2022年辽宁省部分中学高二下学期期末英语试题

省部分中学2023届新高三摸底考试暨高二年级期末质量检测英语试题考生注意：考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABelowisalistofthemostworthwhilewritingcompetitionsavailable.TALFFlashFictionCompetitionThethemeofthiscontestfromThemeArtsandLiteratureFestivalis"ThePrimeofLile"inrecognitionofthel5thanniversaryofthedeathofMurielSpark.Youcandealwiththisthemeinanygenre(体裁)andinanywayyouchoose,althoughyouarelimitedto500words.Prizes:£200,£100,£50.EntryFee:£8.WildNaturePoetryAward2022HerewehaveanewcontestfromIndigoDreamsPublishing.Itisforpoemsofupto48linesonthesubjectofcruelsports,wildlifeingeneral,thenaturalworld,ortheenvironment.Prizes:£200,£100,£75.EntryFee:£5.SPMPoetryBookCompetitionThisinternationalcontestfromSentinelPoetryMovementisforfull-lengthpoetrycollectionsonanythemeandinanystyle.Toenter,yousubmitupto20pagesinitially.Ifshortlisted(入围),youhavetosubmitthefullcollectionbeforeDecember31.Prizes:£500,£250,£100.EntryFee:£25.PoetrySpaceCompetition2022Here'sanewcontestfromPoetrySpace,anonlineplatformformodernpoetryfromaroundtheworld,whichrequirespoemsofupto40linesonanysubject.Youhavetobeover16toenter.ThejudgeisRosieJackson,apoetandcreativewritingtutor.Prizes:£300,£200,£100.EntryFee:£5.1.WhatisspecialaboutTALFFlashFictionCompetition?A.Itrequiresnoentryfee. B.Itisaboutacertaintheme.C.Ithasthelongesthistory. D.Itwasstartedbyafamousperson.2.Whichcontestrequestspartoftheentryfirst?A.SPMPoetryBookCompetition. B.PoetrySpaceCompetition2022.C.WildNaturePoetryAward2022. D.TALFFlashFictionCompetition.3.WhatcanweknowaboutthecontestfromPoetrySpace?A.Itisayearlycontest. B.Anyonecantakepart.C.Ithasmorethanonelimit. D.Inoffersthemostprizemoney.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】【详解】这是一篇应用文，主要介绍了几个值得参加的写作竞赛。1.细节理解题。根据TALFFlashFictionCompetition中的“ThethemeofthiscontestfromThemeArtsandLiteratureFestivalis"ThePrimeofLile"inrecognitionofthel5thanniversaryofthedeathofMurielSpark”可知，这种竞赛的主题是艺术和文学，以此纪念MurielSpark逝世15周年。由此可知这种竞赛有一定的主题。故选B。2细节理解题。根据SPMPoetryBookCompetition中的“Toenter,yousubmitupto20pagesinitially.Ifshortlisted(入围),youhavetosubmitthefullcollectionbeforeDecember31.”可知，为了入围，你要递交20页的初稿。如果入围，你必须在12月31日3细节理解题。根据PoetrySpaceCompetition2022中的“whichrequirespoemsofupto40linesonanysubject.Youhavetobeover16toenter.”可知，这个竞赛有两个要求。一个是：诗歌要求40行；其二是：年龄要在16岁以上。因此这种竞赛的限制不止一个。故选C。BOnSept25,ateamofdoctorsmademedicalhistory.Inatwo-hourprocedure,ledbyDrRobertMontgomeryatNewYorkUniversity(NYU)LangoneHealthintheUS,doctorssuccessfullyattachedakidney(肾)fromagenetically-engineered(转基因的)pigtoahuman.Thekidneyfunctionednormallyandwasn’trejected(排斥)bytheperson’simmunesystem.Montgomerysaidthatthesuccesswasgreat.“Itwasakidneythatwasimmediatelyfunctioning,”MontgomerytoldCBSNews.Therecipient(接受者)wasabrain-deadpatientwithsignsofkidneydysfunction(功能障碍)whosefamilyagreedtotheexperimentbeforeshewasduetobetakenofflifesupport,researcherstoldReuters.Forthreedays,thekidneywasattachedtothepatient’sbloodvessels(血管)bytheupperlegandkeptoutsideherbody.Thiskidneywasnevermeanttoserveasapermanentlyfunctioningorganforthepatient.Instead,thepointoftheoperationwastotestwhetherthebodywouldrejecttheorgan.Researchershavebeenworkingtowardthepossibilityofusinganimalorgans,forexamplepigs’,fortransplantsforyears.Theproblemliesinhowtopreventthebodyfromrejectingtheorgan.Thisiswheretheideaofusinganorganfromagenetically-engineeredpigcameintoplay.AccordingtoPopularScience,pigcellscontainasugarmolecule(分子)thatisforeigntothehumanbodyandcausesorganrejection.Montgomery’steamthoughtthatusingagenetically-engineeredpigthatwouldn’tproducethissugarmoleculewouldovercometheproblemoforganrejection.Thiscouldgivehopetomanycommonpeople.MontgomerysaidthattheNYUkidneytransplant(移植)experimentwouldbringhopeforpatientswithkidneyfailurepossiblyinthenextyearortwo,CNNreported.Whilethereisstillmuchtobedonebeforeentirepigorgansareregularlyusedinpeople,thefutureitselfisencouraging.AmyFriedmantoldTheNewYorkTimesthatshehopesthatinthefuture,itwillbepossibletouseotherorgansgrowninpigsaswell.“It’strulyunbelievabletothinkofhowmanytransplantswemightbeabletooffer.”4.Whatwastheaimoftheexperiment?A.Tofindoutwhatcauseskidneydysfunction.B.Totestiftheanimalorganwouldberejected.C.Tostudywhatcausesthehumanbodytorejectanorgan.D.Toseewhatkindsofanimalorganscouldworkinhumans.5.Howdidtheresearchersovercomethechallenge?A.Byenlargingthesugarmolecule.B.Byadjustingthepositionofthekidney.C.Byusingagenetically-engineeredpig.D.Byaddingasugarmoleculetotheorgan.6.What’sthemeaningoftheexperiment?A.Itdevelopedapermanentlyfunctioningorgan.B.Itprovidesaperfectsolutiontokidneyfailure.C.Itisthefirsttimeabrain-deadpatienthasbeencured.D.Itmarksasteptowardusingpigkidneysfortransplants.7.What’sFriedman’sattitudetowardtheprospectofusingentirepigorgansfortransplants?A.Doubtful. B.Worried.C.Positive. D.Uncertain.【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了罗伯特·蒙哥马利博士带领的医疗团队成功地将从一头转基因猪猪身上摘下的肾脏移植到人体，且功能正常，这一实验为肾功能衰竭患者带来了希望。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“Thiskidneywasnevermeanttoserveasapermanentlyfunctioningorganforthepatient.Instead,thepointoftheoperationwastotestwhetherthebodywouldrejecttheorgan.(这个肾脏本来就不是用来作为病人的永久功能器官的。相反，手术的目的是测试身体是否会排斥器官)”可知，手术实验的目的是测试动物器官是否会被排斥。故选B项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Theproblemliesinhowtopreventthebodyfromrejectingtheorgan.(问题在于如何防止身体对器官的排斥)”和第七段“Montgomery’steamthoughtthatusingagenetically-engineeredpigthatwouldn’tproducethissugarmoleculewouldovercometheproblemoforganrejection.(蒙哥马利的团队认为，使用不会产生这种糖分子的转基因猪可以克服器官排斥的问题)”可知，研究人员利用转基因猪来克服器官排斥的问题。故选C项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第七段“Montgomery’steamthoughtthatusingagenetically-engineeredpigthatwouldn’tproducethissugarmoleculewouldovercometheproblemoforganrejection.Thiscouldgivehopetomanycommonpeople.(蒙哥马利的团队认为，使用不会产生这种糖分子的转基因猪可以克服器官排斥的问题。这可以给许多普通人带来希望)”和第八段中“MontgomerysaidthattheNYUkidneytransplant(移植)experimentwouldbringhopeforpatientswithkidneyfailure,possiblyinthenextyearortwo,CNNreported.(据美国有线电视新闻网报道，蒙哥马利表示，纽约大学的肾移植实验可能在未来一两年为肾衰竭患者带来希望)”可推知，纽约大学的肾移植实验证明转基因猪可以克服器官排斥问题，标志着猪肾移植又向前迈进了一步。故选D项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“AmyFriedmantoldTheNewYorkTimesthatshehopesthatinthefuture,itwillbepossibletouseotherorgansgrowninpigsaswell.‘It’strulyunbelievabletothinkofhowmanytransplantswemightbeabletooffer.’(艾米·弗里德曼在接受《纽约时报》采访时表示，她希望将来也能使用猪身上生长的其他器官。‘一想到我们能提供多少移植手术，就觉得难以置信。’)”可推知，Friedman对于移植猪身上的其他器官充满期待，持乐观态度。故选C项。CLikemostrobots,socialrobotsuseartificialintelligencetodecidehowtoactoninformationreceivedthroughcamerasandothersensors.Theabilitytorespondinwaysthatseemlifelikehasbeeninformedbyresearchintosuchissuesashowperceptions(知觉)form,whatconstitutessocialandemotionalintelligence,andhowpeoplecaninferothers’thoughtsandfeelings.AdvancesinAlhaveenableddesignerstotranslatesuchpsychologicalandneuroscientificinsightsintoalgorithmsthatallowrobotstorecognizevoices,fecesandemotions;interpretspeechandgestures;respondappropriatelytocomplexverbalandnonverbalcues;makeeyecontact;speakconversationally;andadapttopeople’sneedsbylearningfromfeedback,rewardsandcriticisms.A47-inchhumanoid(类人物)calledPepper(fromSoftBankRobotics)recognizesfacesandbasichumanemotionsandengagesinconversationsviaatouchscreeninits“chest,”About15,000Peppersworldwideperformsuchservicesashotelcheck-ins,airportcustomerservice,shoppingassistanceandfast-foodcheckout.Temi(fromTemiUSA)andLoomo(SegwayRobotics)arethenextgenerationofpersonalassistants—likeAmazonEchoandGoogleHomebutmobile,providinganewleveloffunctionality.Loomo,forinstance,isnotonlyacompanionbutcanalsotransformoncommandintoascooter(小型摩托车)fortransport.Socialrobotshaveparticularappealforassistingtheworld’sgrowingelderlypopulation.ThePAROTherapeuticRobot(developedbyJapan’sNationalInstituteofAdvancedIndustrialScienceandTechnology),whichlookslikeaseal,softandcute,ismeanttostimulateandreducestressforthosewithAlzheimer’sdiseaseandotherpatientsincarefacilities:itrespondstoitsnamebymovingitshead,anditcriesforpetting.Mabu(CataliaHealth)engagespatients,particularlytheelderly,asawellnessaide,remindingthemtotakewalksandmedicationandtocallfamilymembers.Socialrobotsarealsogainingpopularitywithconsumersastoys.Earlyattemptstoincludesocialbehaviorintoys,suchasHasbro’sBabyAliveandSony’sAIBOroboticdog,hadlimitedsuccess.Butbothareresurging(复活),andthemostrecentversionofAIBOhasadvancedvoiceandgesturerecognition,canbetaughttricksanddevelopsnewbehaviorsbasedonpreviousinteractions.Worldwidesalesofconsumerrobotsreachedanestimated$5.6billionin2018,andthemarketisexpectedtogrowto$19billionbytheendof2025,withmorethan65millionrobotssoldayear.Thistrendmayseemsurprisinggiventhatmultiplewell-fundedconsumerrobotcompanies,suchasJiboandAnki,havefailed.Butawaveofrobotsislininguptotaketheplaceofoldrobots,includingBUDDY(BlueFrogRobotics),abig-eyedmobiledevicethatplaysgamesinadditiontoactingasapersonalassistantandprovidinghomeautomationandsecurity.8.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Howsocialrobotsreceiveinformation.B.Whatresearchhasbeenconductedaboutsocialrobots.C.Whysocialrobotscanrespondinlifelikeways.D.Howdesignerstranslateinsightsintosocialrobots.9.ExamplesareusedinParagraph2toshowthatsocialrobotsare________.A.fillinganexpandingvarietyofroles B.gettinghigherintelligenceC.interactingwithpeople D.learningtorespondinlifelikeways10.Accordingtothepassageweknowthat________.A.socialrobotscanhavevariousformsandappearancesB.PAROcaninteractwithpeoplebymovingitsheadlikeadogC.themostrecentversionofAIBOhasachievedasgreatsuccessasbeforeD.thesalesofconsumerrobotshavebeenincreasingaseverexpected11.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Morecompanieswillinvestonsocialrobots.B.Socialrobotsplaynicelywithhumanbeings.C.Socialrobotshavegreateffectsonelderpeople’slife.D.Artificialintelligenceenablessocialrobotstomakedecisions.【答案】8.C9.A10.A11.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了社交机器人的功能发展，从人工智能技术的应用使社交机器人可以运转，讲到不同形态的机器人丰富人类的生活，再讲到各品牌的机器人发展的增长。【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段的主要内容，尤其是Likemostrobots,socialrobotsuseartificialintelligencetodecidehowtoactoninformationreceivedthroughcamerasandothersensors.(和大多数机器人那样，socialrobots用人工智能去处理它摄像机和传感器接收到的信号)以及后文陈述的高等级的AIrecognizevoice,facesandemotions等等可知，本段主要解答了为什么人工智能能逼真地做出回应。C.Whysocialrobotscanrespondinlifelikeways.(为什么人工智能能逼真地做出回应)符合以上说法，故选C项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的Temi(fromTemiUSA)andLoomo(SegwayRobotics)arethenextgenerationofpersonalassistants—likeAmazonEchoandGoogleHomebutmobile,providinganewleveloffunctionality.Loomo,forinstance,isnotonlyacompanionbutcanalsotransformoncommandintoascooter(小型摩托车)fortransport.(来自TemiUSA的Temi和Loomo是新一代的个人助理——就像亚马逊的Echo和谷歌的Home一样，除了是移动设备，他们还提供了一个新的功能级别。例如：Loomo不仅是一个伙伴，而且还可以根据命令转换成一个交通用的小型摩托车)可知，举例是为了说明这些社交机器人有很多功能和角色。A.fillinganexpandingvarietyofroles(扮演越来越多的角色)符合以上说法，故选A项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的ThePAROTherapeuticRobot(developedbyJapan’sNationalInstituteofAdvancedIndustrialScienceandTechnology),whichlookslikeaseal,softandcute,ismeanttostimulateandreducestressforthosewithAlzheimer'sdiseaseandotherpatientsincarefacilities:itrespondstoitsnamebymovingitshead,anditcriesforpetting.Mabu(CataliaHealth)engagespatients,particularlytheelderly,asawellnessaide,remindingthemtotakewalksandmedicationandtocallfamilymembers.Socialrobotsarealsogainingpopularitywithconsumersastoys.(帕罗治疗机器人（由日本国立先进科学技术开发）看起来像一个海豹，柔软可爱，是在治疗中心为了刺激和减轻压力与阿尔兹海默病和其他病的仪器。它通过摇头响应它的名字，哭着祈求爱抚。Mabu是病人，尤其是老年人的健康助手，提醒他们散步、服药、并打电话给家人。社交机器人作为玩具也受到消费者的欢迎)可推测，社交机器人有各种形态和特征。A.socialrobotscanhavevariousformsandappearances(社交机器人有各种形态和外貌)符合以上推测，故选A项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第三段的Socialrobotshaveparticularappealforassistingtheworld’sgrowingelderlypopulation.(社交机器人对于帮助世界上不断增加的老年人口有着特殊的吸引力)和第四段的Worldwidesalesofconsumerrobotsreachedanestimated$5.6billionin2018,andthemarketisexpectedtogrowto$19billionbytheendof2025,withmorethan65millionrobotssoldayear.(2018年，全球消费型机器人的销售额预计达到56亿瑞士法郎，到2025年底，这一市场预计增长到190亿美元，每年将出售6500多万台机器人)可知，本文主要讲述了社交机器人受到人们的欢迎，因为它们的需求量在不断增加。B.Socialrobotsplaynicelywithhumanbeings.(社交机器人和人类相处得好)可以作为本文标题，故选B项。DGoingtouniversityissupposedtobeamind-broadeningexperience.Thatstatementisprobablymadeincomparisontotrainingforworkstraightafterschool.Butisitactuallytrue?JessikaGolleoftheUniversityofTubingen,inGermanyreportsinPsychologicalSciencethisweekthatthosewhohavebeentouniversityindeedseemtoleavewithbroaderandmorecuriousmindsthanthosewhohavespenttheirimmediatepost-schoolyearsinvocational(职业的)trainingforwork.However,itwasnotthecasethatuniversitybroadenedminds.Rather,vocationaltrainingforworkseemedtohavenarrowedthem.Theresultisnotquitewhatmightbeexpected.Dr.Gollecametothisconclusionaftersheandateamofcolleaguesstudiedtheearlycareersof2,095Germanyoungsters.Theteamusedtwostandardizedteststoassesstheirvolunteers’personalitytraits(特点)includingopenness,conscientiousness(认真)andsoon,andattitudessuchasrealistic,investigativeandenterprisingtwice,oncetowardstheendofeachvolunteer’stimeathighschool,andthenagainsixyearslater.Oftheoriginalgroup,382hadtomakeachoicebetweentheacademicandvocationalroutes,anditwasonthesethattheresearchersfocused.Universitybeckonedfor212ofthem.Theremaining170chosevocationaltrainingandajob.Whenitcametothesecondroundoftests,Dr.Gollefoundthatthepersonalitiesofbothgroupshadnotchangedsignificantly.Asforchangesinaltitude,again,nonewerenoticeableintheuniversitygroup.However,thosewhohadchosenthevocationalrouteshowedmarkeddropsininterestintasksthatareinvestigativeandenterprisinginnature.Andthatmightrestricttheirchoiceofcareers.Thechangesinattitudethattheresearchersrecordedweremoreworrying.VocationaltraininghasalwaysbeenwhatGermanypridesitselfon.IfDrGolleiscorrect,andchangesinattitudebroughtaboutbytheverytrainingarenarrowingpeople’schoicesthatisindeedamatterworthyofseriousconsideration.12.WhatdoesDr.Colle’sresearchsuggest?A.Goingtouniversityisamind-broadeningexperience.B.Collegestudentspridethemselvesontheireducation.C.Workingstraightafterschoolnarrowspeople’sminds.D.Attendinguniversityhasapparenteffectsonpersonalities.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“beckonedfor”inParagraph2mean?A.Examined. B.Attracted.C.Organized. D.Recognized14.Whatcanwelearnaboutvocationaltraining?A.itisessentialtoscientificresearch.B.Itleadstomarkedchangeinpersonality.C.Ithelpstobroadenthevolunteers’minds.D.Itcauseslessinterestininvestigativejob.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefinding?A.Skeptical. B.Optimistic.C.Concerned. D.Unclear.【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍德国学者JessikaGolle通过研究表明并非大学教育让人思维开阔，而是职业训练让学生对调查型、创新型的工作降低了兴趣，从而限制了该部分学生的职业选择。然而德国人向来以职业训练为傲，这引起了作者的忧虑。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的中“vocationaltrainingforworkseemedtohavenarrowedthem”及第三段中的“However,thosewhohadchosenthevocationalrouteshowedmarkeddropsininterestintasksthatareinvestigativeandenterprisinginnature.Andthatmightrestricttheirchoiceofcareers”可知，JessikaGolle的研究发现，职业训练降低了学生对探究性工作的兴趣，限制了他们的职业选择，也就是说毕业后直接工作会使人们的思想狭隘，故选C。【13题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词前后的“Oftheoriginalgroup,382hadtomakeachoicebetweentheacademicandvocationalroutes,”及“Theremaining170chosevocationaltrainingandajob.”可知，此项研究中的382人，其中170人选择接受职业训练或工作，其余212人进入大学，也就是说大学吸引了212人，由此可知画线词词义为“吸引”，故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“thosewhohadchosenthevocationalrouteshowedmarkeddropsininterestintasksthatareinvestigativeandenterprisinginnature”可知，职业训练降低了学生对探究创新型工作的兴趣，故选D。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段内容，特别是“Thechangesinattitudethattheresearchersrecordedweremoreworrying.VocationaltraininghasalwaysbeenwhatGermanypridesitselfon.”可知，职业训练存在降低学生的兴趣、限制职业选择的缺点，但德国人却以职业训练为傲，这引起作者的担忧，故选C。【点睛】本篇第2题词义猜测的难度较大，抓住研究中的人数变动的是关键，根据画线词前后的“Oftheoriginalgroup,382hadtomakeachoicebetweentheacademicandvocationalroutes,”及“Theremaining170chosevocationaltrainingandajob.”可知，此项研究中的382人，其中170人选择接受职业训练或工作，“remaining”一词表明大学吸引走了212人，由此可知画线词词义为“吸引”。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。GlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)isnowapartofeverydaydrivinginmanycountries.Itisaspace-basedsystemthatprovidespositionandtimeinformationinallweatherconditions.GPScanhelppeoplegettowheretheywanttogo.___16___Whenthishappens,thedriverisoftentoblame.SometimesaGPSerrorisresponsible.Mostoften,itisacombinationofthetwo.___17___BarryBrown,aGPStechnologist,tookanincidentasanexample.HisfriendonceflewtoanairportintheeasternUnitedStates.ThereheborrowedaGPS-equippedcartouse.Hewronglypluggedinthehomeaddressinthewest.Itwasn'tuntilhewasdrivingforthirtyminutesthatherealizedit.Mr.Brownsaysthisisacommonhumanerror.Buthesays,“OneproblemisthatGPShasaverysmallscreenanditcanjusttellyouthenextturn.___18___”“TheNormalandNaturalTroublesofDrivingwithGPS”listsseveralareaswhereGPScancausedifficulties.Theyincludemapsthatareoutdated,incorrectordifficulttounderstand.___19___GPSmayfailduetothesereasonsandthenleadtoconfusionforthedrivers.AlthoughGPSsometimescausesdifficultieswhenpeoplearedriving,themostattractivepointofthissystemisits100%coverageontheplanet.ItisimportantforyoutohavetoknowwhatyouaredoingwhenyouuseGPS.Youneedtohavethe“ability”tobeabletouseGPSbecauseitsometimesgoeswrong.___20___A.TherearequiteafewsituationsshowingtheproblemsofusingGPS.BThatmeansthatitisnotreallytellingyouaboutgoingtothewrongplace.C.Thisspace-basedsystemisanimportanttoolforcivilandcommercialusers.D.Butsometimesitsendsyoutothewrongplaceorleavesyoucompletelylost.E.TheyalsocontaintimingproblemsrelatedtowhenGPScommandsaregiven.F.AdvancesintechnologyplayanactiveroleinmodernizingGPSinmanyways.G.TomakeGPSwellused,youneedagoodunderstandingofhowdriversandGPSwork.【答案】16.D17.A18.B19.E20.G【解析】【分析】【导语】本文是说明文。GPS能给驾驶者提供全天候覆盖全球的时间和位置信息，但也带来一些问题。【16题详解】根据前文“GPScanhelppeoplegettowheretheywanttogo.”（GPS可以帮助人们到达他们想去的地方。）说到GPS的便利，下文“Whenthishappens,thedriverisoftentoblame.SometimesaGPSerrorisresponsible.Mostoften,itisacombinationofthetwo.”（当这种情况发生时，司机往往是罪魁祸首。有时是GPS的错误造成的。大多数情况下，它是两者的结合。）可知，后面说到GPS出现的问题，可推断，文意反转，D项But表示转折。故选D。【17题详解】本空位于句首，起到统领下文的作用。根据后文“BarryBrown,aGPStechnologist,tookanincidentasanexample.HisfriendonceflewtoanairportintheeasternUnitedStates.ThereheborrowedaGPS-equippedcartouse.Hewronglypluggedinthehomeaddressinthewest.Itwasn'tuntilhewasdrivingforthirtyminutesthatherealizedit.Mr.Brownsaysthisisacommonhumanerror.”（全球定位系统技术专家巴里·布朗举了一个例子。他的朋友曾经飞到美国东部的一个机场。在那里，他借了一辆装有GPS的车。他把家庭地址错插在西边了。直到开了三十分钟他才意识到这一点。布朗先生说，这是一个常见的人为错误。）举例具体说存在的问题。此句是段落主题阐述有相当多的情况显示了使用GPS的问题。故选A。【18题详解】根据前文“Buthesays,“OneproblemisthatGPShasaverysmallscreenanditcanjusttellyouthenextturn.”（但他表示:“一个问题是，GPS的屏幕非常小，它只能告诉你下一个转弯。）GPS告诉你下一个拐弯，但是不等于告诉你去错误的地点，与B项吻合。故选B。【19题详解】根据上文“‘TheNormalandNaturalTroublesofDrivingwithGPS’listsseveralareaswhereGPScancausedifficulties.Theyincludemapsthatareoutdated,incorrectordifficulttounderstand.”（《使用GPS驾驶的正常和自然的问题》列出了几个可能导致GPS困难的领域。它们包括过时、不正确或难以理解的地图。）。前文说GPS出现的若干问题，选项E列举了另一个问题，文意连贯。故选E。【20题详解】此句在段尾，是对本段的总结。根据空前“AlthoughGPSsometimescausesdifficultieswhenpeoplearedriving,themostattractivepointofthissystemisits100%coverageontheplanet.ItisimportantforyoutohavetoknowwhatyouaredoingwhenyouuseGPS.Youneedtohavethe“ability”tobeabletouseGPSbecauseitsometimesgoeswrong.”（虽然GPS有时会在人们开车时造成困难，但这个系统最吸引人的一点是它在地球上的100%覆盖。重要的是，当你使用GPS时，你必须知道你在做什么。你需要有“能力”能够使用GPS，因为它有时会出错。）可知，前面强调使用GPS要明白的地方，前面的youneedto和G项的youneed一致，故选G。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处最佳选项。Concernsabouttheharmcausedby“toomuch”screentime—particularlywhenitisspentonsocialmedia—arewidespread.Butworkingoutwhata“healthy”___21___mightbeisfarfromeasy.Somenegativeexperiencesonsocialmedia—like___22___howyourappearancecomparestoothers—doaffectsomechildren.However,thisdoesnotmeanthattechnologyusein___23___isharmfulanditisdifficulttomakeclaimsabouthowitwillaffectdifferentpeople.ConsiderthepicturepaintedbyaUNICEFreviewofexistingresearchintotheeffectsofdigitaltechnologyonchildren’s___24___comfort,includinghappiness,mentalhealthandsociallife.Ratherthanstatingthatsocialmediawasharmful,itsuggestedamore___25___effect.TheUNICEFreporthighlighteda2017studythatexamined120,000UK15-year-olds.Amongthoseteenagerswhowerethelightestusers,itwasfoundthatincreasingthetimespentusingtechnologywaslinkedto___26___comfort—possiblybecauseitwasimportantforkeepingupfriendships.___27___,amongtheheaviestusersoftechnology,anyincreaseintimewaslinkedtolowerlevelsofcomfort.Overall,theUNICEFstudysuggestedthatsomescreentimecouldbegoodforchildren’smentalhealth.Abroaderlookatevidenceprovidedbysomeotherhighqualitystudiesagainsuggeststhestoryisnot___28___.Anearlystudyin2013lookedathowthetelevisionandvideogamehabitsof11,000UKfive-year-oldsaffectedthemtwoyearslater.Itisoneoffewstudiesactually___29___theeffectsoftechnologyovertime.Itsuggestedthat,comparedwithchildrenwhowatchedonehouroftelevisionorlessonaweekday,asmallincreaseinconductproblemswasseenamongthosewhowatchedmorethanthreehourseachday.Playingelectronicgames,however,wasnotseenasleadingtoagreater___30___offriendshiporemotionalproblems.Sohowmuchtimeshouldourchildrenspendlookingatscreens?Itisdifficulttobe___31___asdifferentpeoplespendtimeonlineinsuchdifferentways.Ausefulcomparisonmightbewithsugar.Broadlyspeaking,people___32___thattoomuchsugarcanbebadforyourhealth.Buttheeffectitmighthavecandependonmanyfactors,fromthetypeofsugartothepersonandtheamount.Wewouldnot___33___trustanyonewhoclaimstopredicthowsomeoneisaffectedbyconsumingonegramofsugar.Thesamecouldbesaidfor___34___usage:theoutcomesdependonsomanyfactorsthatonlyvery___35___predictionsarepossible.21.A.amount B.comparison C.experience D.medium22.A.accountingfor B.boastingof C.commentingon D.worryingabout23.A.general B.particular C.private D.public24.A.domestic B.material C.physical D.psychological25.A.complex B.dramatic C.harmless D.predictable26.A.improved B.maximum C.relative D.small27.A.Asarule B.Incontrast C.Onthewhole D.Worsestill28A.convincing B.definite C.probable D.true29.A.estimating B.experiencing C.reducing D.tracing30.A.connection B.power C.promotion D.risk31.A.balanced B.independent C.precise D.subjective32.A.agree B.forget C.object D.remember33.A.equally B.readily C.reluctantly D.weakly34A.emotiontherapy B.socialmedia C.TVbroadcasting D.videogame35.A.confident B.optimistic C.rough D.wild【答案】21.A22.D23.A24.D25.A26.A27.B28.B29.D30.D31.C32.A33.B34.B35.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了社交媒体使用的结果取决于很多因素，所以很难精确地界定一个健康的屏幕时间的量。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们普遍担心“过多”的屏幕时间（尤其是在社交媒体上）会造成伤害。但要弄清楚一个“健康”的量是多么的不容易。A.amount数量；B.comparison比较；C.experience经验；D.medium媒介。空前说人们普遍担心“过多”的屏幕时间会造成伤害，再结合下文的研究可知，要弄清楚一个健康的屏幕时间的量很不容易，故A项正确。【22题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：社交媒体上的一些负面经历，比如担心自己的外貌与别人的比较，确实会影响一些孩子。A.accountingfor导致；B.boastingof吹嘘；C.commentingon评述；D.worryingabout担心。根据空后的“howyourappearancecomparestoothers—doaffectsomechildren.”可知，担心自己的外貌与别人的比较会对一些孩子造成影响，故D项正确。【23题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：然而，这并不意味着（数字）技术的普遍使用是有害的，而且很难断言它如何影响不同的人。A.ingeneral通常、普遍；B.inparticular特别、尤其；C.inprivate私下；D.inpublic当众。根据常识可知，数字技术是现代社会的人们普遍使用的，故A项正确。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：想想联合国儿童基金会所描述的关于数字技术对儿童心理安慰的影响的研究，包括幸福、心理健康和社会生活。A.domestic国内的；B.material物质的；C.physical体力的；D.psychological心理的。根据空后的“includinghappiness,mentalhealthandsociallife.”可知此处指“心理安慰”，故D项正确。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它没有说社交媒体有害，而是表明了一种更复杂的影响。A.complex复杂的；B.dramatic引人注目的；C.harmless无害的；D.predictable可预言的。根据下文对其研究发现的介绍可知，联合国儿童基金会的研究表明社交媒体对儿童的影响很复杂，故A项正确。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究发现，在那些最不常使用电子产品的青少年中，增加使用电子产品的时间可能与提高舒适度有关，因为这对维持友谊很重要。A.improved改进的、提高的；B.maximum最大极限的；C.relative相关的；D.small小的。根据空后的“possiblybecauseitwasimportantforkeepingupfriendships.”可知，因为这对维持友谊很重要，所以对那些最不常使用电子产品的青少年来说，增加使用电子产品的时间会提高舒适度，故A项正确。【27题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：相比之下，在使用科技产品最多的人群中，任何时间的增加都与舒适程度的降低有关。A.Asarule照例；B.Incontrast相比之下、与此相反；C.Onthewhole大体上；D.Worsestill更糟的是。根据语境可知，此处是与那些最不常使用电子产品的青少年的对比，故B项正确。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对其他一些高质量研究提供的证据进行更广泛的研究再次表明，这一说法并不能站得住脚。A.convincing令人信服的；B.definite一定的、确切的；C.probable可能的；D.true正确的。根据下文对2013年的一项早期研究结果的介绍可知，空前说的一些屏幕时间可能有利于儿童的心理健康这种说法是站不住脚的，故B项正确。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是为数不多的追踪技术的影响随时间变化的研究之一。A.estimating评估；B.experiencing体验；C.reducing减少；D.tracing追踪。空前说2013年的一项早期研究调查了11000名英国5岁儿童的电视和视频游戏习惯两年后对他们的影响，这说明这项研究追踪了技