河南专用2020版中考英语语法过关专题八动词的分类与辨析课件人教新目标版

专题八动词的分类与辨析考点一动词的分类及动词短语考点突破考点二动词的词义辨析考点一动词的分类及动词短语考点突破一、动词的分类动词的种类包括实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。(一)实义动词实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法功能可分为及物动词和不及物动

词。1.及物动词及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。(1)动词+宾语Ilikethisbookverymuch.我非常喜欢这本书。(2)动词+宾语+宾补WecallthebirdPolly.我们叫这只鸟Polly。Isawthechildrenplayintheparkyesterday.昨天我看见孩子们在公园玩。注意:用省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:have,see,watch,notice,hear

等。(3)动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Pleasepassmethesalt.请把盐递给我。常见的带双宾语的动词有:give,bring,buy,get,leave,lend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell

等。2.不及物动词不及物动词自身意思完整,无需接宾语。Horsesrunfast.马跑得很快。(1)有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。(及物动词)Westudyhard.我们努力学习。(不及物动词)(2)有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成动词短语,它的作用相当于一

个及物动词。1)动词+介词Listentotheteachercarefully.仔细听老师讲。注意:此类动词短语后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词,都只能放在介词后面,不

能放在动词和介词之间。2)动词+副词+介词Let'sgoonwithourwork!让我们继续我们的工作吧!Hegetsalongwellwithhisclassmates.他与同学们相处得很好。注意:这类动词短语后的宾语只能放在介词的后面。实义动词按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。①延续性动词延续性动词表示动作是可以持续的,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:live,

study,work,keep,teach等。如:WehavelivedinSuzhousince2001.自2001年以来,我们一直住在苏州。Youcankeepthisbookfortwoweeks.这本书你可以借两周。②非延续性动词非延续性动词表示瞬间动作,动作一旦发生立即结束,如:buy,lend,borrow,die,be-

gin,stop,finish,arrive,join,go,come,catch等,非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的

状语连用。如果和表示一段时间的状语连用,就要用其他的词代替。Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortwoyears.那个老人已经去世两年了。(这里不能用hasdied)Hearrivedherefivedaysago.他五天前到这儿的。(二)系动词系动词本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的

状态、性质、特征或身份。1.表示状态常见的有:be“是”;stay“保持”;keep“保持”;remain“保持”等。如:Itremainsasecret.它现在还是个秘密。2.表示感官、表象常见的有:look“看起来”;feel“摸起来”;smell“闻起来”;sound“听起来”;taste“尝起来”等。如:Theflowerssmellsweet.花闻起来很香。3.表示转变和结果常见的有:become“变成”;get/turn/grow“变得”等。如:Herfaceturnsred.她的脸红了。(三)助动词助动词本身没有意义,它只是帮助实义动词或系动词构成谓语,表示疑问、否

定、时态、语态等。有些单词并不是固定的助动词,如动词be、have、do等在

句子中与实义动词或系动词一起构成各种时态、语态、否定句、疑问句时,才担当起助动词的作用。常见的助动词还有will,shall,would,should等。(四)情态动词有一定的词义,本身并不表示动作或状态,而仅仅表示说话人的态度。它在句中

需和主要动词一起构成谓语。(详见“专题十一情态动词”)动词+介词laughat嘲笑pointat指着worryabout担忧agreewith赞成askfor请求talkabout谈论动词+副词pickup捡起growup长大lookout当心stayup熬夜动词+名词makeprogress取得进步makefaces做鬼脸动词+名词+介词makefriendswith...和……交朋友giveone'slifeto...献身于……动词+副词+介词stayawayfrom远离getalongwith进展;相处动词+介词+名词gotoschool去上学gotobed上床睡觉二、动词短语1.常见的动词短语有以下几种形式:2.常见的动词短语:take短语takeup占据

takeaway带走;拿走

takeoff(飞机)起飞;脱掉

takedown写下;记下

takeout切除

takeplace发生

takecareof照顾

takepartin参加

make短语makeadecision作出决定

makeamistake犯错

makealiving谋生

makeup组成;构成

turn短语turnon打开

turnoff关闭

turnup开大;调高

turndown调低;关小

turnin上交

turnout结果是

give短语giveup放弃

givein屈服;让步

giveaway捐赠

giveout散发;分发

giveoff发出(光、热等)

get短语getto到达

getup起床;起来

getover克服

geton上车

getoff下车

gettogether相聚

getreadyfor...为……做准备

keep短语keepout留在外面

keepoff使……不接近;回避某话题

keepupwith并驾齐驱;跟上

keepawayfrom远离

keepintouch保持联系

keephealthy保持健康

put短语putup搭建;张贴

puton穿上;上演

putoff推迟;拖延

putout熄灭

putaway把……收起来

putdown写下;记下

putupwith容忍

look短语lookat看

lookfor寻找

lookafter照顾

lookup查阅

lookthrough浏览

lookaround环顾

come短语comeon加油;快点

comeout出现;出版

comeover突然感到

comealong出现;跟随

go短语goon继续

goback回到

goaway走开;离开

goby(时间)流逝

goover仔细检查

gooff熄灭;离开

三个(be)usedtobeusedtodoingsth.表示习惯做某事,此时to是介词,后用v.-ing形式

usedtodosth.表示过去常常做某事

beusedtodosth.被用来做某事考点二动词的词义辨析常见的动词词义辨析:三个“到达”getgetto+地点名词

reach及物动词,后面可直接接地点名词

arrivearrivein+大地点(名词)arriveat+小地点(名词)三个“借”borrow非延续性动词,表示主语“借入”,常用搭配borrowsth.fromsb.

lend非延续性动词,表示主语“借出”,常用搭配lendsth.tosb.

keep延续性动词,表示“长时间地借”三个“穿”dressdresssb.给某人穿衣服;dressup装扮

puton“穿上,戴上”,表示动作

wear“穿着,戴着”,表示状态四个“看”see“看见”,表示结果

look“看”,表示动作,是不及物动词,后面需加介词at才能接宾语

watch“观看(比赛、电视)”

read“看(书、报)”,表示阅读四个“拿”bring“带来,拿来”,表示“拿到靠近说话人的地方”

take“拿去,带走”,表示“拿到远离说话人的地方”

carry“扛,搬,用力移动”,没有方向

fetch“去取,去拿”,表示“往返拿东西”四个“说”speak作及物动词时后接表示语言的名词,也指在会议上发言

say常跟直接引语或间接引语,并且表示说的内容

talk是不及物动词,常跟介词to和with,意为“同……谈话”,也表示具有说话的能力

tell意为“告诉”,tellstories意为“讲故事”四个“花费”spend人作主语,表示花费时间或金钱,后接onsth.或(in)doingsth.

cost物作主语,意为“某物花费多少钱”

take可用于固定句型表示花费一段时间做某事,其结构为:It+takes/took+一段时间+todosth.

pay与介词for连用两个“找”lookfor强调寻找的过程

find强调找的结果两个“听”listentolisten为不及物动词,与to组成固定搭配,强调听的动作

hear强调听的结果四个有关“赢、输”lose意为“被打败;输掉”,常用搭配:losetosb.输给某人

fail意为“失败”或“未做成某事”

beat意为“打败”,后接某人或某支队伍

win意为“赢得”,如:赢得荣誉、地位、比赛等三个“参加”join一般指加入“党派”或“组织”,如参军、入党等

takepartin指参加聚会或活动

attend一般指出席会议四个“变化”turn一般用于颜色的变化

get天变黑、变长或变短

become天气变暖或变冷等,表示渐变

grow形状变大或变小一、选词填空1.(2019河南)Youcan'tchangewhoyouarebyreadingabookorchangetheway

youactbywatchingavideo.Whatmatters

iswhatyoudo,notwhatyouknow.

(includes/decides/means/matters)2.(2019河南)Iaskedmyfathertopick

meup

attheschoolgateat6:30so

thatwecouldvisitGrandmatogether.(pick;up/turn;down/let;down/cheer;up)3.(2019天津)Weshouldavoid

makinganoiseinthelibrary.(avoid/prefer/prac-

tise/enjoy)中考题组4.(2019天津)IfyouwanttojointheMusicClub,fillout

theform,please.(go

out/fillout/getup/warmup)5.(2019江苏南京)TinacomestoChinainordertoexperienceChinesecultureand

findout

whichuniversityisthebestforhertoattend.(putout/stayout/findout/

runout)6.(2019山西)Fightingforyourdreamsislikeclimbingamountain.Whateverdiffi-

cultiesyoumeet,don'tgiveup

.Justmoveon.(setoff/comeout/giveup)7.(2019湖北武汉)—Iwon'ttellthistoanyone.—Promise

?(Agree/Guess/Hope/Promise)8.(2019湖北武汉)—WhywereyoushoutingatTom?—Itoldhimtobequiet,buthekepton

talking.(joinedin/endedup/kepton/put

off)9.(2019江西)You'llhavetoshare

thebooksbecausetherearen'tenoughfor

everyone.(pack/sell/choose/share)10.(2019福建)—Ihavetroublespeaking

English,Mr.Lee.—WhynotgototheEnglishCornerandtrytotalkwithothers?(reading/writing/

speaking)11.(2019福建)MydeskmateandIaregoingtoputon

atalkshowatthepartytocelebratethe70thbirthdayofourmotherland.(handin/puton/takeout)12.(2019安徽)—Hello,BeijingHotel.CanIhelpyou?—Yes,I'dliketobook

asingleroomfortwonights.(enter/move/book/pro-

vide)13.(2019新疆)—I'mafraidhisradioistoonoisy.Willyoupleaseask

himto

turnitdown

alittle?—Sure.(ask;turnitdown/allow;turniton/tell;turnitup/advise;turnitoff)14.(2019吉林)Wealwayscleanup

ourclassroomeveryFridayafternoon.

(cleanup/putup/useup)15.(2019贵州铜仁)—DoyouknowanythingaboutC919?—Ofcourse.It'sakindofplanewhichismadein

China.(ismadeof/ismade

in/ismadefrom/ismadeupof)16.(2019江苏苏州)Wouldyoupleaseturnoff

thelight?Ican'tsleepwell

withiton.(turnon/turnoff/turnto/turnaround)17.(2019甘肃兰州)—CanIhelpyou,sir?—Yes,please.Iamlookingfor

ablueT-shirt.(lookingup/lookingfor/looking

after/lookingthrough)18.(2019湖北襄阳)—WhatdoesHuawei'snewestsmartphonelooklike?—It'swonderful!Youcanfold

itinhalfjustlikeclosingabook.(hand/pass/

fold/cut)19.(2019河北)OnthefirstdayofChineseNewYear,weputon

newclothes

andvisitpeople.(pickup/puton/takeoff/throwaway)20.(2019广西南宁)John,pleasetakeout

yourdictionaryfromtheschoolbag

andlookupthenewword.(takeaway/takeup/takeoff/takeout)21.(2019内蒙古呼和浩特)—Jack,let'shaveapicnicafterschool.—Sorry.Ihavepromised

Franktoworkonthebiologyreportwithhim.(ad-

vised/expected/suggested/promised)22.(2019内蒙古呼和浩特)IreallyneedtotakemoreexercisebecauseI'm

puttingon

weight.(puttingdown/puttingon/puttingoff/puttingaway)23.(2019山东青岛)TheEnglishSpeechCompetitionbroughtout

thebestin

her.Asaresult,sheismoreactivenow.(checkedout/triedout/leftout/broughtout)24.(2018河南)—Hey,Jeremy.TonyandIwanttotry

thenewItalianrestau-

ranttonight.Comewithus!—Whynot?(try/taste/choose/search)25.(2018河南)—Jackistellingeveryonehehasboughtanewcar.—Paynoattentiontohim.Heisjustshowingoff

.(takingoff/showingoff/driv-ingoff/settingoff)26.(2018天津)Iamafraidwecannotafford

totakeataxi.Let'sgobyunder-

groundinstead.(refuse/afford/forget/fall)27.(2018河北)Canyouhelpmepickup

thepen?It'sunderyourchair.(askfor

/lookfor/pickup/putup)28.(2018江苏苏州)—WhatdoyouthinkofJason?—Hehasimpressed

mewithhisgoodsenseofhumour.(impressed/admired/

reminded/warned)29.(2018湖北武汉)Itookthesubwayandgotoff

atthedowntownstation.(gotthrough/gotover/goton/gotoff)30.(2018山东潍坊)Thephotosthatwonthefirstprizeinthecompetitionwillbe

putup

onthewebsite.(putaway/putoff/putup/puton)31.(2018安徽)—I'mafraidImightforgettobuythebreadafterwork.—Don'tworry.Iwillremind

youthen.(notice/allow/remind/promise)32.(2018贵州贵阳)Weshouldspend

moretimetalkingwithourteachersso

thattheycanunderstandusbetter.(pay/spend/take)33.(2017河南)Don'tknowwhereyourkidsareinthehouse?TurnofftheInternet

andthey'llshowup

quickly.(getup/standup/showup/hurryup)34.(2017河南)Theplaneremained

onthegroundfortwomorehoursbecause

ofthebadweather.(ran/moved/shook/remained)二、语篇填空(2020河南中考预测)阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完

整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。specialwithoutshesoencourage

peteInanEnglishwritingcompetition,agirlnamedSarawonfirstprize.Sheisa1

winner,becausesheistheonlycompetitorwhodoesn'thavehands.Sarawasborn2

herhands.Herfamilydidn'tlikeher,3

theyleftherin

frontofawelfarehome(福利院).4

,anAmericancouplelikedSaraverymuch.

TheybroughtherbacktoAmerica.Therewasanothergirlinthefamily.Sheis2

years5

thanSara.ShelikedSara,too.Sarawasshyatfirst.Butallthefamily6

hertoopenherheart.Theytaughther

tospeakEnglishandtreatedherlikeacommonperson.Astimewentby,Sarabe-

camemoreandmoreactiveandoutgoing.Shewassosmartthatshecould7

andreadEnglishinjustoneyear.Shewasalsobrave.Shelearnedtorideabikeandclimbtreeswithnohands.Lastyear,therewasanEnglishwriting8

inherschool.Shedecidedtotake

partinit.Shebegantolearntowrite,holdingthepenbetweenherarms.Thepen

felldownfromherarmsagainandagain.However,shedidn'tgiveup.Aftertwo

9

,shecouldwriteverywell.Andfinally,shewontheprize.Allherfamilyand

friendswereproudof10

.Whenshelearntthereweremanyotherpeoplelike

herinChina,shebegantolearnChinese.Shesaiditwasherdutytotellthemhow

tobesuccessfulinlife.1.special

2.without

3.so

4.Luckily

5.older

6.encouraged

7.speak

8.competition

9.months

10.her

一、选词填空1.(2019河南郑州一模)—Howcanwebuildanexcellentclass?—Weneedagoodheadteachertopulltogether

allthestudentsandteachers.

(putoff/pullout/putdown/pulltogether)2.(2019河南郑州外国语中学一模)Nowadays,thenumberofthecarsisbecoming

largerandlarger.Sowemustpayattentionto

thetrafficsafety.(lookforward

to/bewillingto/payattentionto/preferto)3.(2019河南郑州外国语中学一模)Iamgreatlyinterestedinthispainting.Some-模拟题组thinginitexpresses

thepainter'sdeeplovefornature.(expresses/discusses/

expects/imagines)4.(2019河南郑州外国语中学一模)TheInternetissocloselyconnectedwithour

dailylife.Canyouimagine

alifewithoutit?(understand/imagine/consider/ex-

pect)5.(2019河南省实验中学一模)Areyoukidding?Doessuchamealcost$50?I

expect

somethingfarbetterthanthis.(cancel/expect/regret/suppose)6.(2019河南新乡一模)—Ihaven'tpaintedsinceIwas11.NowIamthinking

aboutpicking

itup

again.—Goodforyou!(giving;up/picking;up/putting;up/cutting;up)7.(2019河南洛阳一模)Slowdownandcompare

yourpresentwithyourpast,

youwillfindhowluckyyouare.(correct/complete/compare/consider)8.(2019河南洛阳一模)—Idon'tknowhowtodealwith

theoldbooksinmy

study.—WhynothaveayardsalethisSunday?(handin/dealwith/takeup/takeaway)9.(2019河南开封一模)Thereportonthewildanimalsrequires

alotofinfor-

mation,soI'llgotothelibraryforsomemagazinesandbooksaboutnatureand

wildlife.(receives/requires/records/repairs)10.(2019河南安阳一模)Whenyoufeellikegivingup

,justtryonemoretime

—dothatalittlebitmore.Encourageyourself,ratherthandiscouragingyourself.

(puttingup/showingup/givingup/turningup)11.(2019河南焦作一模)Thereweresomanypeopleinthestreetthathehadto

push

hiswaythroughthecrowd.(feel/throw/pull/push)12.(2019河南焦作一模)Whenhefailedtopayhisbill,thecompanycutoff

his

electricity.(cutup/cutoff/cutthrough/cutdown)13.(2019河南平顶山一模)Jackisalwayssobusythathecanhardlyspare

a

fewminutestotalktohisfamily.(spend/spare/share/take)14.(2019河南平顶山一模)—Didheturndown

yourinvitation?—Yes,hehadanimportantmeetingtoattendthatday.(turndown/putaway/lookup/

handin)15.(2019河南许昌一模)Lifeischangingquicklyandmanyoftheoldtraditionsare

dyingout

.(keepingup/fallingdown/dyingout/givingup)16.(2019河南商丘一模)Nickislookingforanotherjobbecausehefeelsthatnoth-

inghedoessatisfies

hisboss.(serves/promises/supports/satisfies)17.(2019河大附中一模)WhenIaskedhimwhyhewaslateforschoolagain,the

boymadeup

anexcuse.(putup/pickedup/tookup/madeup)18.(2019河大附中一模)Theapartmentsinthecitycenterarealwaysexpensive.

Katiecan'tafford

onewithallhermoney.(provide/afford/offer/support)19.(2019河南中原名校中考第一次大联考)MyfriendJennyseemstobeableto

read

mymindbecauseshealwaysknowswhatIreallyneed.(look/read/guess/

make)20.(2019河南中原名校中考第二次大联考)Thetestpaperwasratherdifficult.

Timehadranout

whenheonlyansweredhalfofthequestions.(ranout/putout/

givenout/soldout)21.(2019河南中原名校中考第二次大联考)—WhendoIgettomeethim?—Tomorrow,ifIcanfix

it.(expect/hold/search/fix)22.(2019河南郑州二模)Goodnewsnevergoesbeyondthegate,butbadnews

spreads

farandwide.(spreads/supports/affects/causes)23.(2018河南开封一模)Ourschoolbushadtoremain

infrontofthesuper-

marketforhoursbecauseofthebadtraffic.(remind/remain/realize/require)24.(2018河南新乡一模)—Manyyoungpeopleusuallyoffertheirseatstotheold

onthebus.—That'sgood.Theoldshouldbecaredfor

.(lookedfor/listenedto/depended

on/caredfor)25.(2018河南开封一模)“TheBeltandRoad”willhelptoopenup

markets

forChinaaswellasothercountriesalong.(putup/lookup/takeup/openup)26.(2018河南安阳一模)—Oh,myGod!Ihaveputon

fivepoundsafterthe

SpringFestiva