江苏专版2025版高考英语大二轮复习专题3阅读理解第二节推理判断题三写作意图题学案牛津译林版

PAGEPAGE1三、写作意图题(2024·天津，D)WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman？Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning，andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives，hedeterminestowriteabook.Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes，andthebookwasDonQuixote(《堂吉诃德》).Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion：whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays，whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?We’veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife’shalfwaymark.I’mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan’tallgetthere.I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.Mostofus，infact，progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But，ifwearewillingtolearn，theopportunitiesareeverywhere.Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecan’tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease，somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus—anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm，wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.However，wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos(自我)，whethertolovedones，tofellowhumans，towork，ortosomemoralconcept.Manyofusequate(视……等同于)“commitment”withsuch“caring”occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellence—whethertheyaredrivingatruck，orrunningastore—maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.They’velearnedlife’smostvaluablelesson.语篇解读本文从西班牙文学巨匠塞万提斯讲起，告知我们不论身处哪个年龄阶段，只要有目标，并且情愿学习，就可能取得胜利。51.ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat.A.lossoffreedomstimulatesone’screativityB.ageisnotabarriertoachievingone’sgoalC.miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfateD.disabilitycannotstopaman’spursuitofsuccess答案B解析推理推断题。依据第一、二段内容可知，塞万提斯成年后生活坎坷，但他决心写一本书，结果这本书畅销了350多年，有些人直到生命的最终时刻都在发觉新的活力和创意。由此可推知，作者以塞万提斯的故事开头是为了告知我们年龄不是实现目标的障碍。52.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean?A.Endone’sstruggleforliberty.B.Wasteone’senergytakingrisks.C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.答案D解析词义揣测题。依据语境并结合画线短语所在句可知，人们在还没到达人生的终点之前就失去了接着学习的爱好。故选D项。53.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4?A.Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.B.Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.C.Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.D.Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.答案C解析推理推断题。通读第四段可知，该段是说我们中大多数人总是削减自己生活的多样性，困在自己的专业领域，没有什么能给我们带来惊喜，但是只要我们情愿学，到处都是机会。据此可推知，机会青睐有求知欲的人。54.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5?A.Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.B.Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity.C.Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.D.Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife.答案D解析推理推断题。通读第五段可知，该段说到我们成熟之后学会忍受自己变更不了的事，学会避开自我哀怜；知道有些人是我们无论怎么做都讨好不了的，而这种想法最初会困扰我们，但最终我们会感到释然。由此可知，作者在第五段想告知我们应当学会用合适的方式对待生活，因此选D。55.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.B.Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.C.Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.D.Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.答案A解析写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文通过塞万提斯的经验告知我们要让自己成年的生活充溢意义。一、题型解读各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作意图/目的题。设问形式常有：1.整篇文章的写作意图/目的：(1)Theauthorwritesthispassageinorderto.(2)Theauthorofthepassageaimsto.(3)Thepurposeofthepassageisto.(4)Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?(5)Whatistheauthor’sintentionofwritingthispassage?(6)Theauthorofthestorywantstotellusthat.2.某处细微环节的写作意图/目的：(1)Thefirstparagraphto.(2)Theauthorusestheexampleof...to.(3)Theauthorwritesthelastparagraphinorderto.(4)Whefirstparagraph?二、解题技巧1.文体特点推意图(1)记叙文：一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性的语言，且往往有肯定的哲理性，全部的叙述都是围绕该哲理绽开。(2)广告类应用文：文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍，运用具有明显支持倾向的语言。(3)说明文：写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握，阅读时须要找准主题句。(4)争论文：提出论点——进行论证——得出结论，作者的意图往往隐含于最终一部分中。2.看写作手法找答案(1)在文章开头提出问题或介绍与主题有关的其他事物时答案中往往会含有tobringin/tointroducethetopic等字眼。(2)举例或引用某人的话时答案中往往会含有tosupport/toshow等字眼。例如：【真题感悟】中的第55题，文章为争论文，文章先提出论点，再进行论证，最终得出结论：我们要让自己的成年生活充溢意义。A(2024·南徐盐常四市联考)Someofthegreatestmomentsinhumanhistorywerefuelledbyemotionalintelligence.WhenMartinLutherKing，Jr.presentedhisdream，hechoselanguagethatwouldstirtheheartsofhisaudience.Deliveringthiselectrifying(令人激烈的)messagerequiredemotionalintelligence—theabilitytorecognize，understand，andmanageemotions.Emotionalintelligencehasbeenhighlyrecommendedbyleaders，policymakers，andeducatorsasthesolutiontoawiderangeofsocialproblems.Ifwecanteachourchildrentomanageemotions，theargumentgoes，we’llhavelessbullyingandmorecooperation.Ifwecancultivateemotionalintelligenceamongleadersanddoctors，we’llhavemorecaringworkplacesandmorecompassionatehealthcare.Emotionalintelligenceisimportant，buttheuncontrolledenthusiasmhasobscured(掩盖)adarkside.Newevidenceshowsthatwhenpeoplesharpentheiremotionalskills，theybecomebetteratmanipulating(限制)others.Whenyou’regoodatcontrollingyourownemotions，youcanhideyourtruefeelings.Whenyouknowwhatothersarefeeling，youcan1motivatethemtoactagainsttheirownbestinterests.Socialscientistshavebeguntodocumentthisdarksideofemotionalintelligence.11InaresearchledbyUniversityofprofessorJochenMenges，whenaleadergaveaninspiringspeechfilledwithemotion，theaudiencewaslesslikelytoscrutinize(细致审查)themessageandrememberedofthecontent.Ironicallyaudiencemembersweresomovedbythespeechthattheyclaimedtorecallmoreofit.Theauthorscallthistheawestruckeffect，butitmightjustaseasilybedescribedasthedumbstruckeffect.OneobserverreflectedthatHitler’spersuasive6impactcamefromhisabilitytostrategicallyexpressemotions—hewould“tearopenhisheart”—andtheseemotionsaffectedhisfollowerstothepointthattheywould“stopthinking2criticallyandjustemote”.Leaderswho7masteremotionscanrobusofourcapacitiestoreason.Iftheirvaluesareoutofstepwithourown，theresultscanbedestructive.Newevidencesuggeststhatwhenpeoplehaveself-servingmotives(动机)，emotionalintelligencebecomesaweaponformanipulatingothers.InastudyledbytheUniversityofTorontopsychologistStephaneCote，universityemployeesfilledoutasurveyabouttheirMachiavellian(不择手段的)tendencies，andtookatestmeasuringtheirknowledgeabouteffectivestrategiesformanagingemotions.Then，Cote’steamassessedhowoftentheemployeesdeliberatelyundermined(渐渐减弱)theircolleagues.Theemployees9involvedinthemostharmfulbehaviorswereMachiavellianswithhighemotionalintelligence.Theyusedtheiremotionalskillstolowerthedignityoftheirpeersforpersonalgain.ShiningalightonthisdarksideofemotionalintelligenceisonemissionofaresearchteamledbyUniversityCollegeLondonprofessorMartinKilduff.Accordingtotheseexperts，emotionalintelligencehelpspeopledisguise(伪装)onesetofemotionswhileexpressinganotherforpersonalgain.ProfessorKilduff’steamwrites，“Thestrategicdisguiseofone’sownemotionsandthemanipulationofothers’emotionsforstrategicendsarebehaviorsevidentnotonlyonShakespeare’sstagebutalsointheofficesandcorridorswherepowerandinfluencearetraded.”Ofcourse，peoplearen’talwaysusingemotionalintelligencefornefariousends.Moreoftenthannot，emotionalskillsaresimplyinstrumentaltoolsforgoalaccomplishment.AresearchteamdiscoveredthatfounderAnitaRoddickusedemotionalintelligencetoinspireheremployeesfundraiseforcharity.AsRoddickexplained，“Wheneverwewantedtopersuadeourstafftosupportaparticularprojectwealwaystriedtobreaktheirhearts.”Thereisgrowingrecognitionthatemotionalintelligence—likeanyskill—canbeusedforgoodorevil.Soifwe’regoingtoteachemotionalintelligenceinschoolsanddevelopitatwork，weneedtoconsiderthevaluesthatgoalongwithitandwhereit’sactuallyuseful.eq\x(语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了情商的黑暗面及其运用和影响。)1.WhydoestheauthormentionMartinLutherKing，Jr.?A.Tohonorthegreatleaderforhiscourage.B.Torecommendhisspeechtootherleaders.C.Toimpressthereaderswithamajortopic.D.Toadvocateasocietywithfewerproblems.答案C解析写作意图题。依据第一段中的“Someofthegreatestmomentsinhumanhistorywerefuelledbyemotionalintelligence.”可知，人类历史上一些最宏大的时刻是由情商推动的，紧接着作者提到马丁·路德·金就是为了给读者留下深刻的印象，故C项正确。2.Whichofthefollowingbelongstoadarksideofemotionalintelligence?A.Developingthecapabilitytocontrolone’sownemotion.B.Inducingpeopletodowhatbringsdisadvantagestothem.C.Appealingtotheaudiencetoconcentrateandremembermore.D.Encouragingthemovedaudiencetorecallmoreofthespeech.答案B解析细微环节理解题。依据第三段第一句及最终一句可知，情商重要，但失控的热忱掩盖了它的黑暗面，当你知道别人的感受时，你可以激励他们违反自己的最佳利益，由此可知，诱导人们做对他们不利的事情属于情商的黑暗面之一，故B项正确。3.WhatisthedumbstruckeffectofHitler’semotionalintelligence?A.Hisfollowerswouldtearopentheirheartstohim.B.Hisfollowerswouldexpressemotionsstrategically.C.Hisfollowerswouldlosetheabilitytoreasonproperly.D.Hisfollowerswoulddeveloptheself-servingmotives.答案C解析细微环节理解题。依据第五段其次句可知，希特勒之所以极具劝服力，是因为他有实力战略性地表达自己的心情，这些心情会影响到他的追随者，让他们不再批判性地思索，而只是发泄心情，由此可知，希特勒情商的惊人影响是使他的追随者失去了正确推理的实力，故C项正确。4.Howdopeopleusetheiremotionalintelligenceforpersonalgain?A.Theydisguisetheiremotionstoearnothers’trust.B.Theyhelptheircolleaguestobuildupconfidence.C.Theypresenttheirstrategicbehaviorsonthestage.D.Theylowertheirowndignitytogainpopularity.答案A解析细微环节理解题。依据第七段中的“emotionalintelligencehelpspeopledisguise(伪装)onesetofemotionswhileexpressinganotherforpersonalgain”及“Thestrategicdisguiseofone’sownemotionsandthemanipulationofothers’emotionsforstrategicendsarebehaviorsevident”可知，人们通过掩饰自己的心情赢得别人的信任来获得个人利益，故A项正确。5.Whichmaymeanthesameastheunderlinedword“nefarious”inParagraph8?A.Immoral. B.Unimportant.C.Illegal. D.Uncontrollable.答案A解析词义揣测题。依据画线词所在句及其后一句可知，人们并不总是利用情商来达到邪恶的目的，通常情感技巧只是实现目标的工具，由此可知画线词词义为“邪恶的，不道德的”，故A项正确。6.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheBenefitsofEmotionalIntelligenceB.TheWaysofDisguisingOne’sEmotionsC.TheReasonsforUsingEmotionalSkillsD.TheDarkSideofEmotionalIntelligence答案D解析标题归纳题。通读全文，特殊是第三段中的“Emotionalintelligenceisimportant，buttheuncontrolledenthusiasmhasobscured(掩盖)adarkside.”可知，情商当然重要，但失控的热忱掩盖了它的黑暗面，本文主要介绍的就是情商的黑暗面，故D项正确。B(2024·南京金陵中学、海安中学、外国语学校四模)“Beafraid.Beveryafraid，”saysa10characterinTheFly，ahorrorfilmaboutamanwhoturnsintoanenormousinsect.It3capturestheuneaseanddisgustpeopleoftenfeelforthekingdomofcockroaches，Zika-carryingmosquitoesandcreepycrawliesofallkinds.However，ecologistsincreasinglyseetheinsectworldassomethingtobefrightenedfor，notfrightenedof.Inthepasttwoyears，scoresofscientificstudieshavesuggestedthattrillionsofmurmuring，droning，honeybees，butterfliesandbeetlesaredyingoff.“Ifallmankindweretodisappear”，wroteE.O.Wilson，a4respectableentomologist，“theworldwouldregenerate...Ifinsectsweretovanish，theenvironmentwouldcollapseintochaos.”Mostofthestudiesdescribedeclinesof50%andmoreoverdecadesindifferentmeasuresofinsecthealth.Theimmediate5reactionisshock.Insectsenableplantstoreproduce，throughpollination(授粉)，andarefoodforotheranimals，soacollapseintheirnumberswouldbecatastrophic.Butasecondlook8leadstoadifferentassessment.Ratherthancausingapanic，thestudiesshouldactasatimelywarningandareasontotakeprecautions.Thatisbecausetheworstfearisunproven.Therearenostudiesatallofwildinsectnumbersinmostoftheworld.Reliabledataaretooscarcetodeclareaglobalemergency.Moreover，wheretheevidencedoesshowacollapse—inEuropeandAmerica—agriculturalandruralecosystemsareholdingup.Farmproductionstillremainshigh.Assomeinsectspeciesdieout，othersseemtobemovingintotheniches(生态位)theyhaveleft，keepingecosystemsgoing，althoughwithlessbiodiversitythanbefore.Itishardtoarguethatinsectdeclineisyetcausingsignificanteconomicdamage.Buttherearecomplications.Agriculturalproductivityisnottheonlymeasureofenvironmentalhealth.Animalshavevalue，independentofanydirecteconomiccontributiontheymaymake.Themorespeciesmakeupanecosystem，themorestableitislikelytobe.Theextinctionofafewinsectspeciesamongsomanymightnotmakeabigdifference.Thelossofhundredsofthousandswould.Andthescaleoftheobserveddeclineraisesdoubtsabouthowlongecosystemscanremainresilient(能复原的).Anexperimentinwhichresearchersgraduallypulledoutinsectpollinatorsfromfieldsfoundthatplantdiversityheldupwelluntilabout90%ofinsectshadbeenremoved.Thenitcollapsed.12Giventhelackofdata，itisimpossibletoknowhowcloseEuropeandAmericaaretoanecosystemcollapse.Butitwouldberecklesstofindoutbyactuallytriggeringone.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章说明白昆虫危机还没有燃眉之急，但是须要实行预防措施。否则后果不行思议。7.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthefirstparagraphimply?A.Ecologistshavelongbeenafraidofthosedisgustinginsects.B.Ecologistsareworriedaboutthedisappearanceofsomeinsects.C.Ecologistshavealreadygotridoftheprejudicedfeelingaboutinsects.D.Ecologistsarerespectfuloftheinsect’sabilitytoregeneratethemselves.答案B8.Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthestudiesconductedinthepasttwoyears?A.Thoughthereisadeclineinthenumberofinsects，westillhavethereasontobeoptimistic.B.Biodiversitycancauseimmediatedamagesothatweshouldtakeprecautionsrightaway.C.Datacollectedfromallovertheworldisconvincingtoproveourenvironmentisatrisk.D.Theconsequenceofdecreasingbiodiversitymaybemoreseriousthanwecanimagine.答案D解析推理推断题。依据第三段第三、四句“Thatisbecausetheworstfearisunproven.Therearenostudiesatallofwildinsectnumbersinmostoftheworld.”可知，生物多样性削减的后果可能比我们想象的更为严峻。故D选项正确。9.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toshowthemagicalpowerofourmothernature.B.Toanalyzewhyinsectsareontheedgeofextinction.C.Todrawpeople’sattentiontothedecreasinginsects.D.Tourgethescientiststocollectmoredataaboutinsects.答案C解析写作意图题。通读全文可知，短文说明白昆虫危机还没有燃眉之急，但是须要预防措施。昆虫是生态系统健康的指标。它们的衰落是一个警告，提示我们要留意这一点，否则一切都太晚了。所以写这篇文章的目的是引起人们对正在削减的昆虫的留意。故C选项正确。Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并依据句意揣测画线部分的意思1.Researchershaveidentifiedseveralfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolvedinvoluntarywork.激励2.Thishasgivenhimadispositiontoconsiderourtraditionscritically.批判地3.Therobberywascapturedonpolicevideocameras.记录下，捕获4.Hewasnowateacherandarespectablememberofthecommunity.受人敬重的5.Ourinstinctivereactionwhensomeonecausesuspainistostrikeback.反应(二)同义词语替换6.FrenchhadamajorimpactontheEnglishlanguage.influence7.Shestruggledtomasterherfearofheight.control8.Goodhabitsalwaysleadtohighefficiency，whilebadonesbringtheopposite.cause/resultin/bringin(三)一词多义9.involvevt.包含；须要；涉及；影响；使参与(1)Ifyourgoalinvolvesotherpeople，putyourselfintheirpositions.影响(2)Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.使参与(3)Acrosstalkperformanceinvolvestalking，imitating，singingandtellingjokes.包括10.charactern.性格，特性；特征；品性，人格；人物；角色；符号；文字(1)Ididn’tknowRonhadthatmuchstrengthofcharacter.特性(2)MichaelFishismyfavourite.He’sahoot，arealcharacter.人物(3)Schoolswerecreatedtoteachreading，mathsandmoralcharacter.人格(4)ThefilmisautobiographicalandthecentralcharacterisplayedbyCollardhimself.角色(5)Acharacterisaletter，number，orothersymbolthatiswrittenorprinted.文字；符号Ⅱ.长难句理解11.InaresearchledbyUniversityofprofessorJochenMenges，whenaleadergaveaninspiringspeechfilledwithemotion，theaudiencewaslesslikelytoscrutinizethemessageandrememberedofthecontent.[句式分析]本句是一个复合句，主句是theaudiencewaslesslikelytoscrutinizethemessageandrememberedofthecontent；InaresearchledbyUniversityofprofessorJochenMenges是地点状语；其中ledbyUniversityofprofessorJochenMenges是过去分词短语作定语；whenaleadergaveaninspiringspeechfilledwithemotion是when引导的时间状语从句。[精致译文]在一个由高校教授JochenMenges主持的探讨中(发觉)，当一个领导人做充溢激情的演讲时，听众不太可能细致审查内容细微环节并记住演讲内容。12.Giventhelackofdata，itisimpossibletoknowhowcloseEuropeandAmericaaretoanecosystemcollapse.[句式分析]本句是一个复合句，主句是itisimpossibletoknowhowclose...；其中how引导一个宾语从句；Giventhelackofdata是介词短语作状语，译为“考虑到数据的缺乏”。[精致译文]考虑到数据的缺乏，不行能知道欧洲和美洲生态系统的崩溃是何等的相近。强化练(二十一)Ⅰ.单项填空1.Consideredtobealessdangeroustotobacco，“e-cigs”aretakingovertheWestasmoreandmorepeopleswitchoverwhentryingtokickthehabit.(2024·苏州八校高三联考)A.adjustment B.alternativeC.advertisement D.amusement答案B解析adjustment调整，适应；alternative替代物，可供选择的事物；advertisement广告；2.—Whatwaswrong？Whydidn’tyougotothepicnicasscheduled?—I’msorry.Iaseriously-injuredoldmantothehospital.(2024·南京六校联合体高三月考)A.woulddeliver B.deliveredC.haddelivered D.wasdelivering答案D解析考查时态。句意为：——出什么事了？你为什么没有按安排去野餐？——我很愧疚。我正在把一个严峻受伤的老人送到医院。结合句意可知此处是表示在过去某一段时间内正在做某事，所以用过去进行时态，故选D。3.MoreandmoreproductsoftheearlyInternetarecomingtoanend.ThesameistrueinChina，too，whereTencentsaysit’llWebQQonJan.1,2024.A.shutdown B.improveonC.putforth D.setoff答案A解析句意为：越来越多的早期互联网产品即将走到终点。在中国也是如此，腾讯表示它将在2024年1月1日关闭WebQQ。shutdown关闭，停止运转，符合语境。improveon改进；putforth提出；setoff动身，引发。4.EveryoneinthetouristindustryhasmadethepointthatGovernmentassistanceishelpful，whattheyactuallyneedmostisforthevisitorsthemselvestoreturn.A.asB.whenC.whileD.since答案C解析句意为：从事旅游业的每个人都强调了这一点，尽管政府的救济的确有帮助，但是他们真正须要的是让游客自己回来。while引导让步状语从句时，相当于though和although，表示“尽管”，故选C。5.Jennyisnotinthewaytotreatherstudents.Sometimessheistootoughonthem，andsometimesshejustallowsthemeverything.(2024·海安县高三期末)A.consistent B.conventionalC.considerate D.controversial答案A解析考查形容词词义辨析。consistent始终如一的，一样的；conventional惯例的；considerate爱护的；controversial有争议的。句意为：珍妮对待学生的方式不一样，有时她对他们太严厉了，有时又放任他们。故A项正确。6.Thecollegeannouncedthestudentsexchangeprogram，mostofstudentshavingsubmittedtheirapplicationforms.(2024·江苏江都、华罗庚等中学联考)A.them B.whichC.whose D.its答案D解析考查独立主格结构。句意为：学院宣布了交换生安排，大部分学生已经提交了申请表。由于空格后面用了独立主格结构，此处应当用形容词物主代词，it指代Thecollege，故D项正确。7.Nextdoortoours，whoseemtohavesettledinthiscommunityforquitealongtime.A.arelivingablackcoupleB.liveablackcoupleC.areablackcouplelivingD.doablackcouplelive答案B解析考查倒装句。Nextdoortoours是地点状语，置于句首时句子要全部倒装，即主谓倒装。句意为：我们隔壁住着一对黑人夫妇，他们好像已经在这个社区定居很久了。依据句意可知时态为一般现在时，故选B。8.Allrightsreserved.Thecontentaboveshallnotbereprintedwithoutpermission，thanks.A.arbitrarily B.barelyC.offensively D.optionally答案A解析考查副词辨析。句意为：版权全部，以上内容未经允许不准随意重印，感谢。arbitrarily随意地，武断地；barely牵强，几乎不；offensively冒犯地，厌烦地；optionally有选择地。故选A。9.Ifyouwanttoimproveyourfigureandhealth，themosteffectivethingtodoistoshowupatthegymeverytimeyoubethere.A.can B.willC.may D.shall答案A解析考查情态动词。句意为：假如你想改善你的身材和健康，要做的最有效的事情是每一次你能去健身房的时候就肯定出现在那里。本题can表示实力。10.—MustIstayathomereviewinglessonsevenatweekends?—Lasttimeyoudidpasstheexamunexpectedly，butdon’tthistimebecauseitismuchmoredifficult.A.pullyourweight B.sealyourfateC.pushyourluck D.breakyourback答案C解析句意为：——周末我必需待在家里复习功课吗？——上次你出人意料地通过了考试，但是这次不要碰运气了，因为考试会难得多。pullyourweight尽最大努力；sealyourfate确定你的命运；pushyourluck再次冒险，接着碰运气；breakyourback舍命工作。依据语境可知，答话者认为对方上次通过考试是靠运气，所以在提示对方要仔细复习而不能再凭运气，故选C项。Ⅱ.阅读理解AElNiño，aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild，”wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern，whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears，reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNiñoseeswarmwater，collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific，flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken，orsometimestheotherwayround.Theweathereffects，bothgoodandbad，arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiños，onbalance，thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNiñoin1997-98helpedAmerica’seconomygrowby$15billion，partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests：farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought(干旱)insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNiñomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia，theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNiño，in1997-98，killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNiñoscomewithmonthsofwarning，andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI)，however，just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance，ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基础设施)canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors，civilconflictisrelatedtoElNiño’sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry，thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal，helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNiño，reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.语篇解读本文是一篇科普说明文。主要介绍的是厄尔尼诺现象名字的得来、影响、危害等相关状况，希望人们对厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好充分的打算，以削减损失。11.WhatmayElNiñosbringabouttothecountriesaffected?A.Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.B.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.C.Richcountries’gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.D.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.答案C解析细微环节理解题。依据其次段其次句“RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiños，onbalance，thantheylose.”可知，富有国家因厄尔尼诺得到的东西要比它们失去的多。12.ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat.A.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreductionB.governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidC.victimsofElNiñodeservemorecompensationD.recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst答案A解析推理推断题。依据第四段倒数其次句中的“...however，just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance...”可知以往政府对削减风险的投入太少，应当加大投资以降低厄尔尼诺现象造成的损失。13.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.TointroduceElNiñoanditsorigin.B.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNiño.C.ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNiño.D.TourgepeopletoprepareforElNiño.答案D解析写作意图题。依据文章内容，特殊是最终一段中的“helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetherisk...”可推断出，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们为厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好打算。BProfessionalcourses，suchasMastersinInternationalBusinessorMIB，havebeentakenbymanystudentsinthelasttwodecades.Theyarechoosingnew-agenon-conventionalcoursesthatguaranteeabetterfuture.MIBisaspecializedcoursethatteachestheinternationalbusiness.TherearevalidreasonsforsomuchpopularityofMIBcourse.ThecoursecontentandteachingmethodsofMIBarequitedifferentfromanormalMBAorMasterofBusinessAdministration.Ithasbeendesignedwiththesoleobjectiveofdevelopingprofessionalswithanin-depthunderstandingandknowledgeoftheinternationaltrade.ThecourseoffersvariousadvantagesovertheconventionalMBAdegreecourse.Themassiveincreaseintheinternationalbusinessandforeigntradegivesexcellentjobprospects(前景)tothenewgeneration.AcquiringadegreeofMIBoffersoutstandinggrowthofjobopportunities.ThosewhowanttopursueinthefieldofmarketingalsohaveagoodfutureaftercompletingthedegreefromareputedMIBcollege.BigmultinationalorganizationslookfortalentedpeoplewhocanhandlethejobprofileofInternationalMarketingManage，andpeoplewithMIBdegreesarepreferred.Theprofileneedsanin-depthunderstandingoftheoverseasmarkets，becauseitisthestrategicpostfromtheperspectiveofcompany’sinternationalbusinessgrowth.SincebusinessfinanceandeconomicsarecoveredatlengthinthecurriculumofMIB，studentshavegreatjoboffersinthefieldoffinanceaswell.Typically，organizationsoffertheprofileofinternationalfinancecontrollerstothosewhocompleteMIBwiththespecializationoffinance.Thespecializationcoversaspectsofinternationaltaxes，accounts，budgetingandsoon.Peopleinthisfieldarewell-paid，andgrowthprospectsareunlimited.AftercompletingdegreecoursefromareputedMIBcollege，thereisagoodscopeinthebankingandfinancesectoraswell.Internationalbanksappointpeoplewhohaveanexcellentgraspovertheinternationalbankingpolicies，currencyexchange，andinternationalpolicies.Thus，MIBisthegoldenkeytosuccesswithbrilliantjobopportunitiesinnationalandmultinationalsectors.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。现在MIB国际工商硕士课程越来越受欢迎，文章对其受欢迎的详细缘由进行了分析。14.Thesecondparagraphismainlydevelopedby.A.analyzingcauses B.listingfiguresC.makingcomparisons D.provingdefinition答案C解析推理推断题。依据文章其次段第一句和最终一句可知，本段主要是通过对比MIB和MBA课程之间的区分来组织写作的。15.MoreandmorepeopleintendtoacquireadegreeofMIBbecause.A.itisacompulsorycourseinthecollegesB.itoffersthemconventionaleconomicknowledgeC.itoffersthemopportunitiestodosmallbusinessD.ithelpsthemgetgoodjobsinsomeorganizations答案D解析推理推断题。依据文章第三段第四句可知，许多大型国际组织更喜爱聘用有MIB学位的人才，这才是越来越多的人学习MIB课程的主要缘由。16.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Theinternationalfinancecontrollerisahigh-qualityjob.B.Peoplegethighersalaryinbusinessfieldthaninfinancefield.C.MIBholdersaremorepromisinginallcareersthanothers.D.InternationalbanksonlyacceptemployeesfromMIBcolleges.答案A17.What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassage?A.TomakeanadvertisementfortheMIBcourse.B.ToanalyzethedisadvantagesoftheMIBcourse.C.ToexplainwhytheMIBcourseisgettingpopular.D.TopredictthedevelopmenttrendoftheMIBcourse.答案C解析写作意图题。依据文章第一段可知，现在MIB课程越来越受欢迎，本段最终一句“TherearevalidreasonsforsomuchpopularityofMIBcourse.”提出这一课程受欢迎有许多缘由，文章接下来的三段主要说明详细的缘由。Ⅲ.完形填空Youneverknowhowfarakindactcango.Youdon’tknowwhoitcan18either.WhenGloriaPorterandJeffReickbegan19，theyhadnoideahowmuchitwouldencourageothersto20peoplewithkindness.89-year-oldGloriaPorterwaslyinginhospital.Shecouldn’tleaveherward.Sotoescapefrom21，shewouldoftenstareoutsideherwindowtowatchconstructionworkers22thenewfrontentrancetothehospital.Shewasn’texpectingoneoftheironworkerstowavetoher.Shecouldn’thelpbutwavebackatthekind23.Thiswasonlythestartofaspecial24betweenthetwo.JeffReickknewPorterwas25，sohedecidedtosendakind26toherbyfindingsomechalkandwriting“GetWell”ononeofthebeams(梁)facingher27.“Ijustthoughtthatwas28，”Portersaid.“SoIshoulddosomethingto29that.”WhenPortersawconstructionworkersworkinghighabovethegroundonecold，windyday，shegrew30.Shewrote“StaySafe”onap