinSeattle这个讲座谈到了犹太人社区的发展。故选B项。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“TheDepartmentofHistoryinvitesyoutojoinusforthe49thHistoryLectureSeries.(历史系邀请您参加第49届历史系列讲座)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了关于西雅图历史变化的系列讲座，详细介绍了四个讲座的主题、时间和主讲人等信息，最后还提到了门票预订的时间和方式，符合讲座宣传广告的特征，文章是一个宣传广告。故选C项。BInAugust,CaiYifan,19andCaiYiming,17,twobrothersfromQuanzhou,Fujian,wontheSilverAwardofthe19thSoongChingLingAwardforChildren’sInvention.Theirinvention,asmarttrafficpolicevest(马甲),impressedthejudgesandissettochangethewaytrafficpolicemunicate.“Withthisvest,trafficpoliceofficerscanmunicateusinglongdistance,realtimevoicetotexttechnology”,thebrothersexplained.ThevestfeaturesanLEDscreenthatcandisplaytranslatedtext,supportingtransitionsfromChineseintoEnglish,JapaneseandKorean.ThevestalsofeaturesasmartQ&Afunction,allowinguserstoaskquestions,withanswersimmediatelyappearingonthescreen,muchlikeamobilesearchengine.Thebrothers’inspirationcamefrompersonalexperiences.“Ourfatheronceattendedapoliceacademyandoftensharedstoriesaboutthechallengespoliceface”,CaiYifanshared.Onetime,duringaheavyrainstorm,theysawtrafficofficersstrugglingtodirectcarsduetopoorinvisibility.Thissituationsparkedtheideaforavestthatcouldvisuallydisplayspokeninstructions,helpingtoavoidmismunication.Beforedevelopingthevest,thebrothersconductedindepthresearchbyinterviewingtrafficpoliceofficersaboutthechallengestheyfaceonduty.Theythenidentifiedkeyfeaturessuchasvoicerecognitionandtranslationfunctions.Withthehelpofonlinetutorialsandadvicefromtheirteachers,thebrothersspentnearlyfourmonthsdevelopingthevest.CaiYiming,whohasstronghandsonskills,focusedonassembling(组装)thehardware(硬件),whileCaiYifanhandledthesoftwaredevelopment.“Ourparentshavealwaysencouragedourcuriosity”,CaiYimingnoted.Fromayoungage,thebrotherswereinterestedintechnologyandbeganexperimentingwithprogrammingandsmallinventionslikesimplecircuits(电路)andmodelcars.Theirinventionhasalreadybeenpatented(获得专利);andtheyplantotestandrefineitwiththehelpoftrafficpolice,hopingtoapplyitinrealworldsituations.24.Whatdoweknowaboutthevest?A.ItcantranslateChineseintoanyotherlanguages.B.Itcanaskandanswerquestions.C.Itwillpletelychangethewaytrafficpolicemunicate.D.Itcanhelptrafficpolicemunicatemoreefficiently.25.Whatinspiredthebrotherstoinventsuchavest?A.Theircuriosityabouttheworldaroundthem. B.Theirparents’encouragement.C.Theirpersonalexperiences. D.Theirdesiretobeefamous.26.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethebrothers?A.Imaginativeandpractical B.FriendlyandcuriousC.Humorousandresponsible D.Creativeanddetermined27.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Thevesthasgainedwidepopularity.B.Thevesthasbeenappliedtorealworldsituations.C.Thebrothersareconfidentabouttheirinvention.D.Thebrothershavedifficultyimprovingtheirinvention.【答案】24.D25.C26.D27.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。来自福建泉州的蔡一帆、蔡一鸣兄弟俩共同发明了一种“智能警用马甲”。其发明获得了第19届宋庆龄少年儿童发明奖银奖。目前该发明已申请了专利保护，将在交警配合下进行产品测试并持续优化，有望应用于实际中。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段““Withthisvest,trafficpoliceofficerscanmunicateusinglongdistance,realtimevoicetotexttechnology”,thebrothersexplained.ThevestfeaturesanLEDscreenthatcandisplaytranslatedtext,supportingtransitionsfromChineseintoEnglish,JapaneseandKorean.ThevestalsofeaturesasmartQ&Afunction,allowinguserstoaskquestions,withanswersimmediatelyappearingonthescreen,muchlikeamobilesearchengine.(兄弟俩解释说：“有了这种背心，交通警察可以使用远距离实时语音转文本技术进行通信。”背心上有一个LED屏幕，可以显示翻译后的文字，支持中文到英语、日语和韩语的转换。该背心还具有智能问答功能，允许用户提出问题，答案立即出现在屏幕上，很像移动搜索引擎)”可知，马甲可以帮助交警更有效地沟通。故选D。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thebrothers’inspirationcamefrompersonalexperiences.(兄弟俩的灵感来自于个人经历)”可知，是个人经历启发了兄弟俩发明这样一件背心。故选C。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Beforedevelopingthevest,thebrothersconductedindepthresearchbyinterviewingtrafficpoliceofficersaboutthechallengestheyfaceonduty.Theythenidentifiedkeyfeaturessuchasvoicerecognitionandtranslationfunctions.Withthehelpofonlinetutorialsandadvicefromtheirteachers,thebrothersspentnearlyfourmonthsdevelopingthevest.CaiYiming,whohasstronghandsonskills,focusedonassembling(组装)thehardware(硬件),whileCaiYifanhandledthesoftwaredevelopment.(在开发背心之前，兄弟俩进行了深入的研究，采访了交警，了解他们在执勤时面临的挑战。然后，他们确定了语音识别和翻译功能等关键功能。在网上教程的帮助和老师的建议下，兄弟俩花了将近四个月的时间来制作这种背心。蔡一鸣的动手能力很强，他主要负责硬件的组装，而蔡一帆负责软件的开发)”可知，从他们能根据自身经历产生发明创意，且在研发过程中通过调研确定关键功能，花近四个月时间，一人负责硬件组装一人负责软件开发等，最后还获得专利并计划进一步完善应用等，可以看出他们有创造力（Creative）且有决心（Determined）去完成发明创造及后续完善等工作。故选D。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Theirinventionhasalreadybeenpatented(获得专利);andtheyplantotestandrefineitwiththehelpoftrafficpolice,hopingtoapplyitinrealworldsituations.(他们的发明已经获得专利；他们计划在交警的帮助下对其进行测试和改进，希望将其应用于现实世界)”可知，兄弟对他们的发明很有信心。故选C。CTwoyearsafterChatGPTtooktheworldbystorm,generativeartificialintelligenceseemstohavehitabottleneck.ThecostsofbuildingandusinglargerAImodelsarerisingsharply,andbreakthroughsseemtobebeingincreasinglydifficult.Currently,thedevelopmentofAIhasenteredadifficultperiod.Researchersandentrepreneursarepetingtofindwaystochangethecurrentsituation.TheircreativitywillnotonlytransformAIbutalsodeterminewhichpanieswillsucceed,whetherinvestorscanmakeprofits,andwhichcountrywillbebestabletoseizethebonusbroughtbythistechnology.Largelanguagesmodelshaveahugedemandforelectricity.TheenergyconsumedintrainingOpenAI’sGPT4modelissufficienttopower50Americanhouseholdsforacentury.Asthemodelsgetbigger,thecostwillriserapidly.Itisestimatedthatthetrainingcostofthelargestmodelsnowadaysis$100million,andthenextgenerationmaycost$1billion,whilethefollowingoneislikelytoballoonto$10billion.Overtime,suchinferencecostsmayaccumulateandexceedthetrainingcosts.Thisisterrifyingnewsforinvestors,manyofwhomhavebetbigonAI.Nvidia,whichdesignsthechipsmostmonlyusedinAlmodels,hasseenitsmarketcapitalizationincreasedby$2.5trillionoverthepasttwoyears.Since2023,investorshavepourednearly$95billionintoAIstartups.However,thereisnoneedtopanic.Manytechnologieshavehitbottlenecksbeforebuteventuallycontinuedtothrivethankstohumancreativity.Theoilpriceshocksinthe1970sencouragedenergyefficiencyandalternativemethods,includingnuclearpowergeneration,developedwellinsomecountries.Thirtyyearslater,fracturingtechnologymadetheextractionofoilandnaturalgasmoreeconomicallysustainable.ThedevelopmentofAIhasalreadyshownhowconstraintscanstimulatecreativity.paniesaredevelopmentchipsspecificallydesignedtorunlargelanguagemodels.Suchspecializationmeansthattheycanoperatemoreefficientlythangeneralpurposeprocessors.panieslikeAmazon,AppleandMicrosoftareallbusilydesigningtheirownAIchips.DevelopersarealsomakingadjustmentstoAlsoftware.Thelargescalerelianceonputingpowerisgivingwaytosmallerandmorespecializedsystems.28.What’sthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Therapiddevelopmentoflanguagemodels.B.Theparisonofdifferentlanguagemodels.C.Thegreatdemandforlargelanguagemodels.D.Theenergyconsumptionandcostissuesoflargelanguagemodels.29.Howisparagraph5mainlydeveloped?A.Byillustratingresults. B.Bygivingexamples.C.Bymakingparison. D.Bylistingfigures.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“constraints”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Conflicts. B.Profits.C.Limitations. D.Innovations.31.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefutureofAI?A.Uncertain. B.Skeptical.C.Ambiguous. D.Optimistic.【答案】28.D29.B30.C31.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。当前人工智能的发展进入艰难时期，一场推动人工智能超越当下极限的竞赛正在进行。一方面大语言模型训练和使用成本剧增，这使得投资者面临风险；另一方面，公司和开发者正在积极探索突破方法，这些努力将改变行业运行模式。28题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Largelanguagesmodelshaveahugedemandforelectricity.TheenergyconsumedintrainingOpenAI’sGPT4modelissufficienttopower50Americanhouseholdsforacentury.Asthemodelsgetbigger,thecostwillriserapidly.Itisestimatedthatthetrainingcostofthelargestmodelsnowadaysis$100million,andthenextgenerationmaycost$1billion,whilethefollowingoneislikelytoballoonto$10billion.Overtime,suchinferencecostsmayaccumulateandexceedthetrainingcosts.(大型语言模型对电力的需求巨大。训练OpenAIGPT4模型所消耗的能量足以为50个美国家庭供电一个世纪。随着模型越来越大，成本将迅速上升。据估计，目前最大型号的培训成本为1亿美元，下一代可能需要10亿美元，而下一代则可能激增至100亿美元。随着时间的推移，这种推理成本可能会累积并超过培训成本)”可知，本段主要围绕大型语言模型展开，先提到其对电力有巨大需求，接着以GPT4模型为例说明训练能耗情况，然后又阐述随着模型变大成本快速上升的情况，包括训练成本的不断增加以及推理成本可能超过训练成本等，所以本段主要是关于大型语言模型的能源消耗和成本问题。故选D。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Manytechnologieshavehitbottlenecksbeforebuteventuallycontinuedtothrivethankstohumancreativity.Theoilpriceshocksinthe1970sencouragedenergyefficiencyandalternativemethods,includingnuclearpowergeneration,developedwellinsomecountries.Thirtyyearslater,fracturingtechnologymadetheextractionofoilandnaturalgasmoreeconomicallysustainable.(许多技术以前都遇到过瓶颈，但最终由于人类的创造力而继续蓬勃发展。20世纪70年代的油价冲击鼓励了能源效率和替代方法，包括核能发电，在一些国家发展良好。三十年后，压裂技术使石油和天然气的开采在经济上更具可持续性)”可知，本段介绍许多技术曾经遭遇瓶颈，其后用20世纪70年代的油价冲击促进了能源效率的提高以及30年后水力压裂技术使得石油、天然气的开采更经济可行为例来说明人类创造性的伟大之处，即通过给出具体事例来支撑观点。故选B。【30题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“TwoyearsafterChatGPTtooktheworldbystorm,generativeartificialintelligenceseemstohavehitabottleneck.(在ChatGPT席卷全球两年后，生成型人工智能似乎遇到了瓶颈)”、第五段“Manytechnologieshavehitbottlenecksbeforebuteventuallycontinuedtothrivethankstohumancreativity.(许多技术以前都遇到过瓶颈，但最终由于人类的创造力而继续蓬勃发展)”以及最后一段“ThedevelopmentofAIhasalreadyshownhow

constraints canstimulatecreativity.paniesaredevelopmentchipsspecificallydesignedtorunlargelanguagemodels.Suchspecializationmeansthattheycanoperatemoreefficientlythangeneralpurposeprocessors.panieslikeAmazon,AppleandMicrosoftareallbusilydesigningtheirownAIchips.DevelopersarealsomakingadjustmentstoAlsoftware.Thelargescalerelianceonputingpowerisgivingwaytosmallerandmorespecializedsystems.

(人工智能的发展已经表明了constraints是如何激发创造力的。公司是专门为运行大型语言模型而设计的开发芯片。这种专业化意味着它们可以比通用处理器更有效地运行。亚马逊、苹果和微软等公司都在忙于设计自己的人工智能芯片。开发人员也在对Al软件进行调整。对计算能力的大规模依赖正在让位于更小、更专业的系统)”可知，生成型人工智能似乎遇到瓶颈，但最终由于人类的创造力继续蓬勃发展，公司和研发者们都在积极地探索突破方法，这表明局限性可以激发创造力，推测划线词表示“局限性”，与Limitations意思相近。故选C。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Manytechnologieshavehitbottlenecksbeforebuteventuallycontinuedtothrivethankstohumancreativity.(许多技术以前都遇到过瓶颈，但最终由于人类的创造力而继续蓬勃发展)”以及最后一段“paniesaredevelopmentchipsspecificallydesignedtorunlargelanguagemodels.Suchspecializationmeansthattheycanoperatemoreefficientlythangeneralpurposeprocessors.panieslikeAmazon,AppleandMicrosoftareallbusilydesigningtheirownAIchips.DevelopersarealsomakingadjustmentstoAlsoftware.Thelargescalerelianceonputingpowerisgivingwaytosmallerandmorespecializedsystems.

(公司是专门为运行大型语言模型而设计的开发芯片。这种专业化意味着它们可以比通用处理器更有效地运行。亚马逊、苹果和微软等公司都在忙于设计自己的人工智能芯片。开发人员也在对Al软件进行调整。对计算能力的大规模依赖正在让位于更小、更专业的系统)”可知，人工智能目前遇到瓶颈、成本上升等问题，但紧接着通过列举以往其他技术遇到瓶颈后凭借人类创造力继续发展的例子，以及阐述在人工智能领域公司和开发者采取的积极应对措施，如研发专门芯片、调整软件等，作者整体传达出一种对人工智能未来发展抱有希望的态度，即乐观的态度。故选D。DCuttingbackonanimalproteininourdietscansaveonresourcesandgreenhousegasemissions.Butconvincingmeatlovingconsumerstoswitchuptheirmenuisachallenge.Lookingatthisproblemfromamechanicalengineeringangle,Stanfordengineersarepioneeringanewapproachtofoodtexture(n.质地，纹理)testingthatcouldpavethewayforartificialsteaksthatfoolevenmittedmeatlovers.InanewpaperinScienceofFood,theteamdemonstratedthatabinationofmechanicaltestingandmachinelearningcandescribefoodtexturewithstrikingsimilaritytohumantastetesters.Suchamethodcouldspeedupthedevelopmentofbetterplantbasedmeats.Theteamalsofoundthatsomeplantbasedproductsarealreadypresentingthetextureofthemeatsthey’reimitating.“Wewere’surprisedtofindthattoday’splantbasedproductscanreproducethewholetextureofanimalmeats,”saidEllenKuhl,professorofmechanicalengineeringandseniorauthorofthestudy.Meatsubstituteshaveealongwayfromwhentofuwastheonlyoption,sheadded.Industrialanimalagriculturecontributestoclimatechange,pollution,habitatloss,andsoon.Thatburdenontheplanetcanbeeasedbyexchanginganimalproteinsforplantproteinsindiets.Onestudyestimatedthatplantbasedmeats,onaverage,havehalftheenvironmentalimpactasanimalmeat.Butmanymeateatersarereluctanttochange;onlyaboutathirdofAmericansinonesurveyindicatedtheywere“verylikely”tobuyplantbasedalternatives.“Peoplelovemeat,”saidSkylerSt.Pierre,aPhDstudentinmechanicalengineeringandleadauthorofthepaper.“Ifwewanttoconvincethemeateatersthatalternativesareworthtrying,thecloserwecanimitateanimalmeatwithplantbasedproducts,themorelikelypeoplemightbeopentotryingsomethingnew.”Tosuccessfullyimitateanimalmeat,foodscientistsanalyzethetextureofplantbasedmeatproducts.Unfortunately,traditionalfoodtestingmethodsarenotstandardizedandtheresultsarerarelymadeavailabletoscienceandtothepublic,saidSt.Pierre.Thismakesitharderforscientiststocreatenewrecipesforalternatives.32.WhatisthepurposeoftheresearchbyStanfordengineers?A.Toreducetheconsumptionofmeat.B.Totestqualityofplantbasedmeats.C.Toconvincemeatloverstochangediet.D.Todevelopanewfoodtexturetest.33.Whatisanadvantageofthenewapproach?A.Itcanworsenthequalityoftheplantbasedmeats.B.Itcanspeeduptheproductionofplantbasedmeats.C.Itcanmakeplantbasedmeatlessexpensive.D.Itcandescribefoodtexturewithhighsimilaritytothewayhumantastetestersfeelit.34.Whatpreventsthedevelopmentofplantbasedmeatsaccordingtothetext?A.Insufficientvarietyofplantbasedmeats.B.Nonstandardizedproductionfacilities.C.Consumers’resistance.D.Highproductioncosts.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthearticle?A.FoodTesting:AKeytoMeatRevolution.B.PlantorMeat?That’saquestion.C.NewTechinOurDailyFood.D.Plantbasedmeat:TheNewFashionontheTable.【答案】32.D33.D34.C35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了斯坦福大学工程师从机械工程角度出发，采用机械测试与机器学习相结合的新方法进行食品质地测试，旨在开发出能媲美真肉质地的人造牛排，以推动植物基肉类的发展，缓解因畜牧业对环境造成的压力，同时提及该研究的背景、新方法的优势、面临的挑战及意义等内容。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Lookingatthisproblemfromamechanicalengineeringangle,Stanfordengineersarepioneeringanewapproachtofoodtexture(n. 质地，纹理)testingthatcouldpavethewayforartificialsteaksthatfoolevenmittedmeatlovers.(从机械工程的角度来看这个问题，斯坦福大学的工程师们正在开创一种新的食品质地测试方法，这可能为人造牛排铺平道路，甚至欺骗了忠诚的肉类爱好者)”可知，斯坦福工程师正在开创一种新的食品质地测试方法，该方法可助力开发人造牛排等，目的在于开发新的食品质地测试手段。故选D项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“InanewpaperinScienceofFood,theteamdemonstratedthatabinationofmechanicaltestingandmachinelearningcandescribefoodtexturewithstrikingsimilaritytohumantastetesters.Suchamethodcouldspeedupthedevelopmentofbetterplantbasedmeats.(在《食品科学》的一篇新论文中，该团队证明，机械测试和机器学习的结合可以描述与人类味觉测试仪惊人相似的食物质地。这种方法可以加快更好的植物性肉类的开发)”以及第三段“Wewere’surprisedtofindthattoday’splantbasedproductscanreproducethewholetextureofanimalmeats,(我们惊讶地发