医学资料 the libido for the ugly学习课件

LessonSeven

--H.L.MenckenTheLibidofortheUglyAims1.Toacquaintstudentswithsubjectivedescriptionwriting.2.Tohelpstudentstounderstandtheauthor’srealintentionbehindthedescription.Author

--HenryLouisMencken(1880--1956)Americaneducator,author,criticHenryLouisMencken

HislifebornandspentmostofhislifeinthecityofBaltimore,Maryland.Germanimmigrantparentscompletedhighschool;graduatedfromBaltimorePolytechnicInstituteat16areporter,dramacriticandeditorHenryLouisMenckencentralfigureinAmericanintellectuallifeduringthe1920's.highlyrespectedforliterarycriticismpowerfulinfluenceonAmericanliterature.HisworksTheAmericanLanguage1918Prejudices1919--1927HappydaysNewspaperDays1940--1943autobiographyHeathenDays25BooksandthousandsofarticlesHenryLouisMenckenleadingscholarinthefieldoflanguagemonumentalbookTheAmericanLanguage:

outstandingworkofphilology(语言学,文献学)

StylisticFeaturesBombastic(夸大的)styleandacidlanguage

NotjusttheuglinessofWestmoreland,butthewholeAmericanrace--aracethatlovesuglinessforitsownsake,thelusttomaketheworldintolerable;aracewhichhatesbeautyasithatestruth.

Thestrongestwordspossible--dreadfullyhideous,abominable,agonizingugliness,revoltingmonstrousness,leproushill,andsoon.StylisticFeaturesManyfiguresofspeechtocreatedreadfulimages,toreinforcehisverbalattack:hyperbole,sarcasm,ridicule,irony,metaphors,similes.Apieceofsubjective,impressionisticoremotionaldescription

DescriptionDescriptionispaintingapictureinwordsofaperson,place,objectandscene.DescriptionItconveysthesensations,emotionsandimpressions.Thewriterdescribeswhathesees,hears,smells,feelsortastes,anditoftenincludeshisemotionalreactions.DescriptionThe

descriptionofapersonThe

descriptionofaplaceThe

descriptionofanobjectThedescriptionofascene

Thedescriptionofaperson

1.aperson'sappearance2.whatthepersondoes,says,howhebehavestootherstorevealhischaracter

Thedescriptionofaplace1.forthepurposeofdescribingit(onavisittofamousscenicplaces)2.forthepurposeofrevealingaperson’spersonalityandcharacter(Acleantidyroom:toshowtheoccupantisanorderlyperson)3.forthepurposeofcreatingafeelingormood(Thehowlingofachillywind)(Thefallingofautumnleaves):thefeelingofdepressionThedescriptionofanobject

Createaclearvisualimage:size,color,shape,taste,texture,smell.Tellhowitisused.Whatpartitplaysinaperson'slife.Emphasizeononlyoneaspectoftheobject(mostimportantcharacteristics).Thedescriptionofascene

Trytocreateadominantimpression.Description

Thedominantimpression:Uglinessstandsoutvividlyandprominently.

DescriptionTwokindsofdescription:

1.objective/impersonalRealistic:Thewriterpaintsaverbalpictureoftherealisticworld,likeacamera;factualwords

2.subjective/personalImpressionistic/emotional:Thewriterwantstosharewiththereadersakindofdominantimpression.Thedominantimpressionmaybeasenseimpressionoranemotion;emotionalwordsDescriptionMencken:verysubjectiveandpersonalinthislesson.Hisdescription:stronglyimpressionisticandhighlyemotional.

TheLibido

fortheUglyGeneralword?No.Itisaspecificwordusedinpsychoanalysis.Itisatechnicalterminpsychology.

LibidoMeaning?

psychicenergystrongdesire,greatpassion,greatlustTogivehissubjectascientificcoloring,tocreatetheimpressionthathisdescriptionandanalysishavesomescientificfoundation.WhydoesMenckenchoosetheterm?

LibidoDetailedstudyofthetext(Para.1)Pittsburgh:

acityinSouthwestPennsylvania

oneofthemostimportantindustrialcitiesofAmericaacenterofrailandrivertransportation.the“SteelCity”or“SmokyCity”coal,naturalgas,oilandlimestoneAlargepartofU.S.steelandironisproducedhere.

MapofPennsylvania

<>1950sPara.1express;roll;

Westmorelandcounty☆

express:fast,directtrain,withfewstops☆roll:travelinawheeledvehicle☆

Westmorelandcounty:acountyinSouthwestPennsylvania,aminingandmanufacturingregion.greatwealth&abominablehumanhabitationsinWestmorelandcountyPara.1appalling;

desolation;

lucrative;

hideous;

bleak;

forlorn☆

appalling:horrifying,shocking☆

desolation:thestateofbeingdestroyed☆lucrative:producingprofit;profitable☆hideous:veryugly;

horribletosee,hear,etc.☆bleak:cheerless,gloomy,desolate,depressing☆forlorn:inpitifulcondition,miserablePara.1aspiration;

macabre;computation;habitation;abominable;

disgrace;

alley☆aspiration:ambition,strongdesire☆macabre:grimandhorrible;ghastly☆computation:calculation☆habitation:housing;house☆abominable:nastyanddisgusting☆disgrace:bringshameon☆alley:anarrowstreetFiguresofspeech(Para.1)Metaphor—HerewastheveryheartofindustrialAmerica,…---centerHyperbole—,theboastandprideoftherichest,grandestnationeverseenonearth…Herewaswealthbeyondcomputation,almostbeyondimagination.…herewerehumanhabitationssoabominablethattheywouldhavedisgraced

araceofalleycats.Figuresofspeech(Para.1)Antithesis--,theboastandprideoftherichest,grandest

nationeverseenonearth—andherewasascenesodreadfully

hideous,sointolerablybleakandforlorn…MainideaofPara.1Contrastsbetweenthegreatwealthandtheabominablehumanhabitationsinthisregion.Para.2filth;allude;agonizing;

sheer;

revolting;

monstrousness;

Greensburg☆

filth:

disgustinglyoffensivedirt,garbage☆allude:referinacasualorindirectway☆agonizing:verypainful☆sheer:absolute,complete,downright☆revolting:disgusting,offensive☆monstrousness:strangeshape☆Greensburg:countycityofWestmorelandcounty,southwestPennsylvaniaPara.2

lacerate;

pretentious;warehouse;

downright;startling;

blink;

linger

☆lacerate:hurtdeeply☆pretentious:seemimportant☆

warehouse:storehouseforgoods☆

downright:thoroughly;utterly☆startling:verysurprising☆blink:shutandopenyoureyesquickly☆linger:remainPara.2

crazy;

Jeanette;dormer–window;

leprous;

veteran☆

crazy:foolish,insensible☆

Jeanette:asmallcityinWestmorelandcounty☆

dormer-window:

awindowsetuprightinaslopingroof☆

leprous:likeleprosy麻风病,havingulcers

(溃疡)andwhitescaly(鳞状的)scabs(疥疮)☆

veteran:apersonwhohasservedinthearmyPara.2

yard;

misshapen;

shabby☆yard:arailwaycenterwheretrainsaremadeup,serviced,switchedfromtracktotrack☆misshapen:badlyshaped,deformed☆shabby:poor-looking,mean,unfaire.g.shabbyclothes,shabbytreatment

Figuresofspeech(Para.2)Hyperbole—WhatIalludetoistheunbrokenandagonizingugliness,thesheerrevoltingmonstrousness,ofeveryhouseinsight.Simile--;oneblinkedbeforethemasoneblinksbeforeamanwithhisfaceshotaway.--,setlikeadormer-windowonthesideofabareleproushill--,asteelstadiumlikeahugerattrapsomewherefurtherdowntheline.Ridicule--asteelstadium

likeahugerattrapsomewherefurtherdowntheline.MainideaofPara.2Thecoverageoftheuglinessinthecounty.Para.3

uncomely;

grime;

mill;

gully;

solidblockuncomely:unpleasanttolookatgrime:dirt,esp.sootydirtmill:plant;factorygully:achannelorhollowwornbyrunningwater狭沟solidblock:agroupofbuildingswithnobreaksoremptyspaceseparatingthemPara.3

dignity;chalet;highpitched;

clinging;

abricksetonend;dingydignity:self-respectchalet:atypeofSwisshouse,builtofwoodwithbalconiesandoverhangingeaves瑞士式小木屋highpitched:steepinslopesideofroofsclinging:stickingorholdingtogether

abricksetonenddingy:dirty-colored;notbrightorcleanPara.3

clapboard;

preposterous;pier;

cemetery;

swinishly;

perpendicular;

clapboard:athin,narrowboardwithoneedgethickerthantheother,usedassiding护墙板,隔墙preposterous:ridiculouspier:aheavycolumnusedtosupportweight支柱cemetery:graveyard;burialgroundswinishly:likeapigperpendicular:upright;vertical,straightupanddownPara.3precarious;

oneandall;streak;grime;

dead

precarious:uncertain;insecure;riskyoneandall:everyhousestreak:markwithlinesorlong,thinmarks.Ifsomethingstreaksasurface,itleaveslongstripesormarksofadifferentcoloronthesurface.grime:dirtdead:driedup

Para.3peep;

eczematouspeep:appear

eczematous:havinganuncomfortableskindiseasewhichmakesyourskinitchandbecomeroughandsore.湿疹的Figuresofspeech(Para.3)Understatement--Thecountryitselfisnotuncomely(quitecomely).Sarcasm—…iftherewerearchitectsofanyprofessionalsenseordignityintheregion,theywouldhaveperfectedachalet…

(Therewerenoarchitectsworthyofthehonororthehighstandardsdemandedofbyitsprofession.)Figuresofspeech(Para.3)Inversion—Thistheyhaveconvertedintoathing…—Andthewholetheyhavesetuponthin,preposterousbrickpiers.Simile--,likegravestonesinsomegiganticanddecayingcemetery.Figuresofspeech(Para.3)Metaphor--Andoneandalltheyarestreakedingrime,withdeadandeczematouspatchesofpaintpeepingthroughthestreaks.(comparingthepatchesofpainttodried-upscalesformedbyaskindisease.)

每幢房屋上都积有一道道的尘垢印痕，而那一道道垢痕的间隙中，还隐隐约约露出一些像湿疹痂一样的油漆斑痕。

MainideaofPara.3Theuglinessofthehousedesign.Para.4patina

patina:afinecrustoncopper,usuallygreenorgreenish-blue(铜器上的)绿锈

patinaofthemillsPara.4Wasitnecessarytoadoptthatshockingcolor?Nomorethanitwasnecessarytosetallofthehousesonend.Wasitnecessarytoadoptthatshockingcolor?Itwasnomorenecessarytoadoptthatshockingcolorthantosetallofthehousesonend.(Neitheradoptingthatshockingcolornorsettingallofthehousesonendwasnecessary.)HeisnomorediligentthanIam.(NeitherhenorIamdiligent.)Para.4agewithsomedignity;

downrightblack;

sightly;

trimmings;

soot;

uremicyellowagewithsomedignity:lookrespectablewiththepassingoftime

downrightblack:completely/absolutelyblacksightly:pleasanttoseetrimmings:borderssoot:blackpowerproducedwhensomethingisburnturemicyellow:yellow+blood=reddishyellowPara.4loathsome;mortaleyeloathsome:disgustingmortaleye:humaneyeFiguresofspeech(Para.4)Ellipsis—Butwhatbrick!(Butwhatterriblebrickitwas!)Ridicule,irony&metaphor—Whenithastakenonthepatinaofthemillsitisthecolorofanegglongpastallhopeorcaring.

(ridiculeandirony:

laughingscornfullyatthecolorofthesehouses)(metaphor:(comparingthecolorofthebrickstothecolorofrotteneggs.)Figuresofspeech(Para.4)Hyperbole--,andsotheyhavethemostloathsometownsandvillageseverseenbymortaleye.

(exaggeratingtheuglinessofthetownsandvillages)

MainideaofPara.4

TheuglinessofthecolorofbricksPara.5laborious;

decomposing;

NewEngland;

Utah,Arizona,Texaslaborious:industrious;hard-workingdecomposing:decaying;decliningNewEngland(Maine,NewHampshire,Vermont,Massachusetts,Connecticut,RhodeIsland):industryisdecliningUtah,Arizona,Texas:townslikedesertPara.5backstreet;

Newark;

Brooklyn;Chicago;Camden;

NewportNews

backstreet:streetsinslumareasNewark---cityinNewJerseyBrooklyn---boroughofNewYorkCityChicago---cityinIllinoisCamden---cityinNewJerseyNewportNews---seaportinVirginia

Para.5Pullmanarailroadcarwithprivatecompartmentsorseatsthatcanbemadeupintoaplaceforsleeping.NamedaftertheUSinventor,GeorgeM.Pullman(1831-97)Para.5whirl;

Godforsaken;Iowa,Kansas;

malarious;

tidewaterhamletwhirl:goormovequicklyGodforsaken:locatedinaremotearea;desolateIowa;Kansas:statesinthemiddlemalarious:ofadisease(malaria)causedbymosquitoes疟疾的

tidewaterhamlet---verysmallvillageneartheseaaffectedbytidesPara.5huddle;incomparable;

titanic;

aberrant;

uncompromising;

inimicalhuddle:crowdtogetherincomparable:beyondcomparison;matchlessunequalledtitanic:ofgreatsize，strength，orpower

aberrant:turningawayfromwhatisrightortrue偏离常规的

uncompromising:notcompromisingoryielding；firm；determined不妥协的inimical:unfriendly;hostile

Para.5ingenuity;

Hell;

grotesquery;

inretrospect;

diabolical;

concoctingenuity:cleverness,originality,skillHell:thepowersofevilgrotesquery:beingstrangeandunnaturalsoastocausefearinretrospect:lookingbackdiabolical:ofthedevil

concoct:makesth.bymixingorcombiningFiguresofspeech(Para.5)Sarcasmandirony--Iawardthischampionshiponlyafterlaboriousresearchandincessantprayer.(championship:usedironically,notthebestbuttheworst.)Sarcasm--Theyareincomparableincolor,andtheyareincomparableindesign.(Peoplecannotfindsuchterriblecoloranddesigninanyotherregion.)Figuresofspeech(Para.5)hyperboleandirony--Itisasifsometitanicandaberrantgenius,uncompromisinglyinimicaltoman,haddevotedalltheingenuityofHelltothemakingofthem.(irony--genius:anevilgenius,havinggreatabilitytodoevil.)

MainideaofPara.5Thewriterevaluatestheuglinessofthisregionasthetoponeintheworld.Para.6insensate;brute;abomination;save;putrid;habitation;pull;yield;borderuponinsensate:notfeeling,ornotcapableoffeelingbrute:oforlikeananimalabomination:anythinghatefulanddisgusting

save:except;butputrid:rottenandfoul-smelling腐烂的habitation:home;house;dwellingpull:drawingforceyield:surrender;giveinborderupon:like;almostbeFiguresofspeech(Para.6)Rhetoricquestion--Aretheysofrightfulbecausethevalleyisfullofforeigners—dull,insensatebrutes,withnoloveofbeautyinthem?Figuresofspeech(Para.6)sarcasm--ButintheAmericanvillageandsmalltownthepullisalwaystowardugliness,andinthatWestmorelandvalleyithasbeenyieldedtowithaneagernessborderinguponpassion.Figuresofspeech(Para.6)sarcasmandirony--

Itisincrediblethatmereignoranceshouldhaveachievedsuchmasterpiecesofhorror.(masterpieces:Noonecouldbuildworsehouses.)MainideaofPara.6Thewritertriestotracethesourceoftheugliness.Para.7putdown…to…;defaceputdown…to…:attribute…to…;saythatsth.iscausedby…归因于

Iputhisbadtemperdowntohisrecentillness.Hisbadtemperwasputdowntohisunhappychildhood.deface:spoiltheappearanceofPara.7inadvertence;

obscene;

ghastly;

unfathomable;

obscure;unintelligible;

enigmaticalinadvertence:ignoringyourresponsibilities

obscene:indecent;offensivetoone’sfeelingsghastly:horribleunfathomable:whichcan’tbeunderstood

obscure:vague;notclearlyunderstoodunintelligible:unclearlyunderstoodenigmatical:puzzling;perplexingPara.7dogmatic;theology;EdgarAGuestdogmatic:characterizedbyarrogantassertionofunprovedprinciples"

教条的theology:aparticularsystemofreligiousbeliefsandteachingsEdgarAGuest:EdgarAlbertGuest(1881--1959),English-bornnewspaperpoet,verypopular,widelyreadthroughoutNorthAmerica(40years),

knownasthePeople’sPoet.Figuresofspeech(Para.7)antithesis--Thereseemstobeapositivelibidofortheugly,asonotherandlessChristianlevelsthereisalibidoforthebeautiful.

MainideaofPara.7Reasonfortheugliness:libidofortheuglyPara.8confessedly;

vastly;

edifice;

bannerconfessedly:admittedlyvastly:muchedifice:abuilding,esp．

alargeonebanner:longstripofclothusedfordecorationoradvertisingPara.8appreciably;

witheyesopen;

mellow;

depravityappreciably:alittle;toanoticeabledegreewitheyesopen:withfullunderstandingofwhatisinvolvedmellow:becomefull,rich,softdepravity:corruptionPara.8theParthenon(帕台农神庙)abeautifulDoric(多利安式建筑的)templebuiltinhonoroftheGreekgoddessAthena(雅典娜)inthe5thcenturyB.C.inAthensthemostimportantsurvivingbuildingofclassicalGreecebadlydamagedinhistoryduetowars,firesandearthquakesPara.8erect;

impossible;penthouse;

erect:buildimpossible:intolerable,can’tbeenduredpenthouse:asmallstructure，esp．onewithaslopingroof，attachedtoalargerbuilding小棚屋Para.8staringyellow;

blackeyestaringyellow:bright,conspicuousyellowblackeye:discolorationoftheskinsurroundinganeyePara.8Presbyterian长老会(制)的Presbyterian:aformofchurchgovernmentbypresbyters(长老)developedbyJohnCalvin(16th-century).

Calvin'stheoryofchurchgovernment:church:acommunityChrist:headmembers:equal

MenckenassumesthatPresbyterianssomber-facedpeoplewhoneversmileorlaugh.

aPresbyteriangrinning–shock