2022年福建省莆田市第一中学高二下学期期末考试英语试题

莆田一中2021~2022学年度下学期期末考试试卷第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AJobPostingWelcometoourschool!Weareexcitedthatyouarethinkingaboutopportunitiestoworkwithus.Seebelowforaquickglanceatwhatthejobislikeandtheimpactyoucouldhaveonthechildren.JobPostingTitle:AssistanttoSummerSchoolStaffJobType:Part-time/Full-timeWorkingConditions:ElementaryschoolcampusWeeklyScheduledHours:Full-time40Part-time20EarliestStartDate:ImmediatelyPositionDuration:ExpectedtocontinueuntilAug31,2022Salary:Part-time$15hourlyFull-time$20hourlyWorkingHours:9:00a.m.—5:00p.m.Responsibilities*Watchoverandcareforchildrenin5—12yearsrange.*Assistinimplementinglessonplans,preparationandclean-upofmaterials,andwatchingoverchildrenbothindoorsandoutdoors.*Maintainahealthyandsafeenvironmentforchildrenthatobeyschildlicensinghealthrequirementsandguidelinesforqualitycare.*Otherrelatedfunctionsasassigned.ApplicationRequirements*Resume(简历).*Highschoolcertificateorabove.*MailingyourapplicationformtousbyJun10,2022.*Minimumofsixmonthsofexperienceworkingwithchildrenaged5—12years.*Threeprofessionalreferencelettersrequired;atleastonefromateacher.1.Whatisanassistantrequiredtodo?A.Designlessonplans. B.Safeguardchildren.C.Workthenightshift. D.Teachacademiclessons.2.Whichoffollowingwillresultindisqualification?A.Preparingapersonalresume. B.Havingworkexperience.C.Submittingonerecommendationletter. D.Beinganundergraduatestudent.3.What’stheweeklyincomeofafull-timeassistant?A.$300. B.$400. C.$600. D.$800.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是一篇暑期学校教职员助理的招聘公告，介绍了工作内容、职责和薪资等情况。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Responsibilities部分中“*Watchoverandcareforchildrenin5—12yearsrange.(*照顾5-12岁儿童)”以及“*Maintainahealthyandsafeenvironmentforchildrenthatobeyschildlicensing,healthrequirementsandguidelinesforqualitycare.(*为儿童保持健康和安全的环境，并遵守儿童许可证、健康要求和优质护理准则)”可知，助理需要保护儿童。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一部分中“*Threeprofessionalreferencelettersrequired;atleastonefromateacher.(*需要三份专业推荐信；至少有一个来自老师)”可知，提交一封推荐信会导致取消资格。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据“Salary:Part-time$15hourly；Full-time$20hourly(工资：兼职每小时15美元；全职每小时20美元)”以及“WeeklyScheduledHours:Full-time40Part-time20(每周工作时间：全职40小时，兼职20小时)”可知，全职助理的周收入是20×40=800美元。故选D。BTiredofunderpaidjobsandinconvenienthours,threeentrepreneurial(富于企业家精神的)McLeanteensdecidedtostarttheirowncompany.Theirnewcompany,TeenServ,aimstosolveteenageunemploymentwithaplatformthatmatchesstudentsandcommunitymemberswhoneedshort-termassistancewithvarioustasks.ThroughTeenServ,residentssignuptopostjobstheyneeddone.Teenssigneduptoworkcanchoosetoacceptajobdependingontheirschedulesandworkpreferences.Websiteuserscanpickupshiftswhereverandwhenevertheywant,makingitconvenientforhecticschedulesAyearago,JackLannin,QuinFrewandBenJeannotworkedaslifeguardsatalocalpool.LannintoldTysonsReporterthattheywereupsetwhenapaychange“almostcuttheirsalaryinhalf,”andtheywantedtofindanotherjobbuttherewerefewoptions.ThentheycameupwiththeideaforTeenServ.“Asidefromgettingarealjob,refereeing(担任裁判)sportsoryardwork,thereisn’treallyagoodwaytomakemoney,”Lanninsaid,addingthatevenbecomingarefereerequiresasignificantstart-upcostforteens—around$70—topayfortrainingandauniform.Theystartedoutbygoingdoortodoorandaskingcommunitymembersiftheywouldpayteensfairwagesforshort-termyardwork.Soonenough,theybegangatheringopportunities.WithhelpfromanentrepreneurshipclassatMcLeanHighSchoolandfeedbackfromteens,thestudentswereabletoturntheirideaintoareality.Sofar,thewebsitehasemployedmorethan200teens,accordingtoLannin.TeenServpaysstudentsupto$18perhour-wellaboveVirginia’sminimumwageof$7.25.ThebusinessisfocusedonmostlyMcLeanfornow,butTeenServ’sownershopetoexpandaroundFairfaxCounty.Thatinvolvesbuildingupabaseofteenworkersbeforeallowingresidentstopostjobselsewhereinthecounty.Afterall,ifresidentsneedtime-specificjobsdone,theycan’tbetheoneswaiting.4.WhatisTeenServ’sgoal?A.Toincreasethenumberofteenworkers.B.Tohelpteensdecideontheirfuturecareer.C.Toencourageteenstostarttheirownbusiness.D.Toconnectcommunityemployerstolocalteens.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hectic”inparagraph2mean?A.Regular. B.Flexible. C.Traditional. D.Busy.6.Whatproblemdidthethreefounderscomeacrosslastyear?A.Theyfailedtofindapart-timejob.B.Theyreceivedasignificantpaycut.C.Theyobtainedlittlefundingfortheirstart-up.D.Theylostagameduetoareferee’sunfairdecision.7.Whatdothethreeownersplantodo?ACreatemoretime-specificjobs. B.RaiseVirginia’sminimumwage.C.GrowtheirbusinessoutsideofMcLean. D.AllowMcLeanresidentstopostjobselsewhere.【答案】4.D5.D6.B7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了三个麦克莱恩的青少年，在厌倦了低薪和上班时间不便利的工作之后，决定创办自己的公司，该公司旨在为社区的青少年提供更多的兼职和就业岗位。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Theirnewcompany,TeenServeaimstosolveteenageunemploymentwithaplatformthatmatchesstudentsandcommunitymemberswhoneedshort-termassistancewithvarioustasksThroughTeenServe,residentssignuptopostjobstheyneeddone.”（他们的新公司TeenServe旨在解决青少年失业问题，通过一个平台，为需要短期援助的学生和社区成员匹配各种任务。）可知，TeenServe的目的是帮助将社区雇主与当地青少年联系起来。故答案选D。【5题详解】词义猜测题。根据前文中的“Theirnewcompany,TeenServeaimstosolveteenageunemploymentwithaplatformthatmatchesstudentsandcommunitymemberswhoneedshort-termassistancewithvarioustasksThroughTeenServe,residentssignuptopostjobstheyneeddone.”（他们的新公司TeenServe旨在解决青少年失业问题，通过一个平台，为需要短期援助的学生和社区成员匹配各种任务。）同时根据本句中“Websiteuserscanpickupshiftswhereverandwhenevertheywant.”（网站用户可以随时随地进行换班），可知，网站用户可以随时随地轮班，为繁忙的日程安排提供便利。D选项“busy”译为“忙碌的”，与划线单词相符，故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Ayearago,JackLannin,QuinFrewandBenJeannotworkedaslifeguardsatalocalpool.LanintoldTysonsReporterthattheywereupsetwhenapaychangealmostcuttheirsalaryinhalf.”（一年前，杰克·兰宁、奎恩·弗鲁和本·简诺特在当地一家游泳池担任救生员。拉宁告诉泰森记者，他们对薪酬变化“几乎使他们的薪水减半”感到不安），可知，去年他们所遇到的问题是：几乎自己的薪酬减半。故选B。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段段首“ThebusinessisfocusedonmostlyMcLeanfornow,butTeenServe’sownershopetoexpandaroundFairfaxCounty.”（目前，TeenServe的业务主要集中在麦克莱恩，但其所有者希望在费尔法克斯县扩大业务。）可知，他们的公司业务主要集中在麦克莱恩，但是希望扩大业务至其他地区。故选C。CAbout20yearsago,some15,000redpandaswanderedthetreetopsoftheHimalayaforestsinSouthAsia.Butwiththelargenumberofpeopleenteringtheirhabitats,theseshyandsolitary(独处的)creaturescan’tmeeteachotherandreproduce.Nowthepopulationhasdeclinedbymorethan50percent.Tosavetheredpandashere,Lamaandhisresearchteamneedtoknowwhichpartsoftheforeststheremainingpandasarelivingin.That’swherethetrackingdevicescomein.“Mappingthepaththeytravelwillletusknowwhichareasoftheforestneedtobereforestedtoconnectthemostredpandastooneanother,”Lamasays.Becauseredpandascanbehardtospotandcatch,noonehadeverusedGPScollarstostudytheminthewild.ButLamaandhisteamhadagreatplan.Theyfirstwouldmakesuretheanimalswouldbecomfortablewearingthecollars.So,theytestedthecollarsontworedpandasinalocalzoo.“Weconvincedthemtoletusmeasuretheirnecksandfitthemwiththecollarsbylettingthemchooseareward—grapes,apples,orbananas.”Lamasays.Thencamethenextchallenge:catchingredpandas.Oncetheyspottedaredpanda,ateamofvetssetupatall,fence-liketarp(油布)aroundthebaseofthetreewithaboxtrapatthebottom.Thatwaywhentheredpandaclimbeddownthetreesurroundedbythetarp,ithadnochoicebuttoenterthetrap.Itwasthenquicklycontrolled,collaredandreleased.FromSeptembertoDecember2019,theteamtrapped10redpandas—sixfemalesandfourmales.Theircollarsrecordedtheirlocationeverytwohoursandsenttheinformationtoresearchersonceaday.Overthenextyear,theteamtrackedtheredpandas’movementssothattheyidentifiedwheretoplantnewforestsandhelpedredpandasmeetmoreeasily.8.WhathasledtothesmallernumberofredpandasinSouthAsia?A.Theirnormallivesarebadlydisturbed.B.Theyaren’tadaptedtolivingingroups.C.Theirabilitytoreproduceisweakened.D.Theytrytoavoidmeetingeachother.9.Whydidtheresearchteamtrackthemovementsofredpandas?A.Tostudytheirlivingbehaviors.B.Toprotectthemfromhunters.C.Toknowwheretoplantforests.D.Tofindiftheycanoftenmeet.10.Howdidtheresearchteamconvinceredpandastowearcollars?A.Byofferingthemtreats. B.Byusingtraps.C.Bysettingtarps. D.Bymeasuringtheirnecks.11.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A.Theresearchonredpandas’reproduction.B.Thecleverwaytokeeptrackofredpandas.C.Theshrinkingpopulationofredpandas.D.Thewayofbuildinghabitatsforredpandas.【答案】8.A9.C10.A11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，本文主要介绍Lama及其研究团队通过给红熊猫佩戴颈圈的方式追踪红熊猫，以便他们确定应该在哪里种植新森林。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Butwiththelargenumberofpeopleenteringtheirhabitats,theseshyandsolitary(独处的)creaturescan’tmeeteachotherandreproduce.(但随着大量的人进入它们的栖息地，这些害羞和孤独的生物无法相遇和繁殖)”可知，正常生活被严重干扰导致了南亚红熊猫数量下降。故选A项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Tosavetheredpandashere,Lamaandhisresearchteamneedtoknowwhichpartsoftheforeststheremainingpandasarelivingin.That’swherethetrackingdevicescomein.(为了拯救这里的小熊猫，Lama和他的研究团队需要知道剩下的熊猫生活在森林的哪些部分。这就是追踪设备的作用)”及最后一段中“Overthenextyear,theteamtrackedtheredpandas’movementssothattheyidentifiedwheretoplantnewforestsandhelpedredpandasmeetmoreeasily.(在接下来的一年里，研究小组跟踪了小熊猫的活动，以便他们确定在哪里种植新森林，并帮助小熊猫更容易见面)”可知，研究人员追踪小熊猫是为了确定应该在哪里种植森林。故选C项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“‘Weconvincedthemtoletusmeasuretheirnecksandfitthemwiththecollarsbylettingthemchooseareward—grapes,apples,orbananas.’Lamasays.(‘我们说服它们让我们测量它们的脖子并安装颈圈，让它们选择奖励——葡萄、苹果或香蕉。’Lama说)”可知，研究团队通过给红熊猫提供食物作为奖励来使它们愿意佩戴颈圈。故选A项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，结合最后一段中“Overthenextyear,theteamtrackedtheredpandas’movementssothattheyidentifiedwheretoplantnewforestsandhelpedredpandasmeetmoreeasily.(在接下来的一年里，研究小组跟踪了小熊猫的活动，以便他们确定在哪里种植新森林，并帮助小熊猫更容易见面)”可知，本文主要介绍Lama及其研究团队通过给红熊猫佩戴颈圈的方式追踪红熊猫，以便他们确定应该在哪里种植新森林，故B项“追踪红熊猫的聪明办法”能够概括本文大意。故选B项。DItscarcelyseemssurprisingthatlearningtounderlineamodalverb,suchas“can”,and“may”,doeslittletohelpstudentsusethemeffectivelyintheirownwriting.Thesewordsareanywaygraspedbytinychildrenwithouttheneedtoknowwhattheyarecalled.Thismaytempttheconclusionthattheteachingofgrammarshouldbeshelvedaltogether.Buttherearereasonstoreformitratherthanthrowitaway.Understandingoflanguageispartofawidereducationinwhatmakeshumanbeingshuman.Howconceptsareturnedintosounds,andhowthosesoundscombinetoformcommandsorquestions,areissuesthathaveoccupiedmanylanguageexperts.Whattheyrevealaboutthemindhasexercisedpsychologistsandcognitive(认知的)scientists.Therearepracticalreasonstoaskchildrentoworkhardatgrammar,too.Oneisthataknowledgeofitwillmakelearningaforeignlanguageeasier.Evenifyoudidknowbynaturehowtomakeclausesinyournativelanguagesasachild—justwithoutinstruction—gettingtogripswiththeminGermanorRussianinlateryearsissimplerifyouknowhowtodefineandspotthem.Asitis,manyEnglish-speakerscometounderstandgrammarbystudyingaforeignlanguage,ratherthantheotherwayround.Forgrammarianskeenonfuturejobs,thenatural-languageprocessingfieldisbooming.Aftermanyyearsofpoorresults,technologicalwizardshavedevelopedprogramsforautomatedtranslation,speechrecognitionandotherservicesthatareactuallyusable,iffarfromperfect.Thesetoolsmayrelymoreonknowledgeofartificialintelligencethanofthesubjunctive,butlinguistic(语言学的)expertisestillmatters,andmaygivebeginnersanedgeovercompetitorswhosebestlanguageisPython(编程).Grammarcouldstillbetaughtbetter.Onesmallstudyshowedimprovementinsomestudentswhenconceptsarelinkedconcretelytowritingtasks.Acookdoesnotneedtoknowchemistrytomakeadelicioussoup.Butthescienceofhowwordscombinetomakemeaningisfascinatingandfundamental.12.Whydosomepeopleconsiderstoppingteachinggrammar?A.Teachers’teachingmethodsarefarfromsatisfactory.B.It’sunnecessaryforsmallkidstograspmodalverbs.C.Drawinglinesunderwordsfailstobeeffectiveinlearning.D.GrammarLearningdoesn’tbringobviouseffecttowriting.13.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedphrase“gettingtogripswith”inparagraph3?A.Controlling. B.Mastering.C.Holdingonto. D.Dealingwith.14.Whenitcomestofuturejobs,grammariansbelieve_______.A.agoodcommandofPythonisenoughforprogrammersB.thefieldofartificialtechnologystillshowsgreatpromiseC.beingexpertinlanguagemeansadvantagesincompetitionD.computergeniuseswillinventperfecttoolstoprocesslanguage15.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A.Grammarteachingshouldn’tbestoppedbutreformed.B.Scientificstudyofhumanbeingsbenefitsfromgrammar.C.Grammarhelpschildrentolearnforeignlanguagesbetter.D.There’smuchroomforimprovementingrammarresearch.【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了语法教学不应该停止，而应该改革。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Itscarcelyseemssurprisingthatlearningtounderlineamodalverb,suchas‘can’,and‘may’,doeslittletohelpstudentsusethemeffectivelyintheirownwriting.”(学习如何区分诸如“can”和“may”等情态动词对学生在自己的写作中有效地使用它们几乎没有帮助，这似乎并不奇怪)可知，有些人考虑停止教授语法是因为学习语法对写作没有明显的效果，故选D。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词前的“Evenifyoudidknowbynaturehowtomakeclausesinyournativelanguagesasachild—justwithoutinstruction(即使你天生就知道如何用你的母语从句——只是在没有任何指导的情况下)”和其后的“ifyouknowhowtodefineandspotthem.(如果你知道如何定义和识别它们)”可知，即使你从小就知道如何用母语造句，只是不需要指导，但如果你知道如何定义和识别它们，那么在以后的岁月里用德语或俄语来掌握它们会更简单，由此可知划线词词义为“掌握”，与B项“Mastering(掌握)”意思一样，故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Thesetoolsmayrelymoreonknowledgeofartificialintelligencethanofthesubjunctive,butlinguisticexpertisestillmatters,andmaygivebeginnersanedgeovercompetitorswhosebestlanguageisPython.”(这些工具可能更多地依赖于人工智能的知识，而不是虚拟语言的知识，但语言专业知识仍然很重要，可能会让语言初学者比那些精通编程语言的竞争对手更有优势)可知，当谈到未来的工作时，语法学家们相信精通语言意味着在竞争中占有优势，故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“Thismaytempttheconclusionthattheteachingofgrammarshouldbeshelvedaltogether.Buttherearereasonstoreformitratherthanthrowitaway.”(这可能会得出这样的结论：语法教学应该完全搁置起来。但有理由对其进行改革，而不是将其丢弃)可知，文章主要介绍的是语法教学不应该停止，而应该改革，故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Astheworldseekstoslowthepaceofclimatechangeandpreservewildlife,treesundoubtedlyholdamajorpartoftheanswer.Yetthemassdestructionoftrees--deforestation-continues,sacrificing（牺牲）thelong-termbenefitsofstandingtreesforshort-termgain.___16___Sincehumansstartedcuttingdownforests,46percentoftreeshavebeenlogged.About17percentoftheAmazonianrainforesthasbeendestroyedoverthepast50years,andlossesrecentlyhavebeenontherise.So,whatarethefactorsleadingtodeforestation?Farming,animalraising,mining,anddrillingcombinedaccountformorethanhalfofalldeforestation.___17___Plusloggingoperations,whichprovidetheworld?swoodandpaperproducts,cutdowncountlesstreeseachyear.Someloggersactingillegallyevenbuildroadstoaccessmoreandmoreremoteforests--whichleadstofurtherdeforestation.___18___Some250millionpeoplelivinginforestsdependonthemforsurvivalandincome—manyofthemamongtheworld'sruralpoor.EightypercentofEarth'slandanimalsliveinforestsanddeforestationthreatensmanyspecies.___19___TheSouthAmericanrainforest,forexample,influencesregionalandperhapsevenglobalwatercycles,whichiskeytothewatersupplyinBraziliancitiesandneighboringcountries.Luckily,amovementisunderwaytopreserveexistingforestecosystemsandrestorelosttreecover.Organizationsandactivistsareworkingtofightillegalminingandlogging.Asconsumers,itmakessensetolookforsustainablyproducedsources.___20___A.Yettheeffectsofdeforestationreachmuchfarther.B.Globally,forestsaredisappearingatanalarmingrate.C.Wildfiresandurbanizationalsoaccountforasmallpart,D.Deforestationaffectspeopleandanimalsandeventhewiderworld.E.Withthesejointefforts,manyconservationistsseereasonsforhope.F.Deforestationisresponsibleforaround15%ofallgreenhousegasemissions.G.Somedeforestationiscausedbyacombinationofhumanandnaturalfactors.【答案】16.B17.C18.D19.A20.E【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了大规模采伐森林的现状，原因，所带来的影响以及所采取的保护森林的措施。【16题详解】下文“Sincehumansstartedcuttingdownforests,46percentoftreeshavebeenlogged.About17percentoftheAmazonianrainforesthasbeendestroyedoverthepast50years,andlossesrecentlyhavebeenontherise.”（自从人类开始砍伐森林，46%的树木被砍伐。在过去的50年里，大约17%的亚马逊雨林遭到了破坏，而且最近的损失还在增加。）说明，大量的树木遭到砍伐。与B选项Globally,forestsaredisappearingatanalarmingrate.（在全球范围内，森林正在以惊人的速度消失。）语义一致。故选B项。【17题详解】上文“So,whatarethefactorsleadingtodeforestation?Farming,animalraising,mining,anddrillingcombinedaccountformorethanhalfofalldeforestation.”（那么，导致森林砍伐的因素是什么呢?农业、畜牧业、采矿和钻探加起来占了森林砍伐总量的一半以上。）说明空处应该解释森林砍伐的原因。C选项中的accountfor与前一句相对应。故选C项。【18题详解】下文“Some250millionpeoplelivinginforestsdependonthemforsurvivalandincome—manyofthemamongtheworld'sruralpoor.EightypercentofEarth'slandanimalsliveinforestsanddeforestationthreatensmanyspecies.”（生活在森林里的约2.5亿人依靠森林生存和获得收入，其中许多人属于世界农村贫困人口。地球上80%的陆地动物生活在森林中，砍伐森林威胁到许多物种。）说明森林对人和动物的影响，分别与D选项的peopleandanimals相对应。故选D项。【19题详解】下文“TheSouthAmericanrainforest,forexample,influencesregionalandperhapsevenglobalwatercycles,whichiskeytothewatersupplyinBraziliancitiesandneighboringcountries.”（例如，南美洲的热带雨林影响着区域甚至全球的水循环，这是巴西城市和周边国家供水的关键。）举例说明采伐森林的严重后果，与A选项Yettheeffectsofdeforestationreachmuchfarther.（然而，森林砍伐的影响要深远得多。）为例证关系。故选A项。【20题详解】E选项“Withthesejointefforts”是关键词，指代上文“Organizationsandactivistsareworkingtofightillegalminingandlogging.Asconsumers,itmakessensetolookforsustainablyproducedsources.”（一些组织和活动人士正在努力打击非法采矿和伐木。作为消费者，寻找可持续生产的能源是有意义的。）说明保护森林的运动起到了效果。故选E项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Anoff-dutypilotwascalleda“legend”aftersteppingintoflyaplanehimselftostoptheflightbeingcancelled.MichaelBradley,a___21___EasyJetpilot,hadaholidaywhenhe___22___flyingaplanethatwasdelayedbytwohours.HetoldpassengersonboardtheManchesterAirportflighttoAlicantethathewas___23___hisservicesastherewasnopilotavailable.Mr.Bradleysaid,“Mywifewasthenwithmylittleboy.She___24___andcomplained,‘Ourflight’sdelayedbytwohoursbecausethere’sno___25___fortheflight.’Sojustbeforewewentthroughsecurity,Iwonderifthisisworthacall.IthinkitisbecauseI’dliketogoonholiday.”Mr.BradleyphonedupEasyJetandsaid,“I’mstandinginthe___26___doingnothing.Ihavegotmy___27___withmeandI’dverymuchliketogoonholidayandifyouneeda(n)___28___,I’mstandingherereadytogo.”Andhisbossescalledhimbackinlessthanaminutetogivehimthego-ahead,saying,“Please,please,canyouflytheairplanetoAlicante?”Thenhetoldthistothepassengers.Thiswas___29___withcheersfromthepassengers.AnEasyJetspokesmansaid,“Weare___30___tooneofourpilotswhowastravellingonholidayfromManchestertoAlicanteon2nd,Septemberwithhisfamilyand___31___tooperatetheflight.This___32___customerscouldgettotheirdestinationandshowsthe___33___ofourcrew.Thisis___34___inlinewithregulationsashehadhislicenseandIDwithhim.Safetyisalwaysour___35___priority.”21.A.retired B.qualified C.clumsy D.former22.A.madeup B.heldup C.endedup D.turnedup23.A.offering B.obtaining C.changing D.showing24.A.camethrough B.cameto C.cameup D.camearound25.A.passenger B.manager C.officer D.captain26.A.station B.platform C.terminal D.square27.A.license B.passport C.visa D.ticket28.A.adventure B.favor C.assistant D.reason29.A.met B.argued C.objected D.observed30.A.suitable B.convenient C.practical D.grateful31.A.volunteered B.continued C.attempted D.struggled32.A.proved B.meant C.supported D.revealed33.A.existence B.popularity C.intention D.commitment34A.fully B.strangely C.nearly D.immediately35.A.current B.urgent C.regional D.top【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.C25.D26.C27.A28.B29.A30.D31.A32.B33.D34.A35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。一位休假的飞行员MichaelBradley自愿驾驶公司的飞机，使航班免遭取消，体现了公司员工的奉献精神。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：迈克尔·布拉德利是一名有资质的易捷航空飞行员，他在度假时驾驶了一架延误了两个小时的飞机。A.retired退休的；B.qualified合格的，有资质的；C.clumsy笨拙的；D.former前者的。根据最后的句子“hehadhislicenseandIDwithhim（他带着他的驾照和身份证）”可知，Mr.Bradley是一位有资质的飞行员。故选B项。【22题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：迈克尔布·拉德利是一名有资质的易捷航空飞行员，他在度假时驾驶了一架延误了两个小时的飞机。A.madeup弥补；B.heldup搁置；C.endedup结束；D.turnedup出现。由前面的“hadaholiday(度假)”可知，MichaelBradley本来是要去度假的，结果却成了这趟航班的飞行员。故选C项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告诉曼彻斯特机场飞往阿利坎特的航班上的乘客，由于没有飞行员，他愿意提供服务。A.offering提供；B.obtaining获取；C.changing更改；D.showing显示。由下面的句子“therewasnopilotavailable.（没有飞行员）”可知，该航班延误的原因是没有飞行员，没人开飞机，而根据第一段的“Anoff-dutypilot（不值班的飞行员）”和第二段的“a1EasyJetpilot（一个合格的易捷航空飞行员）”可知，MichaelBradley是可以开飞机的，所以他告诉乘客他可以提供服务。故选A项。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她走过来抱怨说，“我们的航班延误了两个小时，因为没有机长”。A.camethrough度过；B.cameto共计；C.cameup走过来；D.camearound苏醒。由上文的句子“Mywifewasthenwithmylittleboy.（当时我妻子和我的小儿子在一起。）”可知，他的妻子当时和他的儿子在一起，当航班被延误后，妻子走过来向他抱怨。故选C项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为没有机长，我们的航班延误了两个小时。A.passenger乘客；B.manager经理；C.officer官员；D.captain机长，队长。有第一段的句子“therewasnopilotavailable.”可知，该航班延误的原因是没有机长，没人开飞机。故选D项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我站在候机楼里什么也没干。A.station站；B.platform站台；C.terminal候机楼，航站楼；D.square广场。由第三段的句子“Mywifewasthenwithmylittleboy.Shecameupandcomplained，‘Ourflight’sdelayedbytwohoursbecausethere’snocaptainfortheflight.’”（当时我妻子和我的小儿子在一起。她走过来抱怨说，‘我们的航班延误了两个小时，因为没有机长’）”可知，MichaelBradley和妻子一起在候机楼里等飞机。故选C项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我带着执照，非常想去度假，如果你需要帮忙，我随时可以上岗。A.license执照；B.passport护照；C.visa签证；D.ticket机票。由最后一段的句子“hehadhislicenseandIDwithhim（他带着他的执照和身份证）”可知，MichaelBradley当时身上带着他的飞行执照。故选A项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我带着飞行驾照，我很想去度假，如果需要帮忙，我随时可以上岗。A.adventure冒险；B.favor帮助，支持；C.assistant助手；D.reason原因。由第三段的句子“Ourflight’sdelayedbytwohoursbecausethere’snocaptainfortheflight.（我们的航班延误了两个小时，因为没有机长）”可知，航班延误是因为没有飞行员，航空公司一定需要飞行员，需要帮助。所以MichaelBradley作为公司的飞行员给公司打电话（phonedupEasyJet）说，如果需要帮助，“我”随时上岗。故选B项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：乘客中爆发出了一阵欢呼。A.met满足；B.argued争辩；C.objected反对；D.observed观察。由该段的句子“Please,please,canyouflytheairplanetoAlicante?”Thenhetoldthistothepassengers.（拜托，拜托，你能驾飞机去阿利坎特吗？”然后他把这件事告诉了乘客）”可知，航空公司的老板先请求Mr.Bradley驾飞机去阿利坎特，然后又把这个消息告诉给乘客，这个消息当然是获得乘客的认可。故选A项。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：非常感谢我们的一名飞行员，他于9月2日与家人从曼彻斯特前往阿利坎特度假，并自愿驾驶这架飞机。A.suitable合适的；B.convenient方便的；C.practical实用的；D.grateful感激的。由下面的句子“volunteeredtooperatetheflight（自愿驾驶飞机）”和“Thismeantcustomerscouldgettotheirdestination.（这意味着客户可以到达目的地）”可知，因为MichaelBradley自愿驾驶飞机，乘客们才可以到达目的地，航空公司的发言人当然应该对MichaelBradley表示感谢。故选D项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：非常感谢我们的一名飞行员，他于9月2日与家人从曼彻斯特前往阿利坎特度假，并自愿驾驶这架飞机。A.volunteered自愿；B.continued继续；C.attempted尝试；D.struggle斗争。由第四段的句子“ifyouneeda(n)favor,I’mstandingherereadytogo.（如果你需要帮忙，我在这里随时准备上岗）”可知，Mr.Bradley是自愿驾驶这架飞机的。故选A项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着乘客可以到达目的地，也显示出我们机组人员的敬业和奉献精神。A.proved证明；B.meant意味着；C.supported支持；D.revealed揭示。本来这架飞机是没有驾驶员的，但因为Mr.Bradley“volunteeredtooperatetheflight（自愿驾驶这架飞机）”，这就意味着乘客们就能到达他们的目的地。故选B项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着乘客可以到达目的地，也显示出我们机组人员的敬业和奉献精神。A.existence存在；B.popularity受欢迎；C.intention意图；D.commitment奉献，承诺。本来Mr.Bradley是一个没上班的飞行员“anoff-dutypilot”，但是当他知道该航班没有飞行员时，他自愿担任该航班的飞行员，这体现了航空公司员工的奉献精神。故选D项。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这完全符合规定，因为他携带有飞行执照和身份证明。A.fully完全地；B.strangely奇怪地；C.nearly几乎；D.immediately立即。由下一句“hehadhislicenseandIDwithhim（他带着他的驾照和身份证）”可知，Mr.Bradley带着必备的证件且他是航空公司的员工，所以这完全符合规定。故选A项。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：安全永远是我们的第一要务。A.current目前的；B.urgent经济的；C.regional地区的；D.top最高的。此处为短语toppriority表示“最优先的，当务之急”。故选D。第二节（共10题；每题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Phrasebailangainspopularityasseverecompetitionandsocialexpectationsleavemanyyoungpeopledespondent(沮丧的).OnChina’sInternet,someyoungpeoplesaytheirambitionscan’tbeachievedandmanyofthemhavegivenupontrying.____36____(frustrate)bythemountinguncertaintiesandlack____37____economicopportunities,theyareresortingtoanewbuzzword—bailan(letitrotinEnglish)—tocapturetheirattitudetowardslife.Thephrasebailan,whichhasitsorigininNBAgames,____38____(mean)avoluntaryretreatfrompursuingcertaingoalsbecauseonerealizestheyare____39____(simple)toodifficulttoachieve.InAmericanbasketball,itoftenreferstoaplayer’sdeliberatelossofagameinordertogetabetterdraftpick.OnWeibo,thebailan-relatedtopics____40____(generate)hundredsofmillionsofreadsanddiscussionssinceMarch.Netizensalsocreateddifferent____41____(vary)ofthebailanattitude.Statemediahavetakennoteofthistrend.“____42____domodernyoungChineseliketo‘bailan’?”onerecentarticleinofficialmediaoutletasked.“Infact,thisisas____43____resultofnegativeautosuggestion,repeatedly____44____(tell)oneselfIcannotmakeit.Andthiskindofmentalityoftenleadspeople_____45_____(adopt)the‘bailan’attitude.”【答案】36.Frustrated37.of38.means39.simply40.havegenerated41.variations42.Why43.a44.telling45.toadopt【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。讲述越来越多中国年轻人“摆烂”的生活态度。【36题详解】考查过去分词。句意：由于不确定性的增加和缺乏经济机会而感到受挫，他们正在使用一个新的流行语——摆烂（英文是letitrot，让它烂掉）——来表达他们的生活态度。本句已有系动词，动词frustrate用非谓语形式，主语they与动词frustrate是被动关系，frustrate用过去分词表被动，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Frustrated。【37题详解】考查介词短语。句意：由于不确定性的增加和缺乏经济机会而感到受挫，他们正在使用一个新的流行语——摆烂（英文是letitrot，让它烂掉）——来表达他们的生活态度。lackof为固定搭配，译为“缺乏……”，故填of。【38题详解】考查主谓一致。句意：摆烂这个词起源于NBA比赛，意味着自愿放弃追求某些目标，因人们意识到这些目标太难实现了。由主语Thephrasebailan和has可知主语为名单数名词，故谓语动词mean要用单数形式，故填means。【39题详解】考查副词。句意：摆烂这个词起源于NBA比赛，意味着自愿放弃追求某些目标，因为人们意识到这些目标太难实现了。此处用副词来修饰句子“toodifficulttoachieve”，表示实在太难实现了。故填simply。【40题详解】考查时态。句意：在微博上，自3月以来与摆烂有关的话题已经产生了数亿的阅读和讨论。可知这是从3月份开始到现在发生的事情，故用现在完成时。故填havegenerated。【41题详解】考查名词。句意：网友们也对摆烂的态度产