高考英语新人教版选修8一轮复习讲义第一编教材回眸Unit1Alandofdiversity

Unit1Alandofdiversity【题目优选】假设你是李华，你生活的城市肥城是国家级园林城市。为扩大知名度，你打算在互联网上对其进行宣传。请根据所提供的信息用英语写一篇短文介绍自己的家乡。概况1.地处泰山脚下，占地约1,277平方千米，人口约100万；2．历史悠久，矿产资源丰富；3．环境优美，公园众多(如范蠡公园、白云山公园等)；4．经济发展迅速，人民生活幸福，竞争力不断提高。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：国家级园林城市nationalgardencity【经典范文】LocatedatthefootofMountTai,ourcityFeichengcoversanareaof1,277squarekilometersorsoandaboutonemillionpeoplearelivinginit.Withalonghistory,itisrichinmineralresources.What'smore,beinganationalgardencity,itisverybeautiful.Forexample,therearemanyattractiveparksinourcity,suchasFanliParkandtheParkofBaiyunMountain.Inthefreetime,especiallyduringtheholidays,alotofcitizensaswellastouristsoftentraveltheretorelaxandenjoythemselves.Muchtoourdelight,withthefastdevelopmentofeconomy,notonlyarepeoplelivingahappylife,butitspetitivepowerisalsomuchstrongerthanbefore.Iamconvincedthatourcitywillbeeamoreandmorebeautifulplacetolive.【名师点拨】文章运用了多样化的短语及句式结构。如：coveranareaof...(占地……)；what'smore(而且，除外)；muchtoourdelight(令我们非常高兴的是)；livea...life(过着……的生活)以及分词作状语：locatedatthefootof...;notonly...butalso...(不但……而且……)句式和固定句型Iamconvincedthat...等。1．核心单词(1)means(n.)手段；方法→meaning(n.)意思→mean(vt.)意味着；打算→meaningful(adj.)有意义的(2)majority(n.)大多数；大半→major(adj.)主要的(vi.)主修→minority(n.)少数；少数民族→minor(adj.)较小的；次要的(3)elect(vt.)选择；决定做某事；选举某人→election(n.)选举(4)boom(n.)(人口、贸易的)繁荣(vi.)处于经济迅速发展时期(5)occur(vi.)发生；出现→occurred(过去式/过去分词)→occurence(n.)事件；发生的事(6)indicate(vt.)指出；标示；表明；暗示→indication(n.)迹象；标示(7)slip(vi.)滑动；滑行；滑跤(n.)滑动；滑倒→slipper(n.)拖鞋→slippery(adj.)滑的(8)hire(vt.&n．)租用；雇用→fire(vt.)解雇(9)nowhere(adv.)无处；到处都无(10)reform(vt.&vi.)改革；革新(n.)改革；改造；改良2．阅读单词(1)distinct(adj.)清晰的；明显的；明确的(2)percentage(n.)百分比；百分率(3)racial(adj.)人种的；种族的(4)crossing(n.)横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道(5)applicant(n.)申请人(6)customs(n.)海关；关税；进口税(7)luggage(n.)行李(8)punishment(n.)处罚；惩罚(9)grasp(vt.&n．)抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会(10)thankful(adj.)感激的；感谢的【即景活用】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1．Besides,IhavesuchagoodmandofEnglishthatI________(elect)asassistanttomyEnglishteacher.答案：amelected2．Jackwasworkinginthelabwhenthepowercut________(occur)．答案：occurred3．Icouldn'tunderstandtheword's________(mean)．答案：meaning4．Allthe________(apply)shouldfillintheformfirst.答案：applicants5．Oneofthe________(majority)problemsisthattheycan'traiseenoughmoney.答案：major6．Walkalongthestreetandturnleftatthefirst________(cross)．答案：crossing7．The________(customs)oflightingtheOlympicflamegoesbackcenturies.答案：custom8．Didhegiveyouany________(indicate)ofhisfeelings?答案：indication9．Thepeopletheresufferedmany________(hard)duringthatlongwinter.答案：hardships10．Theroadis________(slip)andyou'dbetterslowdown.答案：slippery联想积累1．与“雇用、辞退”有关的词汇全接触①hiren．&vt.雇用②employvt.雇用③firevt.解雇④dismissvt.解雇⑤layoff解雇；下岗⑥turnaway解雇⑦takeon雇用2．单复数意义不同的名词小结①custom(风俗)→customs(海关)②manner(方式)→manners(礼貌)③paper(纸)→papers(文件)④art(艺术)→arts(文科)⑤arm(手臂)→arms(武器)⑥brain(脑袋)→brains(脑力)⑦work(工作)→works(作品)⑧short(短的)→shorts(短裤)⑨pass(指南针)→passes(圆规)1．live_on继续存在；继续生存2．bymeansof...用……方法；借助……3．make_a_life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等4．keep_up坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)5．back_to_back背靠背6．teamupwith与……合作或一起工作7．markout用线画出范围；标出……界线8．takein包括；吸收9．agreat/goodmany许多；很多10．applyfor申请；请示得到【即景活用】用所给短语的适当形式填空keepup，applyfor，markout，agreat/goodmany，makealife，teamupwith1．Intheingthreeyears,ourschoollifewillbechallengingandyouwilltryto________foryourself.答案：makealife2．________houseswereknockeddownbytheearthquake.答案：Agreat/goodmany3．Whenyouarereadinganarticle,you'dbetter________thekeywordsandtopicsentences.答案：markout4．I'mwritingto________thepositionasastudentvolunteer.答案：applyfor5．Youcan________oneotherclassmemberifyoucan'tfinishitontime.答案：teamupwith6．InsomeruralplacesofChina,somepeoplestill________theirtraditionallifestyle.答案：keepup联想积累1．“动词＋out”短语再记①markout用线画出范围；标出……界线②bringout阐释；说明；出版③carryout完成；实施计划④eout出现；传出；出版；开花⑤helpout帮助克服困难⑥giveout用尽；分发；发出(光、热等)⑦turnout证明是；结果是⑧workout计算出；拟定出；解决⑨runout用完⑩setout启程；出发⑪cutout删去2．“动词＋in”短语荟萃①takein包括；吸收；欺骗②breakin闯入③givein屈服；让步；投降④turnin上交⑤arrivein到达(较大地方)⑥consistin在于；存在于⑦joinin参加⑧resultin导致1．Thenearest,andthereforethefirsttoarrive,wereSouthAmericansandpeoplefromtheUnitedStates.距离最近因而来得最早的是南美人和美国人。2．Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种明显主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。【句式仿写】1．Inmyfamily,mymotherisalwaysthefirstone____________(起床)．答案：togetup2．__________________(人们相信)weshallmakefulluseofthesun'senergysomeday.答案：Itisbelievedthat联想积累1．不定式作定语的特殊用法不定式toarrive在句中作定语修饰thefirst,这是不定式作定语的一类特殊用法。即当名词或代词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰或本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时，其后置定语由动词不定式来充当。2．that引导的名词性从句Itisbelievedthat...中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句。注意：(1)that引导主语从句，无意义，但不可省略。(2)that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有：①It＋be＋形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,wonderful,funny,possible,certain,etc.)＋that从句。②It＋be＋名词词组(nowonder,anhonor,apity,nosurprise,etc.)＋that从句。③It＋be＋过去分词(believed,said,reported,thought,expected,announced,etc.)＋that从句。[单词点津]meansn.手段；方法(单复数同形)[教材原句]ScientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedtheBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes.科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。eq\x(\a\al(bythismeans用这种方法,bymeansof借助于；通过……方法,bynomeans决不；一点也不放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序,byallmeans用于交际英语表示同意当然可以；没问题,ameansofmunication一种通讯/交流工具))【特别提醒】(1)means用作“方式；方法”时单复数同形。若all/some/several/manymeans作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；若every/each/one/ameans作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。(2)bynomeans位于句首时，句子应部分倒装。【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空①Everypossiblemeans________(try),butnonehasworked.②I'vetriedveryhardtoimprovemyEnglish.Butbynomeans________(be)theteachersatisfiedwithmyprogress.答案：①hasbeentried②is(2)完成句子①Only______________willyousucceed.只有用这种方法你才会成功。②Studentssometimessupportthemselves______________part－timejobs.学生们有时可以通过做兼职工作养活自己。答案：①bythismeans②bymeansofmajorityn.大多数；大半[教材原句]OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajoritywerereligiousmen,whoseministrywastoteachtheCatholicreligiontothenatives.在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住居民传授天主教。(1)a/themajorityof大多数beina/themajority构成大多数/大部分(2)majorvi.专修；主攻adj.主要的n．专业majorin主修(3)minorityn．少数；少数派/人【特别提醒】(1)当a/themajorityof...作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后的名词保持一致。(2)当themajority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数都可以。【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空Themajority________(be)infavorofthesuggestionatthemeeting.答案：was/were(2)完成句子①Infact,heinspiredme____________Englishincollege.事实上，他激励我在大学里主修英语专业。②Whenitestoeducation,______________peoplebelievethatitisalifelongcareer.说到教育，大部分人认为其是终生的事业。答案：①tomajorin②themajorityofoccurvi.发生；出现[教材原句]Itdidn'toccurtomethat...我没有想到……eq\x(\a\al(sth.occurstosb.某人突然想起某事,Itoccursto/strikes/hitssb.that某人突然想起,Itoccurstosb.todosth.某人突然想起做某事))【特别提醒】occur为不及物动词“发生；出现”，相当于happen，不能用于被动语态。【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空Iwasgoingalongthestreetlookingforaplacetoparkwhentheaccident________(occur)．答案：occurred(2)完成句子①______________________Istillhadthingstodo,soIwentbacktomyofficeatonce.我忽然想起还有事情要做，因此我立刻回到了办公室。②Pleaseexplainhowtheidea________youandwhatmaterialsyouuse.请解释一下你是如何想到这个主意的，使用了什么原料。答案：①Itoccurredtomethat②occurstoindicatevt.指出；标示；表明；暗示[教材原句]Trytousetheexpressionsabovetoindicatethatyouarelisteningcarefullytoyourpartner.试着用以上表达来表明你在认真倾听你的搭档的话。(1)indicatesth.tosb.向某人指出/暗示某物/事indicatethat...示意；表明；暗示；说明(2)indicationn.暗示；表示；预兆；指示Thereis(no)indicationthat...(没)有迹象表明……【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空①Withanodofhisheadheindicated________mewhereIshouldsit.②Hegaveno________(indicate)thathewasreadytopromise.答案：①to②indication(2)单句改错①Thebellindicatedtheendoftheclassrang,interruptingourheateddiscussion.______________________________________________________②Itisnoindicationthattherewillbeanearthquake.______________________________________________________答案：①indicated→indicating②It→There[短语点拨]makealife习惯于新的生活方式、工作等[教材原句]Somediedorreturnedhome,butmostremainedinCaliforniatomakealifeforthemselvesdespitegreathardship.有些人死了或回家了，但是尽管条件十分艰苦，多数人仍然留在了加利福尼亚劳作谋生。(1)make/earna/one'sliving谋生(2)live/leada...life过着……生活e(back)tolife苏醒；变得活跃；恢复生气bring...backtolife使……苏醒过来；给……活力【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空①TheysettleddowninCanadaandmade________lifeforthemselves.②Shehadtolookforpart－timejobstheseyears________(make)aliving.答案：①a②tomake(2)单句改错Theymovedtoanewcitylastyearanditwasdifficultforthemtomakethelifethere.______________________________________________________答案：the→atakein包括；领会；理解；欺骗；收留；收养；吸收[教材原句]It'sa79kmround­tripthattakesinallthefamoustouristspots.这是一次往返79公里的旅行，它涵盖了所有著名的旅游景点。takeapart拆开；打败；抨击(论点等)takeback收回；退回；使……回忆起昔日takecareof照料；保管takedown拿下；取下；拆卸；记下takeiteasy别紧张；慢慢来takeover接替；接收；接管takeoff脱下(衣服等)；起飞；大获成功takeon承担；呈现takeone'splace入座；代替某人的位置takeone'stime不急；慢慢来takeup开始从事；占用(时间或空间)；着手处理；拿起；继续【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空Womenareusually________(take)intobuyalotofthingsthattheydon'treallyneed.答案：taken(2)写出下列句中takein的含义①Thefarmertookinthelosttravelersforthenight.____________②Whilereadingpopularsciencebooks,wecantakeinmorebasicknowledge.____________③TheUnitedKingdomtakesinEngland,Wales,ScotlandandNorthernIreland.____________④Lackingnecessarysocialexperience,teenagerstendtobetakeninbyillpeople.____________⑤Beforeyoutranslateasentence,youshouldfirsttakeinthemeaningofthewords.____________答案：①收留②吸收③包括④欺骗⑤理解agreatmany很多；许多(修饰可数名词)[教材原句]Sawsomeinterestingtempleshere,anumberofmarketsandagreatmanyrestaurants.在这儿看到了一些有趣的寺庙，不少的集贸市场和许多餐馆。(1)eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(many,agreat/goodmany,agood/largenumberof,quiteafew))eq\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(＋可数名词的复数＋,复数谓语))(2)eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(much,agood/greatdealof,alargeamountof))＋不可数名词＋单数谓语(3)eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(amassof,aquantityof))eq\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(＋可数名词的复数/不可数名词,谓语动词单复数与of后面的名,词的数保持一致))(4)eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(quantitiesof,massesof))eq\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(＋不可数名词/可数名词的复数＋,复数谓语))【特别提醒】agood/greatmany后接复数名词，但agood/greatmanyof后的名词前必须加限定词these/those/the/one's等，然后再加复数名词。【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空①Ourinstitutehasorderedagreatmany________(instrument)fromthepany.②Agoodmanynewbooks________(publish)bytheForeignLanguagePresslastmonth.答案：①instruments②werepublished(2)单句改错①Thesepupilshavereadagoodmanyofbooksonpopularscience.______________________________________________________②Agreatmanystudentsinourschoolhastakenanactivepartinthemovementagainstpollution.______________________________________________________答案：①去掉of②has→have[句型与语法][教材原句]However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.然而，美洲土著人很可能在至少15,000年前就住在加利福尼亚州了。Itislikelythat...“很可能……”。本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。此句型可转化为：Sb.belikelytodosth.“某人可能做某事”。【特别提醒】likely①Itislikely＋that从句②Sb.islikelytodosth.但无此表述：“Itislikelyforsb.todosth.”possible①Itispossible(forsb.)todosth.②Itispossible＋that从句但不作“Sb.ispossibletodosth.”这种表述probableItisprobable＋that从句【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空①________islikelythathewillnotetothepartytonight.Heissobusy.②Themorestressyouareunder,the________(likely)youaretocatchacold.答案：①It②morelikely(2)完成句子__________________youwillmeetsomedifficultieswhilereadingthenovel.＝__________________meetsomedifficultieswhilereadingthenovel.在阅读这本小说时你很可能会遇到困难。答案：Itislikelythat;Youarelikelyto[教材原句]BythetimeCaliforniaelectedtobeethethirty－firstfederalstateoftheUSAin1850,itwasalreadyamulticulturalsociety.到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候，它已经是一个有着多元文化的社会了。bythetime意为“到……的时候”，是一个介词短语，在句中起连接作用，引导时间状语从句。其用法如下：(1)如从句谓语是一般过去时，则主句用过去完成时；(2)如从句谓语是一般现在时或现在完成时，则主句用将来完成时；(3)如主句动作不强调已经完成，只是说明某个时候的状况，此时主句不用完成时，而应根据实际需要选用适当的时态，此时bythetime相当于when(主句多是be的系表结构形式)。【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空①Bythetimetheyarrived,thestranger________(go)away.②Bythetimeshegetshome,hermother________(leave)forLondontoattendameeting.答案：①hadgone②willhaveleft(2)完成句子Forsomething,wecan'tunderstandwhenweareyoungbut____________weunderstand,wearenolongeryoung.有些事情，当我们年轻的时候无法懂得，当我们懂得的时候已不再年轻。答案：bythetimeExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.However,__1__islikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.Scientistsbelievethatthesesettlers__2__(cross)theBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes.Inthel6thcentury,afterthe__3__(arrive)oftheEuropeans,thenativepeoplesuffered__4__(great)．Thousandswerekilledorforcedintoslavery.__5__addition,manydiedfromthediseasesbroughtbytheEuropeans.However,somesurvivedtheseterribletimes,andtodaytherearemoreNativeAmericans__6__(live)inCaliforniathaninanyotherstate.Inthe18thcenturyCalifornia__7__(rule)bySpain.SpanishsoldiersfirstarrivedinSouthAmericaintheearly16thcentury,whentheyfoughtagainstthenativepeopleandtook__8__(they)land.Twocenturieslater,theSpanishhadsettledinmostpartsofSouthAmericaandalongthenorthwestcoastofwhatwenowcalltheUnitedStates.Of__9__firstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajoritywerereligiousmen,__10__ministrywastoteachtheCatholicreligiontothenatives.1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________答案：1.it2.crossed3.arrival4.greatly5.In6.living7.wasruled8.their9.the10.whoseⅠ.单句语法填空1．Theyarelikely________(fire)bythepanyjustbecauseoftheirfault.答案：tobefiredSb.belikelytodosth.“某人可能做某事”。主语they与fire之间为被动关系，故应填不定式的被动形式。2．Themajorityoftheinterviewees________(prefer)watchingTVathometogoingtothecinema.答案：preferthemajorityof...作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后的名词保持一致。由interviewees可知谓语动词应用复数形式。3．Itsuddenlyoccurred________himthatheshouldadoptthehomelesschild.答案：toIt(suddenly)occurred/occurstosb.that...“某人突然想起某事”。4．Whoeverbreakstheschoolruleswillsurelyreceive________(punish)．答案：punishment句中动词receive后缺宾语，故应填名词punishment作宾语。5．Weshouldnothave________(race)discrimination.答案：racial句中缺少一形容词来修饰名词discrimination,故填racial“种族的”。6．Shebecamethefirstblackwoman________(elect)totheSenate.答案：tobeelected当名词或代词前有序数词或最高级修饰时，则常用动词不定式来充当其后置定语，且elect与blackwoman之间为被动关系，故填tobeelected。7．Hecouldn'texpresshimselfcorrectly________meansofwords.答案：bybymeansof...“借助于；用……；通过……方法”。8．She________(slip)outofthehousebeforetheotherswereawake.答案：slipped句意：她趁别人还没醒，溜出了房子。分析句子结构可知该空为句子的谓语动词，由从句中动词时态were可知，应用一般过去时。9．________(hire)acar,youmustproduceapassportandacurrentdrivinglicense.答案：Tohire句意：若想租车，你需要出示护照及当前驾照。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。10．Bythetimesheknewthenews,John________(fly)toAmerica.答案：hadflown由Bythetime引导的从句的时态为一般过去时可知，主句应用过去完成时，故应填hadflown。Ⅱ.单句改错1．Thisisbelievedthathardworkcanleadtosuccess.______________________________________________________答案：This→ItItisbelievedthat...“人们相信……”，其中it为形式主语。2．AnideaoccurredmewhenIwaswalkinginthepark.______________________________________________________答案：occurred后加tosth.occurs/occurredtosb.“某人突然想起某事”。3．AgreatmanyofpeoplegainagreatdealofinformationfromtheInternet.______________________________________________________答案：去掉第一个ofagreat/goodmany直接修饰可数名词复数，只有当名词前有限定词the/these/those/one's等时，才用agreat/goodmanyof短语。4．Weregrettoinformyouthatourpanyhashiredonanothergirlforthejobofsecretary.______________________________________________________答案：去掉onhire“雇用；租用”，为及物动词，后面不需加介词。5．Theywillcarryouttheplaninthismeans.______________________________________________________答案：in→bybythismeans“用这种方法”。Ⅲ.语法填空Creativityisamysteriousidea.Weseem__1__(feel)thatsomepeoplearenaturallycreative,butwedon'tknowhowtheygotthatway.Iscreativityanaturalgift,oris__2__somethingthatcan__3__(acquire)?Perhapsifweanalyzethecreativeprocess__4__(careful),wemightgetsomeinsight(洞察力)intowhatitisand__5__itmightworkinourlives.Thecreativeprocesshasalwaysbeenacceptedasthesourceofallimportantworkinthearts,butweshouldnotthinkthecreativityplaysapartonlyinthearts.Everymajorscientificdiscoverybeganwithsomeone__6__(imagine)theworlddifferentlyfromthewayotherssawit.Andthisis__7__creativityisallabout.Anddespitewhatyoumaybelieveaboutthelimitsofyourowncreativeimagination,weallhavethepotentialtoimaginetheworldin__8__absolutelynewway.Infact,youareborn__9__it.Andwhat'smore,youuseiteveryday.It'syourcreativemind__10__getsmeaningfromchaosofexperiencesandbringsordertoyourworld.1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。创造力是天生的才华，还是后天也可以获得？本文就这一话题展开了讨论。1．tofeel考查非谓语动词。我们感觉似乎某些人天生具有创造力。seemtodosth.“似乎要做某事”。2．it考查代词。创造力是天生的才华，还是后天也可以习得的？这里用it指代creativity。3．beacquired考查被动语态。先行词something和acquire之间是被动关系，又因为情态动词can后要用动词原形，故此空填beacquired。4．carefully考查词性转换。也许如果我们仔细分析创造的过程，我们就会洞察到什么是创造力，它是如何在我们的生活中起作用的。这里用副词修饰动词analyze。5．how考查特殊疑问词。此处表述创造力是如何在我们生活中起作用的。由语义可知填how。6．imagining考查with的复合结构。每次重大的科学发现都以某个人以不同于其他人的方式看待这个世界开始。此处为“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，宾语和宾补之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故此空填imagining。7．what考查名词性从句的连接词。创造力就是用一种新的方式想象世界。空格处引导表语从句并在从句中作介词about的宾语，故填连接代词what。8．an考查冠词。我们都有这种潜能，用一种全新的方式想象这个世界。absolutely的发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an，表泛指。9．with考查介词。事实上，你天生具有创造力。bebornwith“生而具有”。10．that考查强调句。正是创造性思维使得你从混乱的经历中找到意义，给你的世界带来秩序。由强调句基本结构“Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who(当强调主语且主语指人)＋其他部分”可确定答案。Ⅳ.短文改错DearJack，I'msorrytohearthatyoufailedinthelastfinalmathexam,butwhichworriesmemostisthatyouareinlowspiritwhenfacingfailure.Asseniorthreestudents,weallhadtakenexaminationsofdifferenttypesandexperiencedfailureaswellassuccess.Itisnodoubtthatweshouldtakepositiveattitudestowardsoursetbacks.Weshouldsparenoefforttoanalyzingthecauseoffailure,whichcanhelpusescaperepeatingthesimilarmistakes.Onlywhenwefigureoutwhywefailcanwemakeaprogressinourstudy.Asforyouranxiety,Ithinkdoingsomesportscandogoodforyou.Itcangiveyousometimetoberefreshinginnotonlythebodybutalsothemindsothatwecangoonwithyourlearningenergeticallyandefficiently.Ihopealloftheabovecanhelpyoualot.Let'sworkhardlytogetherandturnourdreamintoreality.Yours，LiHua答案：DearJack，I'msorrytohearthatyoufailedinthelastfinalmathexam,buteq\o(which,\s\do15(①what))worriesmemostisthatyouareinloweq\o(spirit,\s\do15(②spirits))whenfacingfailure.Asseniorthreestudents,wealleq\o(had,\s\do15(③have))takenexaminationsofdifferenttypesandexperiencedfailureaswellassuccess.eq\o(It,\s\do15(④There))isnodoubtthatweshouldtakepositiveattitudestowardsoursetbacks.Weshouldsparenoefforttoeq\o(analyzing,\s\do15(⑤analyze))thecauseoffailure,whichcanhelpusescaperepeatingthesimilarmistakes.Onlywhenwefigureoutwhywefailcanwemakeeq\o(eq\o(a,＼),\s\do15(⑥))progressinourstudy.Asforyouranxiety,Ithinkdoingsomesportscandogoodeq\o(for,\s\do15(⑦to))you.Itcangiveyousometimetobeeq\o(refreshing,\s\do15(⑧refreshed))innotonlythebodybutalsothemindsothateq\o(we,\s\do15(⑨you))cangoonwithyourlearningenergeticallyandefficiently.Ihopealloftheabovecanhelpyoualot.Let'sworkeq\o(hardly,\s\do15(⑩hard))togetherandturnourdreamintoreality.Yours，LiHua难项分析：第一处：which→what考查主语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，but连接两个并列句，其后不是定语从句，故不能用which引导；连接词引导主语从句，表示“所……的事”，故用what。第二处：spirit→spirits考查名词的数。inlowspirits为固定词组，意为“情绪低落”。第四处：It→There考查固定句式。Thereisnodoubtthat...“毫无疑问，……”，是固定句型。单元加餐练Ⅰ.阅读理解AThissummer,IwaspartofsomethingthatIhavecarriedwithmeeverydaysince.Anexperiencechangedmylife.TheKentuckyYMCAhasaprogramcalledY－Corps,whichareservicetripsofaround20students.Thissummer,twotripsweremadeacrossKentucky,onedownsouthandtheothertripupnorth.IwasontheY－CorpsServicetotheNorthinIndianapolis,Indiana,andourtripbeganattheendofJuly.IhadbutterfliesflyingaroundmeasmyparentsdrovemetoLouisville,wheretheServicetotheNorthteamwouldsetoffonanine－dayjourneyinaschoolbus.IknewsomeoftheteammembersfrompreviousY－Conferences,butthereweremanythatIhadnevermet,andIhadneverparticipatedinaservicetriplikethisbefore.ThoughIwasnervous,Iwasalsoreadytotrysomethingpletelyoutofmyfortzone.Onceweloadedthebuswithourlightlypackedsuitcasesandsleepingbags,wesaidourgoodbyestoourparentsanddepartedforanadventurethatchangedallofourlives.WiththeKentuckyY'smotto:“Participate,don'tanticipate”，wehadnoideawherewewereheaded.Roadsignswereouronlyclueofwherewewouldbestopping.WedidserviceworkataMiddleWayHouseinIndiana,aDetroitMarketGarden,aPennsylvaniaYMCAforaninvasive(侵略性的)speciesclean－up,theUpperMainLineYinPennsylvaniatospendtimewithchildrenatasummercamp,aHurricaneSandyclean－upinJerseyShoreandtheNationalMallinWashingtonDC.WesleptonfloorsoflocalYMCAsthatwouldtakeusinforanight,andsomenightswedidn'thavetheopportunitytoshower.Wehadlatenightsontheroaddrivingfromcitytocity,andearlymorningstostartthedayjournalingandreflectingonthedaybefore.Thoughwewerephysicallytiredfromthehardwork,westillenjoyedthetimetoexperiencethecultureoftheareaswewerein.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者参加去美国北部城市印第安纳波利斯的义务服务旅行的情况，作者认为此次行程虽然辛苦却很有意义，令人难忘。1．Fortheauthor,theServicetotheNorthis________.A．terrifying B．exhaustingC．unforgettable D．amusing答案：C推理判断题。根据本文第一句话中的“Ihavecarriedwithmeeverydaysince”和最后一段中的“westillenjoyedthetime...wewerein”可知，暑假的服务行程对于作者来说是令人难忘的。故选C。2．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2andParagraph3?A.Thememberswereclearaboutwheretogoandwheretostop.B．Theauthorhadtakenpartinsuchkindofservicebeforethisone.C．Theauthorgotnervousbutwaswillingtofacesomethingunfortable.D．TheteamhelpedcleanuptheinvasivespeciesinJerseyShore.答案：C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ThoughIwasnervous，Iwasalsoreadytotrysomethingpletelyoutofmyfortzone.”可知，作者虽然紧张，但还是准备尽力面对一些令自己觉得有挑战性的事。故选C。3．Wecanconcludefromthethirdparagraphthat________.A．thetripwasjam－packedwithhardworkandculturalexperiencesB．theywerephysicallyexhaustedanddidn'tenjoythehardworkC．theyusuallyhadlittledifficultyinfindingrightdirectionD．theteamdidn'thavetheopportunitytohaveashower答案：A推理判断题。此段主要描述了作者此次服务旅行中的辛苦活动及其对当地风俗文化的体验，故可以推知A项“行程排满了辛苦的服务工作，同时也有丰富的文化体验”符合题意。4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．ServicetotheNorth:anunforgettableadventureB．Abeautiful,breathtakingbuttiringadventureC．AmeaningfulsummervacationD．Y－Corps:twoservicetrips答案：A标题判断题。根据首段以及全文内容可以得知，本文主要叙述了作者去美国北部印第安纳波利斯的一次令人难忘的义务服务旅行的情况，故选A。BInourlifejourney,weeachhaveimportantrolestoplay.Someareconductorsandsomearesoloists(独唱者).Andtherestareheroesinthesupportingcast(配角演员)andarenecessarytopletethedifferenttasksinlife.The“stars”wouldbegreatlydarkenediftheindividualheroesdon'tsupporttheirperformances.Themagicalaccentsofthepercussion(打击乐器)sectionmightsoundterribleandoutofplace,unlessyoucouldalsohearthemusictheyacpany.Evenonememberofanorchestradoinglessthantheirbestcouldstoptheharmonyofthemusicalpiece.So,eventhoughyoumaynotreceivetheattentionoftheotherperformers,yourcontributionisinvaluableandanintegral(不可缺少的)partofthesuccessofthewholeinthelifeyoulead.Whenyoudoyourjobwell,youputyourownuniqueenergyintothetask.Eachofushasadifferentpersonalityandadifferenttalent,justsuitedforthedifferentroleswesupport.Wecanlookaroundusatanymomentandidentifywiththepeopleweworkwith.Doingyourjobwelldisplaysyourabilityandgratitude,whilelearningthelessonscanmoveustowardsourgoals.Whenyouarefullypresentinthejobyoudo,youbringthefullnessofyourmind,body,andspirittothemoment.Yourcontributionisstrengthenedbytheinfusion(灌输)ofyourtalentsandabilities,andtheycanattracttherightpeopleandcircumstancestoyourexperience.Youareplayingyourroletoyourverybest.Youaregivingyourbesttotheworldandmakingitabetterplaceforallofustolivein.Remember,eachofusisexpectedthebest.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。每个人都有着各自不同的社会角色，我们都要尊重自己的角色，做好每一件事。5．Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat________.A．onepersonmightperformdifferentrolesB．everyonecanbee“stars”iftheyworkhardC．the“stars”alsoneedmanyotherpeople'ssupportD．the“stars”aresuccessfulbecauseoftheirownefforts答案：C细节理解题。由第一段中的“The‘stars’wouldbegreatlydarkenediftheindividualheroesdon'tsupporttheirperformances.”可知，如果没有其他人的配合，“明星”也会黯然失色。故C项正确。6．Thepassageiswrittentoencourageusto________.A．liveafreelifewithoutanyhardworkB．valueandrespecttherolesweplayinourlifeC．beindependentoftheotherpeoplearoundD．learnsomethingfromthosesuccessfulpeople答案：B推理判断题。本文通过对人生角色的论述说明：我们每个人都要重视并尊重我们在生活中所扮演的角色，每个角色都是有意义并且重要的，我们应尽力将本职工作做好。7．Theunderlinedword“they”inthelastparagraphprobablyrefersto“________”．A．differentjobsB．differentrolesC．therightpeopleD．yourtalentsandabilities答案：D指代判断题。由画线词前一分句可判断，they指代上文提到的“yourtalentsandabilities”(你的天赋和能力)。8．Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?A．Nopain,nogain.B．Practicemakesperfect.C．AllroadsleadtoRome.D．Leteachpersondohisbest.答案：D推理判断题。本文主要讲的是每个人都有着各自不同的社会角色，我们都要尊重自己的角色，把自己的本职工作做好。D项“各尽所能”可以从文章当中推断出来。Ⅱ.七选五SomepeopledescribeAmericansocietyasasaladbowlwhileothersthinkofitasameltingpot.Inabowlofsalad,alltheingredientsaremixedtogether.__1__Together,however,theingredientsmakeupaunity.All