河南专用2020版中考英语语法过关专题一名词课件人教新目标版

专题一名词考点一名词词义辨析考点突破考点二名词的数考点三名词所有格考点一名词词义辨析考点突破一、名词的分类名词即表示人或物名称的词,它分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。具体情况见

下表:类别

意义例词专有名词

表示人、地方、事物、机

构、组织等名称的词Lucy,China,theGreatWall,

theGreatHallofthePeople普通名词

个体名词表示个体的人或事物的词dictionary,pencil,chair,win-

dow,table,book,bike,ball,

dog

集体名词表示一群人或一些事物的

词family,police,class,group,

team

物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质

或材料的词rice,glass,water,porridge,pa-

per,air,wool,wheat,steel

抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、

感情等抽象概念的词knowledge,danger,health,

love二、常考名词在中考中,对于名词的考查多集中在具体语言环境下名词词义的辨析上。综合

分析这几年的中考真题,总结出一些常考的名词。具体如下:Aactivity活动address地址advertisement广告advantage优势advice建议attention注意athlete运动员Bbalance平衡bottom底部business商业,生意Cchallenge挑战chance机会change变化collection收集物contribution贡献choice选择competition比赛;竞争cause原因custom风俗courage勇气Ddecision决定

design设计

difference不同discussion讨论duty责任;义务

distance距离description描述director导演;负责人

direction说明;方向Eeducation教育

effort努力

energy能量;精力experiment实验

expression表达environment环境excuse借口

exhibition展览experience经验;经历

explanation解释;说明Ffeeling感觉fun乐趣Hhabit习惯hobby业余爱好honour荣誉Iinformation信息

interest兴趣importance重要性

invention发明interview面试;访谈

influence影响(力)instruction说明;指示

invitation邀请M/Nmood心情

noise噪音Ooffer提议

opinion意见,看法opportunity机会

organization机构;组织Pprotection保护

praise表扬patient病人

progress进步problem问题

promise承诺

pride骄傲Rreason理由;原因

relation关系

result结果

report报告research研究;调查Sservice服务

shape形状;外形stranger陌生人sight视力;景象

style样式;款式support支持success成功

suggestion建议sense感觉Ttechnology技术tourist游客

tradition传统traffic车辆;交通trouble困难Vvoice嗓音

volunteer志愿者visitor游客value价值考点二名词的数名词的数在英语中,普通名词按照其所表示的事物性质可分为可数名词与不可数名词。1.可数名词的单复数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。可数名词单数变复数的变化如下:(1)名词复数的规则变化变化例词一般情况下在词尾直接加-smap→mapspark→parks以s,x,sh,ch结尾的,在词尾加-esbus→busesbox→boxesbrush→brusheswatch→watches部分以f,fe结尾的,把f,fe变成v,再加-es,有些直接在词尾加-sknife→kniveswife→wivesroof→roofsbelief→beliefs以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i,再加-esfamily→familiesbaby→babies以字母o结尾的,有时加-s,有时加-esphoto→photoshero→heroes(2)名词复数的不规则变化注意:可用下列单词或短语修饰可数名词的复数。如:some,(a)few,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,many变化例词oo→eefoot→feettooth→teethgoose→geesea→eman→menwoman→women词尾加-renchild→children特殊变化mouse→mice不变化sheepdeerJapaneseChinese2.不可数名词的数量表达不可数名词表示数量可用alotof,much,little,alittle,some,no等修饰。要表示

一定的数量,可借助单位词(piece,pair,bowl等)表达。如:acupoftea一杯茶apieceofpaper一张纸apieceofnews一则新闻aglassofwater一杯水threecupsofcoffee三杯咖啡fivekilosofmeat五公斤肉注意:一些可数名词也可加单位词来表达。如:aboxofmatches一盒火柴fourpoundsoftomatoes四磅西红柿3.名词作定语时的单复数名词作定语时一般用单数形式,但以下情况例外:(1)用复数作定语。如:sportsmeeting运动会talkstable谈判桌(2)man,woman等作定语时,其单复数形式以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如:menworkers男工人womenteachers女教师(3)“数词+名词”组成复合形容词作定语时,该名词一般用单数形式。如:atwo-dayholiday一个两天的假期名词可数不可数名词可数不可数glass玻璃杯玻璃orange橙子橙汁room房间空间fish鱼鱼肉time次数;倍数时间paper报纸;试卷纸,纸张chicken小鸡鸡肉work作品工作experience经历经验life生命生活4.常见的同一名词作可数名词与不可数名词的不同意义见下表:5.分辨可数名词和不可数名词的口诀可数不可数好分辨,名词所示物分两半。如每半不能叫原名,那该词可数最公平。每半还能把原名叫,不可数名词就遇到。有的名词是两面堵,意变不可数为可数。如:bike(自行车),如果把一辆自行车分成两半,每半只能叫自行车的一部分,不能

再叫自行车,所以bike是可数名词。water(水),如果把一杯水分成两杯装,每杯仍可叫水,因此,water是不可数名词。orange(橙汁),如果把一瓶橙汁分成两瓶,每瓶还可以叫橙汁,故orange(橙汁)为不可数名词;但意为“橙子”时,是可数名词。考点三名词所有格1.名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。有两种表示形式:一种是's所有格,另

一种是of所有格。如:BeijingisChina'scapital./BeijingisthecapitalofChina.北京是中国的首都。2.用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系,这时只在最后一个名词后加-

's。如:ThisisMaryandhersister'sbedroom.这是玛丽和她姐姐的卧室。LilyandLucy'smotherisanurse.莉莉和露西的妈妈是位护士。用and连接两个并列名词,表示分别拥有各自的物品时,两个名词都在词尾加-'s

表示所有关系。如:TheseareTom'sandMary'sbags.这些是汤姆和玛丽的包。WeiHua'sandJohn'slicensesaremissing.魏华和约翰的许可证都丢了。3.以-s结尾的名词,在s后加“'”;不以-s结尾的词,在词尾加-'s。如:Children'sDay儿童节

Teachers'Day教师节4.of所有格常用来表示无生命的东西。如:thedooroftheroom房间的门5.双重所有格有两种形式:①of+名词所有格;②of+名词性物主代词。如:Heisafriendofmybrother's.他是我哥哥的一个朋友。Issheadaughterofyours?她是你的女儿吗?6.表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时,常在名词后加上-’s代表全称。如:atthedoctor's在诊所7.一些具有名词性质的复合不定代词,如someone,everybody等和else连用时,-'s

应加在else后。如:somebodyelse'spencil别人的铅笔8.表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词,也可以在词尾加“-

's”或“'”来构成所有格。如:(1)用于时间anhour'sride骑车一小时的路程twoweeks'time两个星期的时间(2)用于度量thirteentons'weight13吨的重量fivehundredmetres'distance五百米的距离(3)用于价值ahundredyuan'sorder一百元的订货单ahundredpounds'note一百英镑的钞票(4)用于天体theearth'ssatellite地球卫星(5)用于国家Belgium'scapital比利时的首都(6)用于城市theUral'sindustry乌拉尔的工业Changchun'sagriculture长春的农业9.双重所有格与of所有格的区别。如:Heisafriendofyourfather's.他是你父亲的一个朋友。(强调你父亲的朋友不止一个)Heisafriendofyourfather.他是你父亲的朋友。(强调他对你父亲的友好)一、选词填空1.(2019河南)Forhisson'sbirthday,Stevenistakinghimtothenewmovieasa

treat

.(task/treat/choice/visit)2.(2019天津)Thepurpose

ofthisactivityistoraisemoneyforanewhospital.

(silence/purpose/culture/language)3.(2019江苏南京)—TomorrowisMum'sbirthday.Let'sbuysomeflowersfor

her.—OK.Iknowshelikesroses

best.(dresses/rings/handbags/roses)中考题组4.(2019重庆)Onepage

ofthebookismissing,soIcan'tlearnthewholestory.

(copy/page/writer/reader)5.(2019山西)Tokeepourcitybeautiful,thecleaners

arealwaysverybusyin

thestreets.Weshouldn'tthrowrubbisheverywhere.(policemen/cleaners/drivers)6.(2019湖北武汉)—Dad,whatistheloudspeakersaying?—Itistothepassengers

.TheflighttoWuhanisboardingnow.(customers/pas-

sengers/members/tourists)7.(2019江西)Mydaughterhelpsmecook,butsheisn'toldenoughtobeleftalone

inthekitchen

.(bedroom/classroom/lab/kitchen)8.(2019福建)—Whatshouldwedoforthecampingtrip?—We'dbettermakealist

ofthingslikefoods,drinks,medicineandsoon.(list

/card/report)9.(2019安徽)Youcanseethepride

inourfaceswhenwetalkaboutthegreat

achievementsinthepast70years.(doubt/pride/regret/ability)10.(2019河北)Ilikethissong.It'sbyoneofmyfavoritesingers

.(singers/

dancers/painters/writers)11.(2019四川成都)—Sally'sfavoritecolor

isorange.—Isee.That'swhyallhersweatersareorange.(fruit/color/juice)12.(2019山东青岛)—Lucy,howaboutgoingtothelibrary

?—Soundsgreat!Readingbookscangiveusmuchpleasure.(library/cinema/museum

/concert)13.(2019浙江温州)—Sir,didyouenjoyyourstayinourhotel

?—Yes,IsleptwellandIlikethebreakfast.(hotel/school/factory/company)14.(2019黑龙江哈尔滨)Timgotfourtoys

fromhisrelativesonChildren's

Day.(toy/toys/toies)15.(2019甘肃天水)Afterplayingfootballformorethanhalfanhour,thestudents

tookafewminutes'

rest.(afewminute's/alittleminute's/afewminutes'/alittleminutes')16.(2019江苏苏州)—Keepquiet,son!Ineedcompletesilence

whenI'm

working.—Sorry,Dad.Iwon'tmakeanynoiseagain.(trust/silence/control/strength)17.(2018河南)—It'suselesstoregretwhathasbeendone.Don'tmakethosemis-

takesagain.—Iwon't.That'sa(n)promise

.(order/decision/promise/agreement)18.(2018天津)Hersmilemademefeelwarmandlively.Itwaslikeahiddentreasure

.(competition/interview/treasure/tradition)19.(2018江苏南京)—DoyouhavethisT-shirtinasmallsize

?—I'mafraidnot.Itonlycomesinmedium.(size/colour/material/taste)20.(2018河北)Didyouhearthenews

?Ascientistwillvisitourschool.(advice/

news/praise/choice)21.(2018广东)Thethreerooms

upstairsaretoosmalltohaveenoughroom

foradoublebed.(room;room/room;rooms/rooms;room/rooms;rooms)22.(2018湖北武汉)—Kate,I'mgoingshopping.Anythingtobuyforyou?—Yes,thatwillsavemeatrip

.(hand/trip/visit/bill)23.(2018重庆)—Ihaveabadcold.—Sorrytohearthat.You'dbettergotoseeadoctor

atonce.(doctor/cook/writer/farmer)24.(2018安徽)—Whatisthesecret

ofyourexcellentspokenEnglish?—Practicemakesperfect!(result/influence/duty/secret)25.(2017河南)Ifyoufighthard,knowwhoyouare,andareproudofwhoyouare,

you'vegotagoodchance

ofwinning.(choice/chance/decision/direction)二、语篇填空(2020河南中考预测)阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。hewriteexcellentonegetdieasyearlateruntilThelifeofMaoDunThisyearmarksthe120thanniversaryofMaoDun'sbirth.Heisoneofthemost

famousnovelistsofmodernChina.MaoDunwasbornin1896.Hebeganhiscareerasa1

in1916.In1920,hetrans-

latedThe

Constitution

of

the

Communist

Party

of

the

Soviet

UnionintoChinese.

Oneyear

2

,inShanghai,MaoDunbecamethe

3

writertojointheCommu-

nistPartyofChina.HewasChina'sfirstministerofcultureandwaselectedchair-manoftheChineseWritersAssociation(中国作家协会)in1978.OnMarch27,198

1,he4

ofillnessinBeijing.Duringtheperiodfrom19745

hisdeath,MaoDunlivedinBeijingandfinished

writinghisreminiscences(回忆录).Duringthelastyearofhislife,MaoDunhaddifficulty6

aroundanddidmost

ofhisreadingandwritinginhisbedroom.Asinglebed,apillow,asheetandaquilt

remainpositioned

7

theywerebeforehisdeath.Somebooksthatheoftenread

duringhislast

8

arepiledonabedsidetable.Maokeptpensandpaperbeside

himatnightsothathecouldwritedown

9

thoughtsashewokeupatmidnightforreading.Onhisdeathbed,hedonatedroyalties(版税)of250,000yuantothe

ChineseWritersAssociationasafundtoestablishtheMaoDunLiteratureAwards

(茅盾文学奖)asawaytoencourage10

Chinesenovelists.1.writer

2.later

3.first

4.died

5.until

6.getting

7.as

8.year

9.his

10.excellent

一、选词填空1.(2019河南郑州外国语中学一模)Jennifertakesalotofexerciseeverydayand

sheisalwaysfullofenergy

.(knowledge/energy/change/courage)2.(2019河南新乡一模)—Itsoundslikeagoodidea.Butwhoisgoingtogivethe

speech?—IthinkEmilyisthebestchoice

.(plan/goal/chance/choice)3.(2019河南洛阳一模)Idobelievefriendshiprequirestrust

,oritwillbreak

easily.(trust/trouble/solution/suggestion)模拟题组4.(2019河南开封一模)—Didyougototheconcert

lastnight?—Yes.ThemusicfansscreamedandcheeredwhenAvrilLavigneappearedonthe

stage.(museum/cinema/concert/library)5.(2019河南安阳一模)There'sahugedifference

betweenthinkingabout

somethingandactuallydoingit.Trytochooseproperly.(development/decision/dis-

covery/difference)6.(2019河南焦作一模)Hisexcuse

forbeinglatewasthathehadmissedthe

train,butitwasnottrue.(introduction/explanation/reason/excuse)7.(2019河南平顶山一模)—Mom,Ihavetrieditmanytimesbutstilldidn'tsuc-ceed.Ireallywanttogiveup.—Mydearson,Ibelievethataslongasyouhaveastrongwill

,yourdream

willcometrueoneday.(wish/will/feeling/order)8.(2019河南许昌一模)National

Treasurequicklyrosetothetoptelevisionrating

ranks(收视率)afteritwasplayedonCCTV.Itmeansagrowinginterest

intradi-

tionalcultureamongChina'syoungpeople.(interest/introduction/direction/habit)9.(2019河南商丘一模)Heandhiswifeareofthesamemind

.Theybothwant

theirsontogotocollege.(heart/spirit/mind/direction)10.(2019河大附中一模)—Whatagreatdecision

you'vemade!—Yes,Iavoidedanaccidentbychangingthedirection.(agreement/decision/instruc-

tion/mistake)11.(2019河南中原名校中考第一次大联考)—HowcanIlearnEnglishwell?—Youcantrytoremembersomenewwordseveryday.Andlisteningtotapesis

alsoagoodchoice

.(choice/suggestion/message/advantage)12.(2019河南中原名校中考第二次大联考)Friendscanhaveagreatinfluence

onteenagers,sotrytostayawayfromthosefriendswithbadhabits.(time/differ-

ence/influence/discussion)13.(2019河南百校联盟大联考)—HowfarisitfromChongqingtoGuiyang?—It'sabouttwohours'

ridebyhigh-speedtrain.(hour/hour's/hours/hours')14.(2019河南郑州二模)Myfather'soldcarneedstoomuchattention

,soheis

goingtosellit.(information/attention/condition/pollution)15.(2019河南新乡二模)Thegesture

isamovementofpartofyourbody,espe-

ciallyyourhands,toshowwhatyoumean.(method/gesture/expression/measure)16.(2019河南平顶山二模)—It'sfinetoday,Linda.Howaboutgoingforarun?—Sorry.Thisisnottherightmoment

toinviteme.Ihavetodomyhomework.

(moment/situation/place/chance)17.(2018河南开封一模)—HowdotheBritishpeopleusuallystarta(n)conversation

?—Theystartitwithsubjectslikeweatherorholiday.(conversation/discussion/introduction/instruction)18.(2018河南新乡一模)Meetingthestandard

ofastrictteachermaybehard,

butifyouhavegotusedtoit,youwillfindhowmuchyouareimproving.(agree-

ment/standard/ability/experience)19.(2018河南安阳一模)—Davidmadeupasillyexcuseforhisabsence

from

themeetingagain.—Healwaystalksalotanddoeslittle.(silence/absence/courage/position)20.(2018河南许昌一模)Agoodwaytobreakthehabit

ofeatingtooquicklyis

toputyourknifeandforkdownaftereachmouthful.(tradition/use/habit/custo