高中英语语法-虚拟语气讲解及答案

虚拟语气总览

I.英语中的三种语气

英语共有三种语气，陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用来讲述

事实，有肯定、否定、询问和感叹等形式，谓语动词有人称、时态和数的变化;

祈使语气用于提出请求、建议、劝告、命令和警告等，以动词原形起句，否定式

句前加Dont虚拟语气表示说话人所言内容不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、

建议、请求、命令或猜测，有时只是说话者的主观愿望，或表达他/她的强烈情

感，谓语动词用特殊形式。

2.非真实条件句的虚拟语气

条件从句主句

haddonewould/should/might/could/oughtto

过去

havedone

did(be用were)would/should/might/could/oughtto

现在

do

1、did

would/should/might/could/oughtto

将来2^shoulddo

do

3、weretodo

巧计主句中五个虚拟引导词：MSCOW(奶牛女士)：might,should,could,

oughtto,would

2.L与过去事实相反

1).IfIhadhadmuchmoneyatthattime,Iwouldhaveboughtyouwhatyou

want.

2).Ifyouhadbeenmorecareful,themistakemighthavebeenavoided.

3).Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn'thavemadesuchamistake.

4).Wewouldn'thavesucceededifithadnotbeenfortheirhelp.

5).Ifyouhadbeenhereyesterday,youwouldhavemetthefilmstar.

6).IfIhadknownmoreaboutgivingfirstaid,Icouldhavehelpedthem.

7).Ifyouhadgotupearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthetrain.

8).Ifwehadhadenoughrainlastyear,wecouldhavegainedagoodharvest.

9).Ifyouhadworkedalittleharder,youcouldhQYCPQSSCdthefinalexamination.

10).Iftheyhadinvitedhertotheparty,shewouldhaveattendedit.

2.2.与现在事实相反

1).IfIwereyou,Iwouldgothereatonce.

2).Ifmyclassmateswerehere,theywouldhelpme.

3).IfIwereyou,Iwouldacceptthejob.

4).Ifclassesweresmaller,childrenwouldlearnmore.

5).IfIweretenyearsyounger,Iwouldstartalloveragain.

6).IfIhadenoughmoney,Twouldbuyalargehouse.

7).IfIhadtime,Iwouldgoshoppingwithyou.

8).IfIknewalltheanswerstoallyourquestions,Iwouldbeagenius.

9).Ifhewereherenow,wewouldaskhimaboutit.

10).IfIhadtime,IwouldstudyFrench.

11).IfIknewhernumber,Icouldringher.(可惜我不知道)

12).Iftherewerenogravity,weshouldnotbeabletowalk.(实际上地球引力始

终存在。)

13).IfIknewtheanswer,Iwouldtellyou.(实际上我确实不知道，所以肯定不

能告诉你。)

14).IfIhadmoneyonme,Iwouldlendyousome.

15).Wewouldnotbeabletowalkiftherewerenofriction.

16).Ifyouwereinmyposition,whatwouldyoudo?

17).Iftheytreatedmeasaslave,Ihadtoresign.

18).Iftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhaveamuchhappiertime.

19).Ifwisheswerehorses,beggarsmightride.(如果幻想能成为马匹，叫花子们

都有了坐骑。)

20).Lifemightbetoodullifithadnodifficultiesinit.(倘若生活中没了困难，就

会过于平淡。…)…""

2.3.与将来事实相反

1).Ifitrained/shouldrain/weretoraintomorrow,wewouldhavearest.

2).Ifthesunweretorisefromthewest,Iwouldmanyyou.

(注意：对将兼康反的家件从句中，在实现而百能屉方面过去式did最大，

shouldd。中等，weretodo最小c如本句太阳没有可能从西方升起，所以本句用

wereto最恰当。)

3).IfIweretomeethertomorrow,Iwouldaskheraboutit.

4).Ifgreenplantsshoulddisappearsomeday,therewouldhardlybeanylifeon

theearth.

5).IfIweretodothework,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.

6).Ifitshould(wer6to)rainthisafternoon,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.

7).Ifyoumissedthefilmthisevening,youwouldbesorryforit.(如果今晚错过

了这场电影，你会遗憾的。实际上，你不会藉过。)

8).IfIweretoseehertomorrow,Iwouldinviteherhome.

9).Ifyoulivedthereforseveralmonths,youwouldchangeyourmindaboutthe

place.

10).Ifthingsweretobedonetwice,allwouldbewise.(如果事情能被做两次，

人人都会黄蒋加智。)

2.4.混合型

1).Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor'sadvice,youwouldbemuchbetternow.(过去

f现在)

2).Ifyouhadworkedhard,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.(过去一现在)

3).Ifyouhadlistenedtome,youwouldn'tbeinsuchtroublenow.(过去f现在)

4).Ifyouhadgotsixmorevotesyesterday,youwouldbeourchainnannow.

(过去现在)

5).IfIhadearnedmuchmoneylastsummer,Iwouldgoonavacationnextmonth.

(过去f将菊

6).Ifyouhesitatedthismoment,youmightsufferinfuture.(现在f将来)

7).Ifthedoctorhadcomesoonerlastnight,Tomwouldbealivetoday.(过去一现

在)

8).IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.(现在过去)

9).Ifithadrainedlastnight,thegroundwouldbewetnow.(过去现在)

10).Ifyouhadn'tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn'thaveboughtthenewhouseand

mostlikelyIwouldn'tbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.(过去f过去f现

在)

2.5.if的省略与条件句的倒装

1).WereIyou.Iwouldhaveacceptedthejob.

2).Wereshehere,shewouldSUDDOIIus.

3).Wereyoutogofishingwithme,youwouldhaveamuchhappiertime.

4).Weremenangels,nogovernmentwouldbenecessary.(如果人人都是天使，

政府就汶看宓妻亍。)

5).Wereshemydaughter.Iwouldn'tallowhertostudyabroad.

6).Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemetmygirlfriend.

7).HadTtime,Iwouldcome.(本句中had是实意动词,而非主动词c)

8).HadIbeeninformedearlier,Icouldhavedonesomethingtopreventitfrom

happening.

9).Manypersonsintheworlswouldhavesucceededhadtheyn()twastedtheir

valuabletime.

10).Shoulditbefinetomorrow,wewouldgoouting.

11).Shouldyouchangeyourmind,noonewouldblameyou.

12).WewouldgonetoyourbirthdaypartyhadLOUinvitedus.

13.1wouldgoshoulditbenecessary.

14).WhatwouldhavehappenedhadBobwalkedfarther,asfarastheriverbank?

15).Haditnotbeenforyou,Iwouldhavelostmyway.

16).Wereitnotforwater,noplantcouldgrow.

(注：彳列苞8、9知识点见“二f)

17).Betheycommonpeopleorhigh-rankingofficials,theystandequalbeforethe

law.(Whethertheybe...)

18).Betheweatherwhatitmay,Iwillleavetomorrow.(Whethertheweatherbe

whatitmay,...)

(注：例句13、14知识点见“八一5”。)

注意：在这一结构中，若条件句为否定句，not应被放在主语之后，而不能

缩写成wererTt,shouldn't或hadn't而置于居首。如例15,16。

2.6.含蓄型：

A.with:“要是有，如果有”，表示与现在事实相反的假设。

1).Withyourhelp,wewouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.

(要是有你的帮助,.莪布覃麻•由元面就了。实际上你没有帮助我们，我

们也没有解出这道题。)

2).Withalittleasssistance,Alexanderwouldhavesucceeded.

3).Withbetterequipment,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.

B.a.without/butfor/ifitwerenotfor(wereitnotfor)/ifithadn'tbeen

for(haditnotbeenfor)/intheabsenceof+Sb./Sth.

b.butthat+句子；

注意：a.b.都表示“要不是，若非，如果没有，如果不是“，表示与现在事实

相反的假设。

1).Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn'thavemadesuchrapidprogress.

2).Withouttheprogrammer(程序编制人员)，thecomputerwouldbeuseless.

3).Withoutsunshine.nothingcouldgrowonearth.

4).Withoutwaterorair,nothingcouldlive.

5).Withoutcontradictionnothingcouldexist.(没有矛盾，就没有世界)

6).Withouthim,wewouldhavefailed.

7).Withoutthedifficulieswewouldnotknowgreatmen'stoughness.(如果没有

困难，我们就不会了解伟人欣应而存感0)

8).Iwouldnevermakeitwithoutthehavitsoforderanddiligence.(假如没有按

部就说和“春而分惯，我就不会成功。)

9).Withoutchallenges,ObamawouldneverhavebeenPresidentoftheUnited

States.

10).Withoutsteel,therewouldbenomodernindustry.(没有钢，就没有现代工

业。)

11).Butfortherain,weshouldhavehadapleasantjourney.

12).Butforyourtimelyrescue,theboywouldhavedrowned.

13).Butforfriction,peoplecouldneitherwalk,norevenstandup.

(注：以上例句l-13without,butfor都可互换，并可替换为intheabsenceof;

若是对现在或将来的虚拟，可用Ifitwerenotfor替换；若是对过去的虚拟则

可用Ifithadnotbeenfor来替换。)

14).Butthathesawit,hecouldnothavebelievedit.

15).ThelittlegirlwouldhavefallenintotheriverbutthatthePLAmancaught

her.

16).Rutthufyoudidn'tletmetakethatcupofteaTwouldhavebeenpcsdonedto

death.

17).Shewouldhavecometoseeyouthatdaybutthatshewasill.(=Butforher

illness)

18).Butthatitsnowedheavily,theycouldhavearrivedthereearlier.(=Butfor

theheavysnow,...)

19).Shewouldhaveboughtthebookbutthatshehadnomoneythen.

20).Ifitweren'tformyjob,Iwouldcomewithyou.

21).Ifitwerenotforhiswife'smoneyhewouldneverbeamayor.

22).Ifithadn'tbeenforthedoctor'scare,Ishouldnotbespeakingtoyounow.

23).Ifithadnotbeenforyou,Icouldnothaveworkedouttheproblem.

C.or,orelse,otherwise；

1).Ididn'tcatchthebus,otherwiseIwouldn'thavemissedthefilm.

2).Igotuptoolate,otherwiseIwouldn'thavebeenlateforthemeeting.

3).Shewasn'tfuelingverywell.Otherwiseshewouldn'thaveleftthemeetingso

early.

4).Iwasillthatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavetakenpartintheparade(游彳亍).

5).Iambusynow.Otherwise,Iwouldhelpyou.

6).Hecan'thavewrittentome,otherwiseIwouldhavegothisletterbynow.

7).Hetoldmeofyourarrival,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.

8).Thesoldierfledaway,orhewouldhavebeenkilled.

9).Ididn'tknowthathewasaliar,orelseIwouldn'thavebelievedhim.

D.通过上下文推断，没有引导词，真正的番蓄。

1).Rorninbettertimes,hewouldhavebeenascholar(学者).

2).Iwoulddosoinyourposition.

3).Givenmoretime,wewoulddoitbetter.

4).Unlessyouhaddoneitearlier,youwouldhavefailed.

2.7.suppose(that),supposing(that);provided(that);assuming(that);on

conditionthat;giventhat

1).Suppose/supposingthattherewerenogravity,objectswouldnotfalltoground

whendropped.

=Iftherewerenogravity,objectswouldnotfalltogroundwhendropped.

2).Supposingyoucouldn'twrite,whatwouldyoudo?

3).Childrenwerepermit如dintothehallforthefilmprovided(that)theydidnot

makeanytrouble.

4).Theguardsallowthetouriststogointothewoodsonconditionthatthey

(should)donoharmtotheanimals.

(onconditionthat=onlyif,它所引导从句的谓语动词的语气可陈述，可虚

拟，但均表示一个真实条件。)

5).Giventhathedoesn'tagreetodoit,we-halldoitalone.

(giventhat表示一个真实条件，其从句谓语动词用陈述语气。)

3.宾语从句的虚拟语气

3.1.wi?h

wishthat...haddone表示对过去已发事情的虚拟

wishthat...did/wcrcf表示对现在正发事情的虚拟

wishthat...wereto/should/could/might/woulddof表示对将

来要发事情的虚拟_______________________________________

1).IwishIwereabird.

2).Theuglygirlwishesshewerebetterlooking.

3).SometimesIwishIwerelivinginadifferenttimeandadifferentplace.

4).HowIwisheveryfamilyhadalargehousewithabeautifulgarden!

5).IhaveneverbeentoNewYork,buthowIwish1had.

6).IwishIcouldflytothemooninaspaceshiponeday.

7).Howwewishwecouldhavearesttomorrow!

8).IwishIcouldstandonabusystreetcorner,hatinhand,andbegpeopleto

throwmealltheirwastedhours.

(我希望自己站在熙熙攘攘的大街上，手里拿着帽子，乞求人们把废弃的

时光扔给我。)

9).IwishIhadnevermethim.

10).Iwishyouhadn'tspentsomuchmoney.

3.2.wouldrather(that)...

本结构从句是一般过去时时，表示一个对现在或将来的愿望；是过去完成

时时，表示对过去已发事件的一种妄想，表明说话者宁愿某人做或没有做某事,

实际上却恰恰相反。具有相同用法的结构还有wouldsooner,wouldassoon,

wouldjustassoon,它们可替换wouldrathero

1).Iwouldratheryouwerehomenow.

2).Edsooneryoupaintedthewallgreennexttime.

3).Iwouldratheryouhadbeentherewithme.(实际上不是你，是别人)

4).Tdratheryouhadmorehealththanwealth.

5).Tdratheryouhadn'tdonethat.(实际上已做)

6).IwouldratherthatIhadstayedathomeyesterday.(实际上并没有)

7).IwouldjustassoonthatJohnhadn'tspokenrudelytome.

8).Tdratheryouhadtoldmethetruth.

9).Tdrathereverytinghadn'thaDDenndbetweenus.

试比较：

1)、wouldrather后接动词原形，表示对现在或将来某种行为的〜种主观愿望

或选择，为陈述语气。

1).Iwouldratherslayathomethangotothecinema.

2).Thebravesoldierswouldfatherdiethansurrendertotheenemy.

3).Tdrathernotgotothecinematonight.

2)、wouldrather后接不定式完成时表示对已发生事件的后悔。

4).Tdrathernothavetoldherthenews.Sheissuchagossip.

5).Thefilmwasterrible.Tdrathernothavegonetothecinemalastnight.

6).---Didyoublamehimforhismistakes?---Yes,butI'drathernothave

deneit.

33表示愿望、建议、请求、命令等含义的动词

3.3.1.这类动词的宾语从句的谓语形式为should+动词原形，should可以省略，

但引导词that通常不省略。常用的这类动词有：

advise忠告，建议ask要求command命令

decide决定

demand要求desire希望,可望determine决定

insist坚持

order命令prefer宁愿promise允诺

propose提议

recommend推荐，劝告request要求require要求

suggest建议

3.3.2.巧记宾从用虚拟语气的动词

方法一、一坚二命三建四要

一坚持finsist二命令forder,

command

三建议fsuggest,advise,recommend四要求f

require,request,demand,desire

方法二、DISCO（迪斯科）

Dfdemand»insistSfsuggest

CfcommandOforder

方法三、Idropcaps.

IinsistD-*demand/desireR

require/request/recommend

()forderP-*proposecommand

A-*adviseP-*prefersuggest

3.3.3.例句

1).Thedriverdemandedthatallthepassengersshowtheirticketstohim.

2).Theofficerorderedthathistroopsmoveontothefront.

3).Thecommandercommandedthatweattackatonce.

4).Inthepastmengenerallypreferredthattheirwivesworkinthehome.

5).Ipreferthatyounoteatthatmuch.

6).IproposethatMr.Libethechairman.

7).Trecommendedthatyoushouldreduceyourexpenditure.

8).Heasksthathebegivenanopportunitytotrythismethod.

9).IaskedthatIbeallowedtoseeher.

10).Heinsistedthatadoctorbesentforatonce.

11).Ourteacherinsistedthatwenotplaycomputergamesatschool.

12).Whodoyousuggestbesenttoworkthere?

13).Wesuggestthathegivelessmoneytohischild.

14).Mr.WangsuggestedthatItakeenoughsleepbeforethefinalexamination.

15).Hedeterminedthatshesetoffalonce.

16).Sheadvisedthatwekeepthedoorlocked.

17).Theyrequirethatvisitorsnotsmokeintheworkshop.

18).Mr.Wangrequiredthatallthestudentsbepolitetoothers.

注：以上各例句宾语从句中谓语动词前统/省略了shouldO

3.3.4、suggest与insist之例外

suggest作“建议”解时用虚拟语气，作“表明”解时用陈述语气；insist作

“坚持”解时用虚拟语气，作“坚持认为，坚持说”解时用陈述语气。

1).Thesmileonmymother'sfacesuggestedthatshewasdelightedwithmy

examinationresult.俳虚拟)

2).Hisyawnssuggestedthathewassleepy.(非虚拟)

3).Allthesefactssuggestthathejsinnocent.(非虚拟)

4).Jane'spalefacesuggestedthatshewasill,andhisparentssuggestedthatshe

haveamedicalexamination.(前实后虚)

5).Heinsistedthathehaddoneright.(非虚拟)

6).Heinsistedthathewa*notinvolvedinthecase.(非虚拟)

7).Heinsistedthathehadnotbeenlatethatmorning.(非虚拟)

8).Heinsistedthatwhathesaidwastrueandweinsistedthathegoandhavea

look.(前实后虚)

9).Theagedmaninsistedthathewasn'tillandshouldn'tbesenttothehospital.

4.主语从句的虚拟语气

基本结构：

Itbe/seem+(表示愿望、建议、命令、要求、意志、

惊讶、不满、遗憾等意义的)形容词/过去分词/名词+

that+主语+(should)+动词原形._______________

在本结构中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句，从句中谓语动

词的形式为shoulddo,should可以省略。

4.1.Itis+adj.+that+...(should)do...

常用的此类形容词有：

advisable明智的amazing令人吃惊的

disappointing令人失望的

embarrassing令人尴尬的essential重要的

important重要的

incredible令人难以置信的natural自然的

necessary必需的，不可缺少的

strange奇怪的surprising令人惊讶的

vital至关重要的

urgent紧急的astonishing令人惊讶的1).

imperative势在必行的Itis

natural

thatheobjecttoaplanlikethat.

2).Itisnecessarythatwetellhimthetruthatonce.

3).Itisnotnecessarythateveryonebeascientist.

4).Itisessentialthateverychildbegiventhesameeducationalopportunities.

5).Itisurgentthatadoctorshouldbesentforimmediately.

6).Itisadvisablethateveryonehaveamap.

7).Itisvitalthattheheadmasterreceivethisletterthisevening.

8).Itisimportantthatyoushouldthankthosewhosupportedyouthroughthe

disappointments.

(重要的是，你应该感谢那些在你失意时给予

你支持的人。)

9).Itisreallystrangethatthegirlbemarriedsoearly.(真奇怪,那小姑娘竟然

这么早就出嫁了！)........

10).Itisamazingthatheshouldhavelearntsomuchinsuchashorttime.

11).Itisstrangethathehaveleftwithoutsayinggood-bye.

12).Itissurprisingthatheshouldbesofoolishastobelieveherlie

13).Itwasastonishingthatshehavekeptthesecretfromhimallthroughtheir

lifetime.

14).Itseemsincrediblethathehavefinishedtheworksosoon.(他竟然这么快

就完成了工作，这似乎令人难以亶宿：)

注意：

a.在Itisamazing/surprising/astonishing/strange/incrediable/apity/ashame

that...结构中，由al虚拟从句表示说话人的惊讶、懊悔、失望等强烈的情感，含

有“竟然，居然”的意思，表明所发生的事情非常出人意料。如上面例句9-14。

再如：

15).It'sapitythatheshouldmissthelecture.(真遗憾，他竟然错过了这次演

讲。)

16).Ifsapitythatheshouldturndownmyoffer.(真遗憾，他竟然拒绝了我的提

议。)

17).Itisashamethatsheshouldbehavelikethat.(她竟然表现的那么差劲，真

丢人C)

b.本结构还可形变为Itis+of+上述形容词相对应的名词形式+that...

(should)do...o如：

18).Itisofutmostimportancethatyoubehereontime.

4.2.Itis+过去分词+that...(should)do...

常见的此类过去分词有：

suggestedordereddesired

proposeddecided

recommendedrequestedrequired

1).Itissuggested

demanded

thatmoretreesshould

beplantedtopreventsandatorms.

2).Itisrequiredthatthestudentswearschooluniformsatschool.

3).Itisdecidedthatnosmokingbeallowedinthelibrary.

4).Itisdemandedthatoneofthestudentsshouldstaytolookafterthethings.

5).Itisproposedthatthismatterbeconsideredatthenextmeeting.

6).Itisrecommendedthattheworkshouldn'tbestarteduntilallthepreparations

havebeenmade.

5.表语从句的虚拟语气

基本结构：

(表示提议、建议、命令、要求的)名词+be+that+主语+

(shouki)+动词原形.___________________________________

常见的此类名词有：

advicedecisiondemandideaorder

planrecommendation

proposalrequestsuggestionpitydesire

1).My

wishrequirement

suggestionis

thatweshouldtryourbesttohelptherefugeesoftheearthquakes.

2).Thecommander'sorderwasthatsoliderssetoutatonce.

3).OurideaisthatthematchbePULoff.

4).Ourdecisionisihartheschoolremainclosed.

5).Thedoctor'sadvicewasthatyougiveupsmoking.

6).Hispropoalisthatthematterbediscussedatthenextmeeting.

7).Ourwishisthatheshoulddowhathepleases.

8).Mydesireisthatallthemembersofthefamilygatheronceayear.

6.同位语从句的虚拟语气

基本结构：

(表示提议、建议、命令、要求的)名词+that+主语+

(should)+动词原形.

常见的此类名词有：

advicedecisiondemandideaorder

planrecommendation

proposalrequestsuggestiondesire

pityThe

wishrequirement1).

people

expressedtheirdesirethatthewarcometoanendassoonaspossible.

2).Whatdoyouthinkofmysuggestionthatwesendafewworkerstohelpthe

othegroups?

3).Iagreedtotheideathatadoctorbesentfor.

4).Mr.Wang'sadvicethatweshouldgooverousplanoncemoreisreasonable.

5).Iamallfortheproposalthataspecialgroupbesetuptolookintothematter.

6).Itismydesirethatallthemembersofthefamilygatheronceayear.

7.定语从句的虚拟语气

基本结构：

a.Itis(high,about)time+that+主语+动词

过去式.

b.Itis(high,about)time+that+主语+

shoulddo.

(注意：should不能省略,that可以省略。)

本结构表示“目前该做却还没有做的事”，该事早就该做了，时间已经有些

晚了。

1).Itishightimethatwewereoff.

2).Itistimethatsomeonetaughtyoutobehaveyourself.

3).Ifsabouttimethatweshouldputanendtothiscontroversy(争论，IE义).

4).Itishightimethatweshould般网口forthefinal.

5).Itabouttimeweshouldconsiderwhattodonext.

6).It'stimewcsettowork,(set为过去式)

7).It'stimewestarted/setoff/setout/left.

8).It'stimewefoundsomewheretoeat.

注：句型It'stimetodosth./Ifstimeforsb.todosth./It'stimeforsth.表示

“该做某事了，是做某事的时候了”，没有“目前该做却还没有做的事”的含义。

8.其它类虚拟语气

8.1.asif/though

属于叫态型虚拟语气，其动词结构-Wish之后的虚拟语气相同。

过去haddone________________

现在did(be用were)

were

将来to/should/could/might/would

do

1).ShespeaksEnglishveryfluentlyasthoughshewereborninEngland.(实际

上不是)

2).Themantalkedtoomuchasthoughheweredrunk.(实际上说话人认为他并

未喝醉)

3).HetalkedasifhehadtakenpartintheLongMarch.

4).Heoperatedthemachineasifhewereaskilledworker.

5).Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.

6).Itwouldbeanexcellentruletoliveeachdayasifweshoulddietomorrow.

注：以上例句1-6asif/though引导的是方式状语从句；但如果主句的动词是

系动词be,feel,look,seem,sound,appear等时,asif/though引导的便是表语从

句了。如下列例句

7).MaryfeltasthoughMr.Wangwereherfather.

8).Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifitwerebroken.

9).Heappearedasifhehadknownnothingaboutit.(他看上去对此一无所知。)

10).Ifeelasifwehadknowneachotherforages.

注意：asif/though之后即可接虚拟语气，又可接陈述语气，试比较：

11).ItlooksasiBthoughitmightrain.(好像天要下雨。虚拟语气，与将来事实

相反，实际上不会。)

12).Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.(陈述语气，实际上确实会下雨。)

8.2.evenif/though引导的让步状语从句

属于时态型虚拟语气，说的不一定是事实，往往表示一种虚拟的让步，其

时态结构与if引导的虚拟条件句一样。

过去haddone

现在did(be用were)

1、did；2、shoulddo；3、were

将来

todo

1).EvenifIwererich,Iwouldwork.

2).Iwon'tlendyouanymoneyevenifIhadmoney.

3).Eventhough1hadbeenwithyouthen,Icouldnothavehelpedyou.

4).Wewouldn'tloseheartevenifweshouldfailonehundredtimes.

5).Evenifhehadbeenthere,Ishouldhavesaidthesamething.

6).Eventhoughyouhadenoughmoney,youcouldnotbuythelosttime.

7).Itisbettertoinvitehimeventhoughheshouldrufuse.

注意：Evenif/though也可引导陈述语气的句子，表达一种真实的让步。试

比较：

7).Evenifitrainstomorrow,Iwillgosightingwithyou.(情况真实，确实照办)

X).EvenifTbecomeamillionaire,Ishallalwaysheasocialist.(陈述语气)

8.3.ifonly(=HowIwish)引导的虚拟语气

属于时态型虚拟语气，表示一种强烈的愿望、遗憾或不满，意为“要是……

就好了”，“但愿”。

1).IfonlyIhadmoremoney!Icouldbuysomenewclothes.

2).IfonlyIhadnotcheatedintheexamination!

3).Ifonlywehaddoneasweweretold!Thiswouldneverhavehappened.

4).IfonlyIweretenyearsyounger!

5).Ifonlyyouhadtoldmeinadvance!

6).IfonlyIhadnotmarriedbeforeImetyou!

7).Ifonlyyouhadarrivedalittleearlier!

注意：ifonly与onlyif的区别：onlyif中only只起到加强、突出的作用，if

的词义并为改变，意为“只有在……条件下”，表示条件的唯一性。如：

8).OnlyifyouhelpmecanIsucceed.

9).Iwillgohomeonlyifyougowithme.

10).---WillyoucometoBirthdayPartytomorrow?---Onlyifyoupromise

nottoinviteTom.

8.4.lest,forfearthat引导的目的状语从句

基本结构：

lest(forfearthat)+主语+

隶属should型-0Uld+动词原形虚拟语气，其后动词

用should+动词原形,should可换为might,would,也可以省略，意味"以免....

为了……不……

I).Shetookataxitothestationlestsheshouldmissthetrain.

(=Shetookataxitothestationsothat(或inorderthat)sheshouldnotmiss

thetrain.

=Shetookataxitothestationincasesheshouldmissthetrain.)

2).Heremindedhertwiceofitlestsheshouldforget.

3).Shealwaysstudieshardlestshelagbehind.

4).Neverletchildrenplaywithfirelesttheymightsetfiretothehouses.

5).IquietlyenteredtheroomlestIshouldwakeupmybaby.

6).Hismotherpunishedhimlestheshouldmakethesamemistakeagain.

7).Heburnedalltheimportantdocumentslesttheyshouldfallintotheenemy's

hands.

8).Weighwellyourwordslesttheybeswords.

9).Wemustnotpromisewhatweshouldnot,lestwebecalledontoperformwhat

wecannot.

注：以上例句1-9中lest都可被forfearthat替换。

85whether...or...引导的让步状语从句

意为“不管/不论是……还是……”，结］为:

whether+主语+be+表语一+or+

表语二，…_______________________

1).Whetherheberichorpoor,Iwillmarryhim.(可省略whether,此时要到

装：Beherichorpoor,...)

2).Whetheritbeneworold,itismybike.(=Beitneworold,itismybike.)

3).Behefriendorfoe,thelawregardshimascriminal.(二Whetherhebefriendor

fbe,...)

4).Whetherthefiguresbeaccurateornot,mtheyhavetoberechecked.

5).Betheycommonpeopleorhigh-rankingofficials(高官)theystandequal

beforethelaw.

6).Everymorninghegoesjoggingalongthelake,whetheritbefineorrainy.

7).ShecantranslateallthesebooksintoChinese,betheyEnglish,Frenchor

Latin.

8).Whetherthiscriticismbewiseorfoolish,importantorinsignificant,itisat

leastnatured.

(不管这批评是明智的还是愚蠢的，重要的还是无关紧要的，至少它是善

意的。)

8.6.表示祝愿、礼貌的虚拟语气

8.6.1.LongliveChairmanMao!(live不加-s)

Godblessyou!(bless不力口-es)

8.6.2.Maysb.dosth!&Wishsb.sth!

1).Mayyousucceed!-Wishyousuccess!

2).Mayyouhaveagoodtrip.fWishyouagoodtrip.

3).Mayyouhaveahappybirthday.—Wishyouagoodbirthday.

4).Mayyouhaveahappylife.fWishyouahappylife.

5).MaythespiritofLeiFengliveonforever!(愿雷锋精神永存！)

8.6.3.有时出于礼貌，使语气婉转，也可避免强加于人而使用虚拟语气，用来表

示请求对方做某事。

1).Iwaswonderingifyoucouldlendmeahand.

2).Iwouldbegratefulifyoucouldlendmesomemoney.

3).Iwouldreallyappreciateifyoutookame