文体分类练1　应用文阅读理解2025年高考总复习优化设计二轮专题英语X课后习题专项能力提升练含答案

文体分类练1应用文阅读理解2025年高考总复习优化设计二轮专题英语X课后习题专项能力提升练含答案文体分类练(一)应用文Passage1(2024广东佛山二模)主题:免费社区交换活动词数:242难度:★★☆☆☆FreeCommunitySwapContact:CatherineCrawford,(718)809-1603ccrawford@JonKlar,(646)530-0381jklar@NewYorkerslookingtoreduce,reuse,andsavemoneythisyearareinvitedtoparticipateinStop‘N’Swap,afreecommunityeventorganizedbylocalnon-profitGrowNYC.TheaverageNYChouseholdthrowsawayabout2,000poundsofwasteayear.ByreusingthrougheventslikeStop‘N’Swap,NYCresidentscantakepartinsavingover40millionpoundsofmaterialfromlandfilleveryyear.Takeabreakfromshopping,supportacleanerfuture,andjointheever-growingreusecommunity!WHAT:FreeStop‘N’SwapCommunityReuseEventWHEN:February19th,12pm-3pmWHERE:BronxWorksClassicCommunityCenter-286East156thStreet,Bronx,NY10451Thepublicareinvitedtobringcleanandreusableitems.Nooneisrequiredtobringsomethingtotakesomething—youcansimplyshowupwithabagandseewhat’sfreeforthetaking.Books,toys,clothing,andelectronicsarejustsomeoftheofferings.Furnitureandotherlargeitemsarenotacceptedattheswap.Anythingleftoverattheendofthedayisdonatedorrecycled.Stop‘N’SwapshavedevelopedaregularfollowingamongenvironmentallyconsciousNewYorkers.Afteralmosttwoyearswithoutswaps,GrowNYChassetagoalofhostingoneswapineachofthecity’s59communitydistrictseachyear,providingopportunitiestomakeNYCtrulylivable—aplacewhereeverypersoncanenjoyahealthierlife.【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了GrowNYC组织的免费社区交换活动。1.WhatshouldyoudotogetmoreinformationfromCatherine?A.Call(646)530-0381.B.Call(718)809-1603.C.Emailjklar@.D.Visit286East156thStreet,Bronx.答案B解析细节理解题。由文章Contact部分中“CatherineCrawford,(718)809-1603”可知,应该拨打(718)809-1603才能从凯瑟琳那里得到更多的信息。2.WhatitemsareunacceptableattheStop‘N’Swap?A.Dry-as-dustbooks.B.Old-fashionedclothes.C.Out-of-dateelectronics.D.Second-handfurniture.答案D解析细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段中“Furnitureandotherlargeitemsarenotacceptedattheswap.”可知,家具和其他大件物品在交换中是不可接受的。3.WhatistheaimofGrowNYC’sStop‘N’Swap?A.TomakeNYCabetterplacetolivein.B.ToenrichNewYorkers’communitylife.C.ToreducethecostofdealingwithwasteinNYC.D.Toencouragedistrictstocompeteinsustainability.答案A解析细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“Afteralmosttwoyearswithoutswaps,GrowNYChassetagoalofhostingoneswapineachofthecity’s59communitydistrictseachyear,providingopportunitiestomakeNYCtrulylivable—aplacewhereeverypersoncanenjoyahealthierlife.”可知,活动的目的是让纽约成为更适合居住的地方。Passage2(2024安徽合肥一模)主题:香港的四座大楼词数:304难度:★★☆☆☆HongKonghasthelargestcollectionofhigh-risebuildingsonEarth,manyofwhichhavebeendesignedbyworld-famousarchitects.HSBCHeadquartersBuildingIn1979,theHongKongandShanghaiBankingCorporation(HSBC)launchedaninternationaldesigncompetitionforitsnewheadquarters.Foster+Partners,headedbyarchitectSirNormanFoster,wonthecompetitionwithanout-of-the-boxidea.Withabudgetofroughly$667millionintheday’scurrency,theBritishvisionaryhadthemodular(模块化的)piecesconstructedintheUS,JapanandtheUKbeforeshippingthemtoHongKongforassembly(组装).TheHendersonZahaHadidArchitects(ZHA)hasrevealedplanstoreplaceamulti-storycarparkinHongKong’scentralbusinessdistrictwithanew623-foottower.LikesomanyofZHA’svisionaryprojects,theofficetower,completedin2023,integratestechnologywithnaturalenvironments.Forinstance,thereisaskygardenwhichisanoutdoorrecreationalspacewitharunningtrackandaplantingnetworkthatactsasaneffectivebiologicalair-purifyingfilterbyconsumingpollutants.TwoInternationalFinanceCentreOnaclearday,youcanseestraightacrossHongKongfromtheofficesinTwoInternationalFinanceCenter(2IFC),completedin2003.DesignedbythelateCesarPelli,the1,352-foottowerwasthetallestinthecityuponitscompletion.Ittransformedtheskylinewhenitopenedwithitsbreathtakingheightandtapered(锥形的)shape,symbolizingHongKong’srise.BankofChinaTowerThe1,205-foottower,completedin1990,brokerecordsatthetimeandbecameaninstantlandmarkasthefirsttowerover985feetoutsideNorthAmerica.Avisionofurbanenergy,expansionandgeometry,theBankofChinaTower(BOCTower)wasdesignedtoresembleabambooshoot,symbolizingstrength,vitalityandChina’semergenceasasignificantplayerininternationalfinance.【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了香港的四座大楼的情况。4.WhatisspecialabouttheHSBCHeadquartersBuilding?A.Itwasdesignedbyseveralarchitectteams.B.Itwasfundedbycountriesacrosstheworld.C.Itsstylewasconsideredtobethemostcreative.D.Itsdesignwasawinningworkofacompetition.答案D解析细节理解题。根据HSBCHeadquartersBuilding部分中“In1979,theHongKongandShanghaiBankingCorporation(HSBC)launchedaninternationaldesigncompetitionforitsnewheadquarters.Foster+Partners,headedbyarchitectSirNormanFoster,wonthecompetitionwithanout-of-the-boxidea.”可知,汇丰总部大楼的特别之处在于它的设计是一项竞赛的获奖作品。5.Whichbuildingcombinestechnologywithnature?A.HSBCHeadquartersBuilding.B.TheHenderson.C.TwoInternationalFinanceCentre.D.BankofChinaTower.答案B解析细节理解题。根据TheHenderson部分中“LikesomanyofZHA’svisionaryprojects,theofficetower,completedin2023,integratestechnologywithnaturalenvironments.”可知,TheHenderson将技术与自然融合了。6.WhatdotheBOCTowerand2IFChaveincommon?A.Theyareknownforbeingeco-friendly.B.Theywerecompletedinthesamecentury.C.TheyusedtobethetallestinHongKong.D.Theyweredesignedbythesamearchitect.答案C解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“DesignedbythelateCesarPelli,the1,352-foottowerwasthetallestinthecityuponitscompletion.”以及最后一段中“The1,205-foottower,completedin1990,brokerecordsatthetimeandbecameaninstantlandmarkasthefirsttowerover985feetoutsideNorthAmerica.”可知,中银大厦和第二国际金融中心的共同之处是它们都曾经是香港最高的建筑。Passage3(2024浙江绍兴二模)主题:不同寻常的雕塑词数:342难度:★★☆☆☆Haveyouheardofthesefourmonuments?Carhenge.FloralisGenérica.TrafficLightTree.HandoftheDesert—thesearefourunusualmonumentsfromaroundtheworldyoumightliketovisit.•CarhengeCarhengeisinAlliance,Nebraska(USA).Asthenamesuggests,ithasalotincommonwithStonehenge,thefamousstonecircleonSalisburyPlain.ButwhileStonehengewasbuiltwithstones,Carhengewascreatedwithcars.Themonumentwasmadein1987byalocalartistJimReindersandhisfamily.Heusedoldcarsandevenanambulance.Atfirst,thepeopleofAlliancedidn’tlikeit,buttheysoonchangedtheirmindsafteritbecamepopularwithtourists,whobroughtlotsofmoneytothetown.•FloralisGenéricaFloralisGenéricaisamassivestatueofaflower.ItstandsinapoolofwaterinfrontoftheNationalMuseumofFineArtsinBuenosAires,Argentina.EduardoCatalano,anativeofArgentina,gavethestatueasagifttothecityin2002.Everymorning,thefloweropens.Askanyonewhohasseenitandthey’lltellyouthatwatchingitopenisanunforgettablesight.Infact,manypeoplebelieveitisoneofthemostbeautifulstatuesintheworld.•TrafficLightTreeTheTrafficLightTreeissituatedatHeronQuay,inoneofLondon’sfinancialdistricts.Thetreehas75setsoftrafficlights.ItwascreatedbyFrenchartist,PierreVivant,andwasinstalledin1998.Acomputercontrolsthelights,whichareturnedonandoffrandomly.TheroundaboutwherethetreeiswasvotedthemostpopularroundaboutintheUKinarecentsurvey.•ManodelDesierto(HandoftheDesert)TheHandoftheDesertisintheAtacamaDesertinChile.ThesculpturewasdesignedbytheChileansculptorMarioIrarrazabal.Fromadistance,itlooksasifthere’sagiantinthesandwhohasstuckhishandoutoftheground.Ifyou’relookingforsomethingnewtosee,youknowwheretogo!【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四座不同寻常的雕塑。7.WhydidthepeopleofAlliancechangetheirattitudetowardCarhenge?A.ItremindedthemofStonehenge.B.Itbroughtthemfinancialbenefits.C.Itaddedbeautytotheircommunity.D.Itdisplayedthecreativityofthedesigner.答案B解析细节理解题。由文章“•Carhenge”部分中“Atfirst,thepeopleofAlliancedidn’tlikeit,buttheysoonchangedtheirmindsafteritbecamepopularwithtourists,whobroughtlotsofmoneytothetown.”可知,人们改变了对巨车阵的态度是因为它给他们带来了经济利益。8.Whichofthefourmonumentswasdesignedbyaforeignartist?A.Carhenge.B.FloralisGenérica.C.TrafficLightTree.D.ManodelDesierto.答案C解析细节理解题。由文章“•TrafficLightTree”部分中“TheTrafficLightTreeissituatedatHeronQuay,inoneofLondon’sfinancialdistricts.Thetreehas75setsoftrafficlights.ItwascreatedbyFrenchartist,PierreVivant,andwasinstalledin1998.”可知,TrafficLightTree是由外国艺术家设计的。9.Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?A.Aguidebook.B.Anewsreport.C.Asciencemagazine.D.Anarchitectureadvertisement.答案A解析推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是由文章第一段“Carhenge.FloralisGenérica.TrafficLightTree.HandoftheDesert—thesearefourunusualmonumentsfromaroundtheworldyoumightliketovisit.”可知,文章介绍了世界各地四座不同寻常的雕塑;由此可推知,文章很可能来自一本旅游指南。文体分类练(二)记叙文Passage1(2024福建漳州三模)主题:学习素描词数:345难度:★★★☆☆Learninganythingcanbechallenging,especiallywhenitcomestofiguringouthowandwhattopractice.Repetitionisusuallyessential.Butyoudon’twantsomethingthattakesthejoyoutofyou.I’vebeenteachingmyselftodrawforafewyears.Ihadimprovedalotbutforalongwhilewasgoingnowhere.I’dtriedlotsofbooksandcourses,andfilledendlesspageswithboxes,parallellinesandfigures.Noneoftheseseemstobeworking.ButsomethingclickedwhenIstartedsketchbookingthisyear.Thesketchbooksledtoashiftinmindset.Ratherthantryingtopractise,Iwasengaginginapractice—scribbling(涂鸦).Thescribblesweren’tallgoodbuttheyhavebecomepartofawhole.I’vebeenabsorbedeversince.Iscribbledmybreakfast,thefruitintheoffice,andotherpeopleonthetrain.IspoketoDannyGregory,awriterwhoblogsandmakesvideosaboutsketchbooking,totrytofigureoutwhyIhadbecomesotakenbymynewpractice.“Wethinkthepracticeindrawingislikethatinpiano,whereyouhavetoplaythroughaseriesofmusicalnotesstepbystep,”Gregorysays.“Butwhatifyouthinkaboutpracticeinotherterms—likeayogapracticeormedicalpractice?Withthosekindsofpractices,you’velearnedsomestuff,right?Progresshappensnaturally.It’snotpreparatory.Sojustfollowtheprocessandtakepleasureinit.Thisiswhatmatters.”Ihavenowfilledtwosketchbooksjustwithportraits—morethan100scribbledoveracoupleofmonths.InthemIchallengedmyselftoincludepeopleoneverypage.Usedtodrawingghost-townversions,thefirstfewpageswereastruggle.ButIstartedvaryingmymorningcoffeeroutinetofindnewplaceswhereIcouldobservelife.Mylatestsketchbookwilltacklethechallengeofallmydrawings—hands.I’vealwayshadproblemsdrawinghands.It’searlydays,butI’mnotfearingitasIwouldhavebeforebecauseitisn’tjustpracticeanymore.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者学习素描的经历,以此来强调如何将生活与学习融为一体,以促进艺术学习的提升。1.Whatwasthechallengetheauthorfacedwhenlearningtodraw?A.Lackofinterestintraditionalpracticemethods.B.Littleprogressdespiteextensiveefforts.C.Difficultyinobtainingnecessaryresources.D.Inabilitytomasterspecificdrawingtechniques.答案B解析细节理解题。由第一段中“I’vebeenteachingmyselftodrawforafewyears.Ihadimprovedalotbutforalongwhilewasgoingnowhere.I’dtriedlotsofbooksandcourses,andfilledendlesspageswithboxes,parallellinesandfigures.Noneoftheseseemstobeworking.”可知,作者在学习绘画时面临的挑战是:尽管作者付出了巨大努力,但进展甚微。2.Whatdidtheauthorbenefitfromscribbling?A.Improvinghandcontrol.B.Enrichingcreativeexpression.C.Graspingwaystopaintdetails.D.Acceptingimperfectionsinart.答案D解析推理判断题。由第二段中“Thescribblesweren’tallgoodbuttheyhavebecomepartofawhole.I’vebeenabsorbedeversince.”可知,虽然这些涂鸦并不都是好的,但作者接受它们成为整体的一部分,由此可推知,作者从涂鸦中获得的益处是接受了艺术的不完美。3.AccordingtoGregory,whichattitudetowardpracticeshouldbeemphasized?A.Focusonspecificsisessential.B.Repetitionisafundamentalkey.C.Theemphasisliesinenjoyingtheprocess.D.Thehighlightisinwell-organizedexercises.答案C解析推理判断题。由第四段内容可知,对于练习,Gregory强调练习的重点在于享受过程。4.Whatmessagedoesthestoryconvey?A.Everybeginningisdifficult.B.Tailoredmethodsdriveprogress.C.Artisthelanguageofthesoul.D.Integratinglifeenhanceslearning.答案D解析推理判断题。通读全文可知,本文讲述了作者学习素描时,有一段时间进步缓慢,后来通过涂鸦的方式将绘画与生活结合,取得了一定进展,在作者看来,这种方式有助于提升学习效果,由此可推知,这个故事传达了“融入生活,促进学习”的思想。Passage2(2024湖北八市联考)主题:让老太太搭便车词数:357难度:★★★☆☆OnedayasIdrovetowardmyhome,Ipassedthelocalbusdepot.Ipulledupasagroupofpeoplecrossedtheroadinfrontofme.AsIwatched,Inoticedathin,shabbilydressedolderladystrugglingwithalargesuitcase.WitnessingthisladyandrememberingsimilarstrugglesIhadexperiencedinthepastwhentraveling,Ipulledupalongsideherandleanedovertocalloutthroughtheopenpassengerwindow,“I’mgoingrightintothetown,”Isaid.“Icandropyouoff.Thatsuitcaselooksawfullyheavy.”“Well,allright,”sheanswered.Whenwegotthere,shethankedme,“Well,Godblessyou,lady.Noonehaseverdonemeakindnesslikethatbefore.Ihopesomeonewilldoagoodturnforyouoneday.”Shortlyaftertheencounterwiththesuitcaselady,Idecidedtospendadayinthemountainsalone.Isetoffwithmydoginmypickup,whichwaselderlybutstillserviceable.Afterdrivingfornearlytwohours,Iheardasuddenloudnoiseandmytruckcametoafullstop.Ifounditsaxlewasbrokenandneededtobetowed.Inaremotearea,withnohopeoffindinganotherperson,IknewIwasinbigtrouble.Overandover,Iblamedmyownstupidityforbeinginadesertedareawithnopossiblechanceofhelp.Ihopedthatnowanderingbearwouldcometoinvestigate.Orahungrymountainlion—withbabies.Myimaginationranriot.Istartedtopanic.Thenfaintly,inthedistance,cametheroarofmotorbikes.Astheydrewnearer,Icouldseethattheywereagroupofmotorcycleriders.“Doyouneedhelp,ma’am?”Iheardaconcernedvoicesay.Therestishistory.Mypickup,mydogandIwerealltransportedbacktosafety.Ishallneverforgetthekindnessofthemotorcycleriderswhostopped.Somepeoplemaythinkitwasahappycoincidence,butpersonallyIliketosay,itwassomeonethatreallydidagoodturnforme,justasthesuitcaseladysaid.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者某天让一个拿着行李的老太太搭了便车,结果在那之后不久,自己的车在半路坏了,也遇到了好心人帮助,作者认为这是善有善报。5.Howdidtheauthorhelptheoldlady?A.Shegaveheralifttothetown.B.Shehelpedhercrosstheroad.C.Shecarriedthesuitcaseforher.D.Shetookhertoanearbyhotel.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,作者帮助老太太搭便车去镇上。6.Whathappenedtoherpickuponthewaytothemountains?A.Itranoutofgas.B.Itcrashedintoatree.C.Itbrokedownhalfway.D.Itwasattackedbyanimals.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段中“Afterdrivingfornearlytwohours,Iheardasuddenloudnoiseandmytruckcametoafullstop.Ifounditsaxlewasbrokenandneededtobetowed.”可知,作者的车在去山里的路上坏了。7.Whatwastheauthor’sreactiontotheincidentinparagraph3?A.Sheblameditontheoldroad.B.Shelosthertemperwiththedog.C.Shestayedcalmandaskedforhelp.D.Shefeltveryuneasyandfrightened.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段中“Overandover,Iblamedmyownstupidityforbeinginadesertedareawithnopossiblechanceofhelp.Ihopedthatnowanderingbearwouldcometoinvestigate.Orahungrymountainlion—withbabies.Myimaginationranriot.Istartedtopanic.”可知,作者对这次事件的反应是感到非常不安和害怕。8.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthestory?A.DoasYouWouldBeDonebyB.AFriendinNeedIsaFriendIndeedC.WhatGoesAround,ComesAroundD.GodHelpsThoseWhoHelpThemselves答案C解析主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了作者某天让一个拿着行李的老太太搭了便车,结果在那之后不久,自己的车在半路坏了,也遇到了好心人帮助,作者认为这是善有善报。由此可知,C选项“善有善报”最适合作文章标题。Passage3(2024安徽池州二模)主题:保护真菌词数:338难度:★★★☆☆In1999,GiulianaFurci,founderandfoundingdirectoroftheFungi(真菌)Foundation,developedadeepinterestinfungi.Theywereeverywhere,andthe20-year-oldtookparticularjoyinthevarietyofmushrooms:smallandbutton-shaped;tallandumbrella-like;roundwithredcapstoppedwithwhiteflakes.Somewerecommonlyfoundinpeople’sdiets,fortheywererichinnutrientssuchasvitamin,fiber,mineralsandprotein.ButFurcialsoquicklyrealizedthatthesefungiwentlargelyignoredinChile,wheretherewerefewguidebooksandanalmosttotallackofpoliciesandresourcestoprotectthemfromover-harvestingandotherhumanactivities.Determinedtocorrectthis,FurciwroteafieldguideandsetuptheFungiFoundation—anon-profitdedicatedtofungiconservation.Inherguide,specialattentionwenttotheroleoffungiintheecosystem.“Lifeontheplanetwouldn’texistwithoutfungi,”saidGregMueller,amushroomconservationexpert.“Becauseoftheirrelationshipwithforestsandtrees,wecan’tsurvivewithoutfungi.Intermsofthehealthoftheplanet,they’reincrediblyimportanttohumansandtheoverallecosystem.”Fungicanbreakdownplantsandanimals,thuscyclingnutrientsandincreasingtheiravailabilityinthesoil.Theyarealsoimportantcontributorstothesoilcarbonstockthroughthesameprocess.What’smore,fungihavebeenfoundtohelpdegrade(降解)variouspollutants,suchasplastic.Andmycelium(菌丝体),whichistherootstructureofmushrooms,isnowbeingusedtoreplaceunsustainablematerials,suchasplasticandanimal-basedproducts.Becauseofthese,explorationoffungiwasexpandedatafasterpace.However,somewerealreadylistedascriticallyendangered.In2010,Furcitookanevenbiggerstep—withotherenvironmentalnon-profits,sheputforwardaproposalforthegovernmenttosystematicallyassesshowlargenewdevelopmentssuchashousing,dams,andhighwaysaffectfungi.In2012,alawwaspassedandChilebecamethefirstcountryintheworldtoprotectfungibylaw.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Furci意识到真菌对地球上生命的重要性后通过写指南、成立基金会等方式来呼吁人们关注并保护真菌。她和其他环保组织的行为甚至促使智利通过了一项保护真菌的法律。9.WhatcanwelearnaboutFurcifromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Sheenjoyedcollectingmushrooms.B.Shewasfondofcookingmushrooms.C.Sheworriedaboutthesituationoffungi.D.Shehadahabitofwritingfieldguidebooks.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“ButFurcialsoquicklyrealizedthatthesefungiwentlargelyignoredinChile,wheretherewerefewguidebooksandanalmosttotallackofpoliciesandresourcestoprotectthemfromover-harvestingandotherhumanactivities.”可知,Furci担心真菌的现状。10.Whatisparagraph3ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Thelifeontheearthwithoutfungi.B.Theimportanceoffungiontheearth.C.Therelationsbetweentreesandfungi.D.Thepracticalusesoffungiinthefuture.答案B解析主旨大意题。根据本段第一句“‘Lifeontheplanetwouldn’texistwithoutfungi,’saidGregMueller,amushroomconservationexpert.”并结合本段其他内容可知,本段主要介绍了真菌对地球上生命的重要性。11.HowdidFurciprotecttheecosystem?A.Bywritingfreeinstructionsonplants.B.Bystartinganon-profitecotourismcompany.C.Byraisingawarenessoftheimportanceoffungi.D.Bypassinglawstobanover-harvestingmushrooms.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第二段中“Determinedtocorrectthis,FurciwroteafieldguideandsetuptheFungiFoundation—anon-profitdedicatedtofungiconservation.Inherguide,specialattentionwenttotheroleoffungiintheecosystem.”可知,为了保护真菌,Furci写了指南并成立了真菌基金会。由此推知,Furci通过提高人们对真菌重要性的认识来保护真菌。12.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesFurci’swork?A.Ground-breaking. B.Debatable.C.Romantic. D.Unmatched.答案A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In2010,Furcitookanevenbiggerstep—withotherenvironmentalnon-profits,sheputforwardaproposalforthegovernmenttosystematicallyassesshowlargenewdevelopmentssuchashousing,dams,andhighwaysaffectfungi.In2012,alawwaspassedandChilebecamethefirstcountryintheworldtoprotectfungibylaw.”可知,Furci和其他环保组织的行为甚至促使智利通过了一项保护真菌的法律。由此推知,Furci的工作是有开创性的。文体分类练(三)说明文之新发明/新产品类Passage1(2024宁夏银川二模)主题:发明创造词数:324难度:★★★☆☆3MandDiscoveryEducationannouncedSeanJiangfromGilmanSchoolasoneofthetoptenfinalistsfromacrossthenationforthe20233MYoungScientistChallenge.It’sacompetitionthatencouragesstudentstoidentifyaneverydayproblemandsubmitavideoshowingthesciencebehindthesolutionheorshecameupwith.14-year-oldJiangdecidedtohelpthosewhocan’tsee.Blindpeoplehadahardtimenavigating(导航)objectsthataremediumtofarrange.SoJiangwantedtodesignsomethingtogivethemaheads-uponobstaclesthatmaybeincoming.Jiang’sinspirationcamefromthepowersofthehearingsystem.“Ilearnedinschoolthatbatsandwhalesareabletouseecholocation(回声定位)tohelpthemnavigateandjustusetheirsenseofhearingandIalsosawonYouTubesomeveryskilledblindpeoplethatuseecholocationtohelpthemwalk,”saidJiang.Jiangstartedwithavirtualrealitysettingandthenmadeitareality.Hiscreationusesadepthcamerathatcandetecthowcloseobjectsare,thusgivingenoughtimetododgetheobstacles.Whenablindiswalkingwiththedevice,thesensorofthedepthcameragatherstheinformationregardingtheobstacles’positionanddistance.ThentheAIsysteminitwillturnthedistancedataintomusicalsoundguidance.Thiscouldsignificantlyincreasethewalkingspeedofablindpersonaswellasdecreasethenumberofobstaclestheyhit.Someothersimilarprogramswerealrightatfindingobjectsthatwereincloserange,butJiangstillwantedtheblindtoexperiencetheworldevenfullersotheywereabletoseestuffthatwasmuchfurtherawaythantheircircleofreach.InOctober,thetoptenfinalistswillcompeteinpersoninMinneapolisforthetitleof“America’sTopYoungScientist”anda$25,000prize.【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了一个青少年SeanJiang的发明创造,他发明的设备能用声音帮助盲人顺利行走。1.WhatcanwelearnaboutJiangfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasthechampionofthe20233Mevent.B.Heinventedtechnologytoremoveroadobstacles.C.Hesoughttoassisttheblindinwalkingsmoothly.D.Hedevelopedanewnavigationappforhisschool.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,Jiang设法帮助盲人顺利行走。2.WhydidJiangmention“echolocation”?A.Toshowthedevelopmentoftechnology.B.Topresentthedifficultiestheblindface.C.Tostressthesignificanceofhearing.D.Toexplaintheinspirationofhisinvention.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第三段可知,Jiang提到“回声定位”是为了解释他的发明灵感。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dodge”meaninparagraph4?A.Avoid. B.Encounter.C.Challenge. D.Remove.答案A解析词句猜测题。画线词下文“Whenablindiswalkingwiththedevice,thesensorofthedepthcameragatherstheinformationregardingtheobstacles’positionanddistance.ThentheAIsysteminitwillturnthedistancedataintomusicalsoundguidance.Thiscouldsignificantlyincreasethewalkingspeedofablindpersonaswellasdecreasethenumberofobstaclestheyhit.”说明该设备能够帮助盲人避开障碍物,从而推知画线词意思是“避开”。4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.3Mfacilitiesintendedfortheblind.B.Ateenusingsoundtohelptheblind.C.Aninventiontocurevisionproblems.D.Acompetitiontoimprovetheblind’slife.答案B解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了一个青少年SeanJiang的发明创造,他发明的设备能用声音帮助盲人顺利行走。Passage2(2024广东湛江二模)主题:机器人传感器词数:357难度:★★★☆☆ResearchershavedevelopedaroboticsensorthatcombinesartificialintelligencetechniquestoreadBraille(盲文)atspeedsroughlydoublethatofmosthumanreaders.Theresearchteam,fromtheUniversityofCambridge,usedmachinelearningalgorithms(算法)toteacharoboticsensortoquicklyslideoverlinesofBrailletext.Theroboticsensortheresearchersusedhasacamerainits“fingertip”,andreadsbyusingacombinationoftheinformationfromthecameraandthesensors.“Thisisahardproblemforroboticistsasthere’salotofimageprocessingthatneedstobedonetoremovemotionblur(模糊),whichistime-andenergy-consuming,”saidParthPotdarfromCambridge’sDepartmentofEngineering.“ThereareexistingroboticBraillereaders,buttheyonlyreadoneletteratatime,whichisnothowhumansread,”saidPotdar.“ExistingroboticBraillereadersworkinastaticway:Theytouchoneletterpattern,readit,pullupfromthesurface,moveover,lowerontothenextletterpattern,andsoon.Wewantsomethingthat’smorerealisticandfarmoreefficient.”Theteamdevelopedmachinelearningalgorithmssotheroboticreaderwouldbeableto“deblur”theimagesbeforethesensorattemptedtorecognisetheletters.TheytrainedthealgorithmsonasetofsharpimagesofBraillewithfakeblurapplied.Afterthealgorithmshadlearnedtodeblurtheletters,theyusedacomputervisionmodeltodetectandclassifyeachcharacter.Oncethealgorithmswereincorporated,theresearcherstestedtheirreaderbyslidingitquicklyalongrowsofBraillecharacters.TheroboticBraillereadercouldread315wordsperminutewith87%accuracy,whichistwiceasfastandaboutasaccurateashumanBraillereader.“Braillereadingspeedisagreatwaytomeasurethedynamicperformanceoftactile(能触知的)sensingsystems,soourfindingscouldbeapplicablebeyondBraille,forapplicationslikedetectingsurfacetexturesorslippageinroboticmanipulation,”saidPotdar.Inthefuture,theresearchersarehopingtoscalethetechnologytothesizeofahumanoidhand.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。剑桥大学的研究团队开发了一种机器人传感器,该传感器结合了人工智能技术,能以近似人类读者两倍的速度读取盲文。5.Whatisdifficultforroboticiststodealwithinthereadingprocess?A.Riddingofmotionblur.B.Teachingarobottolearn.C.Processingroboticsensors.D.Fixingacameraonthefingertip.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“‘Thisisahardproblemforroboticistsasthere’salotofimageprocessingthatneedstobedonetoremovemotionblur,whichistime-andenergy-consuming,’saidParthPotdarfromCambridge’sDepartmentofEngineering.”可知,机器人专家在阅读过程中很难消除动态模糊。6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“static”inparagraph3mean?A.Still. B.Fast.C.Clever. D.Lazy.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“‘ThereareexistingroboticBraillereaders,buttheyonlyreadoneletteratatime,whichisnothowhumansread,’saidPotdar.”以及画线词下文“Theytouchoneletterpattern,readit,pullupfromthesurface,moveover,lowerontothenextletterpattern,andsoon.”可知,现有的机器人盲文阅读器是以静态的方式工作的。7.WhatdidPotdarwanttoexpressinparagraph6?A.Thegoodperformanceoftherobotsensor.B.Thepromisingfutureoftheirresearchresults.C.Thefactorsinmakingthetactilesensingsystems.D.Thewaytoensuretheaccuracyofthetechnology.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第六段内容可知,他们的研究结果可以应用到其他方面。由此可推断,该研究结果是有前景的。8.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TechnologytobescaledtothesizeofahumanoidhandB.RobotstrainedtoreadBrailleattwicethespeedofhumansC.AgreatwaytomeasuretheperformanceofsensingsystemsD.MachinelearningalgorithmsexpectedtochangeBraillewriting答案B解析主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了剑桥大学研究团队开发的机器人传感器,该传感器结合了人工智能技术,能以近似人类读者两倍的速度读取盲文。B项“RobotstrainedtoreadBrailleattwicethespeedofhumans(机器人被训练以两倍于人类的速度阅读盲文)”最能概括本文主旨。Passage3(2024湖南张家界二模)主题:预测阅读困难的新工具词数:306难度:★★★☆☆Astudyexpandspositiveeviden