2022年辽宁省铁岭市六校协作体高二下学期期末联考英语试题

铁岭市六校协作体2021-2022学年度高二期末联考试英语试卷（满分150分，考试时间120分钟）第Ⅰ卷第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AThePublicTransportFaresinNewYorkOnourwebsite,youcanfindouthowmuchitcoststoridethesubway,bus,LongIslandRailRoad,andMetro-NorthintheNewYorkarea.★Subwaysandbuses●Fareformostridersonsubwaysandlocal,limited,andSelectBusServicebuses:$2.85.●Expressbusescost$6.85.Moreinformationaboutsubwayandbusfares●Ridingthesubwaycosts$2.85formostriders.Peoplewithdisabilitiesorwhoare65orolderarequalifiedforareducedfare.●AnunlimitedrideMetroCardcansaveyoumoney.Itgivesyouunlimitedridesforacertainlengthoftime.●MetroCardscost$1.AllcardsexceptfortheSingleRidecardarerefillable(可充值的).●Uptothreechildrenunder44inchestallrideforfreewhentheyarewithafare-payingadult.●Youpaythefareatturnstiles(旋转闸门)beforeyouaboardthetrain.Youdon’thavetodoanythingafterwards.★Railroads:LIRR(LongIslandRailRoad)andMetro-North●Faresvarybasedonwhenandwhereyouaretravelling.●Buyingticketsonyourphoneisthemostconvenientoption.Moreinformationaboutrailroadfares●Peak(高峰的)faresarechargedduringbusinessrushhoursonanyweekdaytrainscheduledtoarriveinNewYorkCityterminalsbetween6a.m.and10a.m.ordepartNewYorkCityterminalsbetween4p.m.and8p.m.OnMetro-Northtrains,peakfaresalsoapplytotravelonanyweekdaytrainthatleavesGrandCentralStationbetween6a.m.and9a.m.●Off-peakfaresarechargedatallothertimesonweekdays,alldayonSaturdayandSunday,andonholidays.●Useourtripplannertofindfareinformation.Getschedulesanddirectionsandseewhetheratripisduringpeakoroff-peakhours.1.Howmuchmightasubwaytripcosta68-year-oldmanwithtwochildrenunder44inchestall?A.$2.35. B.$2.85. C.$5.70. D.$6.85.2.Forwhattraintriparepeakfarescharged?A.AweekdaytrainleavingGrandCentralStationat10pm.B.AweekdaytrainleavingGrandCentralStationat7am.C.AweekdaytraindepartingNewYorkCityterminalsat9pm.D.AweekdaytraindepartingNewYorkCityterminalsat8:30am.3.Whyshouldpeoplereadthetripplanner?A.Toknowspecialoffers. B.Toleaveyouradvice.C.Tocheckfareinformation. D.Tobookatrainticket.【答案】1.A2.B3.C【解析】【导语】本文属于应用文。文章主要介绍了纽约地铁、公交车和铁路等公共交通乘坐费用情况，还涉及地铁及公交费减免情况和铁路交通高峰期的时间和车费。1题详解】推理判断题。根据Moreinformationaboutsubwayandbusfares部分中“Ridingthesubwaycosts$2.85formostriders.Peoplewithdisabilitiesorwhoare65orolderarequalifiedforareducedfare.(对大多数乘客来说，乘坐地铁的费用是2.85美元。残疾人士或65岁以上的老年人可享受优惠票价)”和“Uptothreechildrenunder44inchestallrideforfreewhentheyarewithafare-payingadult.(最多3名身高44英寸以下的儿童可以免费乘坐，只要他们有一个付费的成人陪伴)”可知一位68岁男子带着身高44英寸以下的孩子需要付的车费低于$2.85。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Moreinformationaboutrailroadfare部分中“OnMetro-Northtrains,peakfaresalsoapplytotravelonanyweekdaytrainthatleavesGrandCentralStationbetween6a.m.and9a.m.(地铁北线列车的高峰票价也适用于工作日早上6点至9点之间从中央车站出发的任何列车)”可知，在上午七点离开GrandCentral车站属于交通高峰期。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据本文最后一段“Useourtripplannertofindfareinformation.Getschedulesanddirectionsandseewhetheratripisduringpeakoroff-peakhours.(使用我们的旅行计划来查找票价信息。了解行程和方向，看看旅行是在高峰时间还是非高峰时间)”可知，通过行程规划可以找到费用信息。故选C。BAsacollegestudentinBoston,Iformedthehabitofbuyingusedbooks.Ienjoythehunt,thegoodpriceandtheunrecognizedtreasures.Ifindoldtextbooks,ex-bestsellers,andbooksonsubjectsI’veneverheardofandnowmustlearnallabout.Idon’tsearchforrarebooks,firsteditions,orleather-boundeditionsbutbooksthatareworthreading.Rereading,forme,isapleasureduringretirement.Thetheaterandtheconcerthallbecomelessappealingtome,alongwithcrowds.Stayingaloneandreadingbookshavebecomeextremelyimportanttome.Literatureneedsthefleshofexperiencetohaveitsfulleffect.Differentbooksoffermeinsightsandwaysofexpressingthatstuckinmymindasgrainsofsandinanoysternowshinelikepearls.Mytasteinbooksimproveswithage.Whilepackingforamove,whichoccursatintervalsoffivetosevenyears,Iclearmyshelvesandpickmybooks.Iabandonafew,laterregretmydecisions,andlookforthemagain.Severalyearsago,Igotridofbooksrelatedtomyjob-architecture.Someweredesignguides,referencebooks,productcatalogs,andthingsthatwentoutofdate.Somewerehistoricalorcenteredonaperiodoranarchitect.Thesehadgivenmemanyhoursofpleasure.WillIeveropentheircoversagain?Certainly.IheldontotheredbulkofSirBanisterFletcher’sAHistoryofArchitectureandbooksonParis,Rome,andBoston.Igaveawaydraftingequipmentandinstruments.Ithrewoutrollsandrollsofpaper,andolddrawingsofprojectscompletedlongago,someofwhichhadevenbeendamaged.Thistime,IstayputinacottagethatsuitsmystatusandI’vemovedoninspirit.NodoubtIwillacquiremoreusedbooksandthrowawaymorebooksaspassionsgrowandfade,likefeatherschangingwiththeseasons.4.Whatdoestheauthorconsidermostimportantwhenchoosingusedbooks？A.Theirappealingcovers. B.Theirreasonableprices.C.Theirexcellentcontent. D.Theircollectionvalue.5.Whatdoestheauthorrealizeashegrowsolder?A.Hehasasmallcircleoffriends. B.Hisattitudetowardsworkchanges.C.Hiscommunicationskillsimprove. D.Hehasadeeperunderstandingoflifeandbooks.6.Whydoestheauthormentionbooksonarchitecture?A.Toshowsomebooksareworthreadingrepeatedly.B.TorecommendSirBanisterFletcher’sbooks.CTosuggestweavoidmakingpoordecisions.D.Toexplainhisloveforarchitecture.7.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromthelastparagraph?A.Hewillstopthrowingawayusedbooks.B.Helikesupdatinghiscollectionofusedbooks.C.Heisbadatusingadvanceddraftingequipment.D.Heenjoysleadinganactivelifeinthecountryside.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者从购买二手书的经历、重新阅读的意义和不断更新自己的读物等几个方面说明各阅读的重要性和意义。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Idon’tsearchforrarebooks,firsteditions,orleather-boundeditionsbutbooksthatareworthreading.”（我不寻找珍本、第一版或皮面版的书，而是那些值得一读的书。）可知，作者在购买书时最看重的是书的内容。故选C项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Differentbooksoffermeinsights（见解）andwaysofexpressingthatstuckinmymindasgrainsofsandinanoyster（牡蛎）nowshinelikepearls.Mytasteinbooksimproveswithage.”（不同的书籍给我提供了深刻的见解和表达方式，就像牡蛎里的沙子现在像珍珠一样闪闪发光一样。我对书籍的鉴赏力随着年龄的增长而提高。）可知，作者随着年龄的增大，他对生活和书本有更深的理解。故选D项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的例子及“WillIeveropentheircoversagain?Certainly.IheldontotheredbulkofSirBanisterFletcher’sAHistoryofArchitectureandbooksonParis,Rome,andBoston.”（我还会再打开他们的封面吗?当然。我手里拿着班尼斯特·弗莱彻爵士的《建筑史》和有关巴黎、罗马和波士顿的书。）可知，作者提到建筑书籍的目的是说明这些书值得多次阅读。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“NodoubtIwillacquiremoreusedbooksandthrowawaymorebooksaspassionsgrowandfade,likefeatherschangingwiththeseasons.”（毫无疑问，我将获得更多的二手书，并扔掉更多的书，因为激情就像羽毛随着季节的变化而变化。）可知，作者喜欢不断更新自己的二手书收藏。故选B项。CInrecenttimes,withtheadventofelectriccars,theideatofuelthemwithsolarenergyalsogainedmomentum.Electriccars—eventhoughtheyrunonelectricityanddon’tusefossilfuels—arestillNOTGREEN!Peoplesufferfromthemisconceptionthatnotusingfossilfuelmeans“green”whichiskindofabsurd,consideringtheelectricityweuseisgeneratedbyburningtheverysamefuels!However,whatifyourcarhadsolarpanelsthatcouldchargeit?Nowthatwouldindeedbeagreenmachine!Basically,asmuchaswewouldliketoincorporatethisenergysourceintoourcar,theefficiencyofthecurrentlyusedsolarpanelsissubjecttothefulfillmentofdifferentcriteria.Firstly,solarpanelsoccupyalargeamountofarea.Anaveragecarhasanareaof10-25sq.ft.ontheroof.whichcangeneratebetween50-150Wunderidealconditions.Thisishardlyenoughpowertoilluminatealightbulb!Also,moderatesunnytemperatureneedstobeideal,asextremelyhightemperaturescanreducetheefficiencyofthesolarpanels.Carsmustworkinallweatherconditions,soifasolarpanellimitsthecar’sfunctionality,itbecomespracticallyuseless.Moreimportantly,thecostofthepanelsanddevelopmentrequiredtopowertheelectronicsusingthesun’senergyoutweighsthebenefitsthatsolarpanelsprovide.Mostcarstodaythathavesolarroofs,usethesolarenergytopoweronlyafewbasicfunctionsofthecar.Whilethereisstilltimebeforewewillbeabletodrivecarsfullypoweredbysolarenergy,therearesomealternatives,suchassolarpowerstations,whicharebeingdesignedtoreduceourrelianceonfossilfuelsforelectricity.Solar-poweredvehiclesaresurelythefuture,butnotthenearfuture.Asthecostofsolarpanelscontinuestofallandtheirefficiencyincreases,thingswillbegintolookmuch“brighter”forthisalternativeandsustainableoption!8.Whyaren’telectriccarsenvironmentallyfriendly?A.Theywon’tworkaswellasthecommoncars.B.Theyarenotpoweredbysolarenergy.C.Theyrunonelectricityproducedbyburningfuels.D.Theycausemorepollutiontotheworld.9.Whatcanwelearnfromthethirdparagraph?A.Temperatureshavelittleeffectonsolarpanels.B.Poweringtheelectronicscostslittle.C.Acar’sroofgeneratesenoughpowertolightabulb.D.Theperformanceofcurrentsolarpanelsdependsonvariousfactors.10.Whatcanweinferaboutsolarenergyinthecarindustry?A.Mostcarshavesolarroofs.B.Carscanbecurrentlypoweredfromsolarpowerstations.C.Carspartlypoweredbysolarenergyareontheroad.D.Solarcarswillsoonbeavailable.11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Whatdosolarcarslooklike?B.Whydon’twepowerthecarwithsolarenergy?C.Howdosolarcarswork?D.Couldsolarcarsreplacetheelectriccars?【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍目前的电动汽车虽不使用化石燃料，但仍然不是绿色的。目前使用的太阳能电池板的效率取决于是否满足不同的标准。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Peoplesufferfromthemisconceptionthatnotusingfossilfuelmeans“green”whichiskindofabsurd,consideringtheelectricityweuseisgeneratedbyburningtheverysamefuels!”（人们有一种误解，认为不使用化石燃料就意味着“绿色”，这是一种荒谬的想法，因为我们使用的电力是通过燃烧同样的燃料产生的!）可知，为什么电动汽车不环保是它们靠燃烧燃料产生的电力运转。故选C。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Firstly,solarpanelsoccupyalargeamountofarea.”（首先，太阳能电池板占据了大量的面积。）和“Also,moderatesunnytemperatureneedstobeideal,asextremelyhightemperaturescanreducetheefficiencyofthesolarpanels.”（此外，温和的阳光温度需要是理想的，因为极高的温度会降低太阳能电池板的效率。）以及“Moreimportantly,thecostofthepanelsanddevelopmentrequiredtopowertheelectronicsusingthesun’senergyoutweighsthebenefitsthatsolarpanelsprovide.”（更重要的是，利用太阳能为电子设备供电所需的电池板成本和开发成本超过了太阳能电池板提供的好处。）可知，目前太阳能电池板的性能取决于多方面的因素。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Whilethereisstilltimebeforewewillbeabletodrivecarsfullypoweredbysolarenergy,therearesomealternatives,suchassolarpowerstations,whicharebeingdesignedtoreduceourrelianceonfossilfuelsforelectricity.”（虽然我们还需要一段时间才能驾驶完全由太阳能驱动汽车，但仍有一些替代品，如太阳能发电站，其目的是减少我们对化石燃料的电力依赖。）可知，目前，汽车可以由太阳能发电站提供动力。故选B。11题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Solar-poweredvehiclesaresurelythefuture,butnotthenearfuture.Asthecostofsolarpanelscontinuestofallandtheirefficiencyincreases,thingswillbegintolookmuch“brighter”forthisalternativeandsustainableoption!”（太阳能汽车肯定是未来，但不是不久的将来。随着太阳能电池板的成本持续下降，其效率不断提高，对于这种替代性和可持续性的选择，情况将开始变得更加“光明”！）可知，主要介绍目前的电动汽车虽不使用化石燃料，但仍然不是绿色的。目前使用的太阳能电池板的效率取决于是否满足不同的标准可知，D项“太阳能汽车能取代电动汽车吗?”为短文最佳标题。故选D。DTimetoloadupsomepopulargames:newresearchindicatespigspossessthementalcapabilitytoplayvideogames.Thestudy,publishedinFrontiersinPsychology,testedtheabilityoffourpigs(Hamlet,Omelette,EbonyandIvory)toplayasimplejoystick(操纵杆)gamewiththeirnoses,movingacursor(光标)tofourtargetsonthescreen.Althoughtheanimalsdidn’tdemonstratetheskillstowinaroundanytime,theydidshowanunderstandingofsomeelementarygames.Performingwellnotbychance,thepigsappearedtorecognizethemovementofthecursorwascontrolledbythejoystick.Thefactthattheydidsowelldespitealackofflexiblefingersis“extraordinary”,accordingtotheresearchers.“Itisnosmallachievementforananimaltograsptheconceptthatthebehaviourtheyareperformingishavinganeffectelsewhere.Thatpigscandothistoanydegreeshouldgiveuspauseastowhatelsetheyarecapableoflearningandhowsuchlearningmayimpactthem,“saidPurdueUniversity’sDrCandaceCroney,thestudy’sleadauthor.Researchersalsonotedthatwhilethepigscouldbetaughttoplaythegameusingfoodaspositivemotivation,theyalsorespondedwelltosocialinteraction.Infact,whenthegamewasmademorechallengingandthepigsbecameunwillingtoparticipateinit,“onlyoralencouragementbytheexperimenter”wouldseetrainingcontinue.Thesefindingsarethelatesttohighlighttheintelligenceofpigs.Notonlyhavetheybeenshowntousemirrorstofindhiddenfood,butstudieshavealsodemonstratedhowpigscanbetaughtto“come”and“sit”afteroralcommands.Aswithanysentient(有感觉力的)beings,howweinteractwithpigsandwhatwedotothemimpactsandmatterstothem.Wethereforehaveamoraldutytounderstandhowpigsacquireinformation,andwhattheyarecapableoflearningandremembering,becauseitultimatelyoffersthepotentialforhowtheyunderstandtheirinteractionswithusandtheirenvironments.12.WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph1?A.Thepigssometimeswonthevideogames.B.Thepigsoperatedjoystickswiththeirnoses.C.Thepigscompetedwitheachotherinthegames.D.Thepigssometimesperformedwellaccidentally.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“giveuspause”referto?A.Stopusfromadvancing. B.Affectusinlearning.C.Makeusthinkseriously. D.Forceustotrainpigsbetter.14.Whatmaderesearchersbelievepigssociallyinteractedwell?A.Theirbeinginspiredbyhumanwords. B.Theirbeingdrivenbyfood.C.Theirbeingwillingtokeeptrying. D.Theirbeingmotivatedbychallenges.15.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitle?A.SmartPigs:BestAnimalPlayers B.FlexibleNoses:FunGamesC.OralCommands:PigLearners D.PigPlayers:LearningPotential【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述猪经过人们的训练和与人互动后，可以用鼻子玩电动，能够听懂人的指令，从而说明猪有很强的学习潜力。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Thestudy,publishedinFrontiersinPsychology,testedtheabilityoffourpigs(Hamlet,Omelette,EbonyandIvory)toplayasimplejoystick(操纵杆)gamewiththeirnoses,movingacursor(光标)tofourtargetsonthescreen.(这项研究发表在《心理学前沿》上，测试了四只猪(哈姆雷特、煎蛋、乌木和象牙)用鼻子玩简单的操纵杆游戏的能力，将光标移动到屏幕上的四个目标上。)”可知，第一段主要介绍猪能够够用鼻子操作操纵杆，故选B。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段“Itisnosmallachievementforananimaltograsptheconceptthatthebehaviourtheyareperformingishavinganeffectelsewhere.(对于动物来说，能理解它们正在实施的一个行为可以在别处产生影响的概念并不是小成就。)”及“whatelsetheyarecapableoflearningandhowsuchlearningmayimpactthem(他们还能学习什么，以及这种学习如何影响他们)”可知，猪能够够用鼻子操作操纵杆，这不是一个小成就，值得我们认真思考，看看猪还能学习什么，以及这种学习如何影响他们。故推知giveuspause表示“让我们认真思考”，与Makeusthinkseriously意义一致，故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Researchersalsonotedthatwhilethepigscouldbetaughttoplaythegameusingfoodaspositivemotivation,theyalsorespondedwelltosocialinteraction.Infact,whenthegamewasmademorechallengingandthepigsbecameunwillingtoparticipateinit,“onlyoralencouragementbytheexperimenter”wouldseetrainingcontinue.(研究人员还指出，虽然可以用食物作为积极动机来教猪玩游戏，但它们对社交互动的反应也很好。事实上，当游戏变得更具挑战性并且猪变得不愿意参与时，“只有实验者的口头鼓励”才能使训练继续进行。)”可知，因为实验者的口头鼓励可以使猪参与训练，所以研究人员相信猪对社交互动的反应很好。故推知猪受到人类话语的启发使研究人员相信猪的社交互动很好，故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Performingwellnotbychance,thepigsappearedtorecognizethemovementofthecursorwascontrolledbythejoystick.Thefactthattheydidsowelldespitealackofflexiblefingersis“extraordinary”,accordingtotheresearchers.(表现良好并非偶然，猪似乎意识到光标的移动是由操纵杆控制的。据研究人员称，尽管缺乏灵活的手指，但他们做得如此之好，这是“不可思议的”。)”及第四段“Thesefindingsarethelatesttohighlighttheintelligenceofpigs.Notonlyhavetheybeenshowntousemirrorstofindhiddenfood,butstudieshavealsodemonstratedhowpigscanbetaughtto“come”and“sit”afteroralcommands.(这些发现是最新发现的，突出了猪的智力。他们不仅被证明使用镜子来寻找隐藏的食物，而且研究还证明了如何在口头命令后教猪“过来”和“坐下”。)”可知，文章主要讲述猪经过人们的训练和与人互动后，可以用鼻子玩电动，能够听懂人的指令，说明猪有很强的学习潜力。所以文章的标题应是PigPlayers:LearningPotential(猪玩家：学习的潜力)，故选D。第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WhyDoesFoodTasteBadOnAirplanes?Howmanytimeshaveyoucomplainedaboutairlinefoodbeingtasteless?Accordingtopopularlyacceptedstudies,thereasonmightbeachangeinourabilitytoperceivetaste.____16____Let’sgetintotheactualdetailsbeforeyougetoffended.TheCabinAiris15%DrierThantheAirontheGroundTomaintainthepressureinsidethecabin,airlinesmustcloselyregulatetheairinside,involvingchangingitscomposition.Theairinsideairplanecabinsisfarmoredrythantheairwebreatheontheground.____17____Inanenvironmentlikethis,yourpowersoftasteandsmellbegintodriftaway.ThePressureInsidetheCabinisLowerThanontheGroundInthepressurizedcabinapassenger’sbodilyfluidswillmoveupwardsandthenasalcavities(鼻腔)swell.Theswellingmesseswithourtastebuds,makingthefoodtasteunappealing.Youmightknowhowdininginsuchconditionsfeel,sincewe’veallfoughtcoldsinthepast.____18________19____Badfoodcan’tbeblamedmerelyonthein-cabinconditionstoo.It’salsopossiblethatthefoodisactuallybad.Duetofoodsafetystandards,allmealsmustbecookedonthegroundandunbreakable.SuchrequirementsformassproductiondefinitelytiesdowntheChef’shands.Whatcanbedone?____20____Apparently,chefshavebeentryingtoadaptrecipesinhowfoodtastesathighaltitudes.Everyoneneedstobepatientuntilbettersolutionsformassfoodproductionarefound.A.Themethodoffoodproductionisdifferent.B.Themassproductionoffoodistoblame.C.Insomecases,it’sevendrierthancertaindeserts.D.Asickpersonisfarfromthebestjudgeoffoodquality.E.Thatmakesitourbody’sfault,ratherthantheairlines.F.Butthatdoesn’tmeanmealsservedonairplanescan’ttastejustasgood.G.Basically,wecan’tusethesamerecipesforairlinemealsthatwewoulduseontheground.【答案】16.E17.C18.D19.A20.G【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了飞机上食物尝起来没有味道的原因。【16题详解】根据上文“Howmanytimeshaveyoucomplainedaboutairlinefoodbeingtasteless?”（你有多少次抱怨航空食品无味？）可知，我们时常抱怨飞机上食物寡淡无味。再由“thereasonmightbeachangeinourabilitytoperceivetaste(原因可能是我们感知味道的能力发生了变化)”可知，这可能是我们自身的原因，而不是食物的问题。故选E项。【17题详解】根据上文“Theairinsideairplanecabinsisfarmoredrythantheairwebreatheontheground.”（机舱内的空气比我们在地面上呼吸的空气干燥得多。）可知，机舱内的空气更干燥些，再根据后文“Inanenvironmentlikethis,yourpowersoftasteandsmellbegintodriftaway.”（在这样的环境中，你的味觉和嗅觉能力开始消失。）可知，味觉和嗅觉的能力都开始消失，说明干燥的程度很严重，因此，设空处可进一步描述干燥的程度。C项“在某些情况下，它甚至比某些沙漠还要干燥”进一步补充空气的干燥程度，符合语境。故选C项。【18题详解】根据上文“Inthepressurizedcabinapassenger’sbodilyfluidswillmoveupwardsandthenasalcavitiesswell.Theswellingmesseswithourtastebuds,makingthefoodtasteunappealing.Youmightknowhowdininginsuchconditionsfeel,sincewe’veallfoughtcoldsinthepast.”（在压力舱中，乘客的体液会向上移动，鼻腔会肿胀。肿胀扰乱了我们的味蕾，使食物的味道变得毫无吸引力。你可能知道在这样的条件下吃饭的感觉，因为我们都曾与感冒作过斗争。）可知，上文部分解释了这与舱内的压力使得味蕾、鼻腔都发生变化有关。这种情况跟我们感冒时吃东西总感觉没有味道的情况类似。由此可知，我们不能根据自身原因来评判食物。故D项“一个病人远不是食品质量的最佳评判者。”符合语境。故选D项。【19题详解】设空处小标题处，可起到概括总结的作用。根据下文“Badfoodcan’tbeblamedmerelyonthein-cabinconditionstoo.It’salsopossiblethatthefoodisactuallybad.Duetofoodsafetystandards,allmealsmustbecookedonthegroundandunbreakable.”（糟糕的食物也不能仅仅归咎于机舱内的状况。也有可能食物实际上是坏的。根据食品安全标准，所有的饭菜都必须在地上烹调，而且不易碎。）可知，舱内生产食物的方式跟一般情况是有所不同的。故选A项。【20题详解】根据后文“Apparently,chefshavebeentryingtoadaptrecipesinhowfoodtastesathighaltitudes.Everyoneneedstobepatientuntilbettersolutionsformassfoodproductionarefound.”（显然，厨师们一直在努力调整食谱，以适应高海拔地区食物的口味。在找到更好的大规模食品生产解决方案之前，每个人都需要耐心。）可知，我们不能在飞机上使用与地面上相同的食谱，所以厨师着手改进配方。G项“基本上，我们不能使用与地面上相同的航空餐点食谱。”符合语境。故选G项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。EmmaJones’three-year-oldson,Eric,wassharingahotdogonthedeckoverlookingherfriendSarahRoth’sswimmingpool.OnemomentJoneswaswatchingEricplayaroundwiththeotherchildrenatthis____21____ofmomsandkidslastJuly.Thenextmomenthedisappearedwithouta____22____.SheturnedtoherfriendMachelRawlingsandasked,“HaveyouseenEric?”Rawlingsstood,____23____thepoolandsuddenlyscreamed.Ericwasfound____24____facedowninthedeepend.Whathappenednextwasa____25____textbookresponse:AsRawlingsdivedinthepool,graspedtheboy,____26____himoverandswamhimtotheend.Meanwhile,theirhost,SarahRoth,dialed911.Atthepool’s____27____,RawlingshandedEricuptohismother.Hisskinwasblueandwasn’tbreathing.Rawlingswho’dtakenaCPRcoursejustfourmonthsearlier,immediatelybeganrescuebreathing.Hangingupthephone,Roth,aformerflightattendantwho’daccumulated____28____experiencebefore,____29____CPRfromRawlings.ThreelongminuteswentbywithRothbreathingintoEric’smouthand_____30_____chestcompressions(按压)whileRawlingsandJones_____31_____hiscondition.Graduallyhiscolor_____32_____,andastheambulancewasarrivingonthe_____33_____,RawlingslookedatRoth.“He’sbreathing,”shesaid.The_____34_____withwhichthewomenactedsavedEric’slife.EmmaJonesfoundanywordsseemedpowerless.Shesaid_____35_____,“Theydideverythingright.”21.A.encounter B.union C.gathering D.game22.A.trace B.symptom C.footprint D.signal23.A.found B.examined C.fixed D.scanned24.A.floating B.lying C.sinking D.diving25.A.initial B.typical C.creative D.effective26.A.rolled B.knocked C.checked D.ran27.A.point B.edge C.stage D.boundary28.A.accessible B.apparent C.sufficient D.significant29.A.tookup B.tookin C.tookplace D.tookover30.A.performing B.working C.testing D.stretching31.A.maintained B.monitored C.adapted D.generated32.A.faded B.changed C.returned D.revealed33.A.pool B.scene C.route D.venue34.A.courage B.kindness C.persistence D.decisiveness35.A.actually B.fairly C.finally D.simply【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.A25.B26.A27.B28.C29.D30.A31.B32.C33.B34.D35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在一次聚会上EmmaJones的三岁儿子不小心掉到水里，她的朋友们果断运用CPR急救知识救了她儿子的故事。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在去年7月的一次妈妈和孩子们的聚会上，Jones一会儿还在看着Eric和其他孩子玩耍。A.encounter遭遇；B.union结合；C.gathering聚会；D.game游戏。根据“OnemomentJoneswaswatchingEricplayaroundwiththeotherchildren”可知，事情发生在妈妈和孩子们的聚会上。故选C。【22题详解】考查名词动词词义辨析。句意：接着他就消失得无影无踪了。A.trace痕迹；B.symptom症状；C.footprint足迹；D.signal信号。根据“SheturnedtoherfriendMachelRawlingsandasked,“HaveyouseenEric?””可知，Eric不见了，消失的无影无踪。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Rawlings站起来，扫视着池塘，突然尖叫起来。A.found发现；B.examined检查；C.fixed修理；D.scanned扫描、审视。根据“thepoolandsuddenlyscreamed.”可知，Rawlings为了寻找Eric，站起起来扫了一眼游泳池，然后突然尖叫起来。故选D。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Eric被发现时脸朝下漂浮在深水区。A.floating漂浮；B.lying躺；C.sinking下沉；D.diving潜水。根据“facedowninthedeepend.”可知，Eric被发现时漂浮在深水区。故选A。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：接下来发生的事情是典型的教科书式的反应：Rawlings跳入泳池，抓住男孩，把他翻过来，然后游到泳池尽头。A.initial开始的；B.typical典型的；C.creative创造的；D.effective有效的。根据“textbookresponse”和“AsRawlingsdivedinthepool,graspedtheboy,____6____himoverandswamhimtotheend.”可知，Rawlings拯救Eric一系列的动作是典型的教科书式的反应。故选B。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：接下来发生的事情是典型的教科书式的反应：Rawlings跳入泳池，抓住男孩，把他翻过来，然后游到泳池尽头。A.rolled翻滚；B.knocked敲；C.checked检查；D.ran跑。rollsbover表示“把某人翻过来”。根据“AsRawlingsdivedinthepool,graspedtheboy,”可知，Rawlings救助落水小孩的一系列动作，跳下泳池，抓住孩子，把他翻转过来，并把他推到岸边。故选A。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在泳池边，Rawlings把Eric交给了他的母亲。他的皮肤发紫，没有呼吸。A.point点；B.edge边缘；C.stage舞台；D.boundary边界。根据“andswamhimtotheend”可知，此处应指泳池边缘。故选B。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Roth挂了电话，从Rawlings手中接管心肺复苏的工作，她以前是一名空姐，积累了足够的经验。A.accessible可进入的；B.apparent明显的；C.sufficient足够的；D.significant重要的。根据“Roth,aformerflightattendant”可知，Roth之前是一名空姐，之前她已经积累了足够的经验。故选C。【29题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：Roth挂了电话，从Rawlings手中接管心肺复苏的工作，她以前是一名空姐，积累了足够的经验。A.tookup从事；B.tookin接受；C.tookplace发生；D.tookover接管，接受，接替，接任。根据“Roth,aformerflightattendantwho’daccumulated____8____experiencebefore,”可知，Roth接替Rawling继续接管做心肺复苏的工作。故选D。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：漫长的三分钟过去了，Roth对着Eric的嘴呼吸，并进行胸部按压，而Rawlings和Jones则在监控他的情况。A.performing表现；执行；B.working工作；C.testing测试；D.stretching伸展。根据“chestcompressions(按压)”可知，Roth一边往Eric的口中吹气，一边执行挤压执行他的胸膛。故选A。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：漫长的三分钟过去了，Roth对着Eric的嘴呼吸，并进行胸部按压，而Rawlings和Jones则在监控他的情况。A.maintained维持；B.monitored监控；C.adapted适应；D.generated产生。根据“ThreelongminuteswentbywithRothbreathingintoEric’smouthand____10____chestcompressions(按压)”可知，当Roth一边对Eric施救的时候，RawlingsandJones则观察和监控Eric的身体状况。故选B。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，他的脸色恢复了，当救护车到达现场时，Rawlings看着Roth。A.faded变淡；B.changed改变；C.returned返回；D.revealed显示。根据前文“Hisskinwasblueandwasn’tbreathing.”可知，Eric的皮肤变青了。后来经过急救，颜色逐渐恢复了正常。故选C。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，他的脸色恢复了，当救护车到达现场时，Rawlings看着Roth。A.pool游泳池；B.scene现场；C.route路线；D.venue场所。根据“andastheambulancewasarriving”可知，救护车到达现场。故选B。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些女人的果断行动救了Eric的命。A.courage勇气；B.kindness善良；C.persistence坚持；D.decisiveness坚决；果断。根据“withwhichthewomenactedsavedEric’slife.”及上文可知，三个妇女在救人的时候非常果断。故选D。35题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她只是说：“他们做的每件事都是对的。”A.actually实际上；B.fairly相当地；C.finally最终；D.simply仅仅、只是。根据“EmmaJonesfoundanywordsseemedpowerless.”可知，不知道如何表达对两位朋友的感激之情。所以她直接说，她们做的分毫不差。故选D。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Bioprintingismedicallyandbio—technologicallysimilarto3Dprinting.Byusingthesameprinciples,theaimisto___36___(rapid)developlivingstructuressimilartohuman-grownorgansandtissuethatcanbeusedtotreatpeopleortestnewdrugs.Bioprintingmaybearelativelynewfieldbuttheresultssofarare___37___(encourage).Australianresearchershaveusedneuralcellsinacustom-madebioinktocreatea“desktopbrain”___38___allowsdoctorstotestbrainfunction,newdrugsandstudybraindisorders.Meanwhile,medicinescientistsintheUShavecreatedabioprinterable___39___(construct)ear,muscleandbonestructureswiththerightsize,___40___(strong)aswellasfunctionforimplantation.Oneoftheprimarygoalsofbioprintingistocreatefunctioningorgans,forexample,hearts.Byprintingcompatible(兼容的)organsusingapatient'sowncells,thedonor___41___(wait)listcouldbecomeathingofthepast.Toget___42___thispointtherehavebeensomeimportantbreakthroughsinprintingvascularized(血管化的)tissueincomplex3Dshapes.Organprintingcanimprove___43___healthof