完形填空题的考查类型

PAGEPAGE4完形填空题的考查类型语境理解考查考生根据上下文提供的信息进行分析、推理、判断的能力。语境理解是高考完形填空题考查的重点，充分体现了高考“突出语境、淡化语法”的改革思路和命题精神。这些空有的需要根据上文信息作答，有的需要根据下文信息作答，有的则需要上下文信息的结合，甚至通篇读完后才能作出正确选择。例如：Ayoungmanwasgettingreadytograduatefromcollege.Formanymonthshehad36abeautifulsportscarinadealer’sshowroom,andknowinghisfathercouldwellaffordit,hetoldhimthatwasallhewanted.(2009辽宁卷36.A.expectedB.enjoyedC.admiredD.owned逻辑关系考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、对比关系等。四个选项都是表示文章的起承转合、上下连贯等逻辑关系的词语，必须弄清句子前后的逻辑关系，才可作出正确选择。例如：InthecomplexandtechnologicalsocietythattheUnitedStateshasbecome,eachmembermustfulfillanumberofpersonalandoccupationalrolesandbeincontactwithmanyothermembers.44,viewingchildrenasnecessarymembersofsocietymeansthattheyareregardedmoreaspeopleintheirownrightthanasthoseofsubordination.(2008福建卷)44.A.BesidesB.HoweverC.InsteadD.Therefore习惯搭配考查考生对英语常见固定短语和习惯用法的掌握情况。如动词与名词的搭配、动词与介词或副词的搭配、介词与名词的搭配等。例如：Paulwalkedonsilently.“Look,thereitisagain.We’relost,aren’twe?”complainedPeter.Paulhadtoadmitthathedidn’tknowwheretheywere.Afterall,theywerealongdistancefromwheretheywere49tobe....Carefully,theboysfollowedthemarksthattheyhadleft,untilfinallytheyfoundtheircampsite.Hurriedly,theypackedtheirbelongingsandsetoff55thedirectionoftheriver.(2009江西卷)49.A.discoveredB.encouragedC.persuadedD.supposed55.A.forB.toC.atD.in固定句型Heknewthathisfriendsallhadbicycles.Itwas(hard)tohangaroundwithpeoplewhenyouweretheonlyonewithoutwheels.Hethoughtaboutwhathecoulddo.Therewasno40askinghisparents,forheknewtheyhadnomoneytospare.(2009北京卷)40.A.pointB.reasonC.resultD.right背景常识考查考生在日常学习和生活中所积累的经验和基本常识，以及一些基本的背景知识。例如：Lastweek,ayoungmanaheadofmeinthelineatapetrolstationdidn’thaveenoughmoneytopayforhispetrol.Iaskedthemoneycollector,“Howmuchshortishe?”Shetoldmehehadmeanttoput$15ofpetrolinhiscarbuthehadbeenlookingatthewronggauge(计量表)andhadputin1548,whichcametojustover$20.Thatisaneasymistakeasbothgaugesrunfast.(2009安徽卷)48.A.litresB.kilogramsC.poundsD.kilometresButweransomuchthat,afterwards,wehadtrouble45.(2004北京卷)A.speakingB.movingC.sleepingD.breathing逻辑推理考查考生根据文意和所掌握的知识和经验进行简单的逻辑推理来确定选项的能力。例如：“DidIdosomething38?Don’tyoulovemeanymore,Mom?”werejustafewofthequestionshethrewatmeasIlaughinglyaskedhimwhatwaswrong.(2008全国卷II)38.A.wrongB.funnyC.strangeD.smart词语辨析考查考生在特定语境中区别近义词的能力。几个选项的词性相同、意义相近，要求我们在特定的语境中区分它们之间的差别。例如：Jamesshookhismoneyboxagain.Nothing!Hecarefullycountedthecoinsthatlayonthebed.$24.52wasallthathehad.Thebicyclehewantedwasatleast$90!Howonearthwashegoingtogettherestofthemoney?Heknewthathisfriendsallhadbicycles.Itwas39tohangaroundwithpeoplewhenyouweretheonlyonewithoutwheels.Hethoughtaboutwhathecoulddo.Therewasno(point)askinghisparents,forheknewtheyhadnomoneyto41.(2009北京卷)39.A.braveB.hardC.smartD.unfair41.A.splitB.spendC.spareD.saveIwanttothankyouforteachingmeaveryvaluablelessoninlifebythegreatexampleyouset.WhenwewereeatingatthatcaféinBondiandapersonwhohad38hishamburgerdidn’thaveenoughmoneytopayforit,withoutanyhesitation,youwentoverandputtheextra$2intohishand.(2009安徽卷)38.A.orderedB.bookedC.offeredD.bought语法知识虽然完形填空题主要以考查语义理解为主，但间或也会渗透语法知识。例如：WhenStephenGuyer’sthreechildrenweregrowingup,hetoldthemstoriesabouthowhisgrandfather,abanker,lostallinthe1930s,butdidnotlosesightofwhathevaluedmost.Inoneofthedarkesttimes37hisstrong-mindedgrandfatherwasnearlypenniless,heloadedhisfamilyintothecarandtookthemtoseefamilymembersinCanadawithabelief,“Therearemoreimportantthingsinlifethanmoney.”(2009福建卷)37.A.whenB.whileC.howD.why1.巧用语意转折线索解题有些句子含有表示转折或对比的连词、副词或副词短语，如but，though，although，instead，however，onthecontrary，otherwise等，我们可利用这些暗示来解决问题。有时也可能没有这些词语的出现。Aformalletterisverydifferentfromaninformalletter.Formalletters___1___tobusinesses，schoolsorgovernmentoffices.___2___lettersareforrelatives，orformer（以前的）teachers.Youmaywriteaninformalletterbyhand，butyoushould___3___aformalletter.1.A.sendB.arewrittenC.writeD.aredropped2.A.InformalB.FormalC.BusinessD.Relative3.A.copyB.typeC.writeD.share2.巧用因果关系线索解题Itwasastrangenoisethatmadetheman___1___hiscarsoonafterheleftavillage___2___London.Hegotoutofhiscarand___3___thewheels（车轮）carefully，butashefoundnothing___4___hecontinuedhisway.1.A.startB.stopC.slowD.speed2.A.toB.forC.fromD.of3.A.repairedB.examinedC.cleanedD.looked4.A.wrongB.dangerC.interestingD.matter3.巧用具体示例线索解题即根据文章中所提供的具体实例进行分析，将与具体示例有关的信息进行优选，将与具体示例无关的信息进行排除，从而便可得出所需答案。Everystudentmustweartheir___1___whentheyareatschool.Thereare___2___itemsofuniforms：suits，dresses，shorts，skirtsandT-shirts.TherearealsoWasleyschoolbags，capsandsocks.1.A.longhairB.thickglassesC.sportsshoesD.schooluniforms2.A.muchB.threeC.manyD.alot4.巧用同义反义线索解题5.巧用逻辑顺序线索解题即根据文章所提供的内容，同时结合一定的生活常识，对所推断的内容进行逻辑推理和逻辑顺序。6.巧用语篇标志线索解题语篇一般指比单个句子长的语言单位，如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词语可称为