高中英语：阅读理解

阅读理解“写作手法”题

1.（2020年浙江卷C篇）29题

2.（2016年四川卷D篇）35题

【解题实用技法】

一、设问方式

l.Howisthepassageorganized?

2.Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby.

二、实用妙招

高考阅读理解主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中“引用”和“例证”是

议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一,其共同FI的就是增强说服力，服务于段落或篇章的主旨。

1.根据文章颖材来判断。

①记叙文多采取以时间为序、以空间为序、以故事情节发展为序等叙事方式进行写作。

②说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比等方式使说明更清晰或更具说服力。

③议论文大多通过举例子、列数字、引名言、作对比是使得观点更可信，更有权威性。

2.根据“原文定位”来判断。

先根据题干判断是具体某段还是全文写作手法，然后寻找标志词，进而找到答案。

①bygivingexamples通过举例。标志词:forexample,forinstance

②byanalyzingcauses通过分析原因。标志词：asaresult/consequence

③bygivingdefiniiions通过下定义。标，志词：【haiisiosay

④bylistingdata/statistics通过列数字。标志词：具体数字

@bydescribingaprocess通过描述过程。标志词：first,second,third,finally

⑥byfollowingtimeorder遵循时间顺序。标志词：in1920,inthe1940s,nowadays

⑦bymakingcomparisons/contrast通过对比。标志词：but,while,

⑧bymakingclassifications通过分类。标志词：first,next,then

⑨byanalyzingcauseandelTec【通过分析因果。标志词：Thalisbecause-.

⑩byfollowingspaceorder■遵循空间顺序。标志词:由近及远,由外到内

【高考真题再练】

L（2020年浙汀卷C篇）29题

Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyour

brainslaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.

ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowere

overage75andassessedthevolunteers'memoryandthinkingskillstliroughabatteryoftests.Then,foreightyears,

thescientistsasked（hesamegroupiocomebackto（helabeveryi8monthstolakethesamesortsoftests.

Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating（刺激）,demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthe

tests.Andtheytendedtolosecognitive（认知）functionatamuchslowerratethanthosewiththeleastmentally

challengingjobs.Theresultsheldtaicevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants'overallhealthstatus.

“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,''saysFranciscaThen,wholedthestudy.44Afteralongrun,youmay

feellikeyou'reinpain,youmayfeeltired.Butitmakesyoufit.Afteralongdayatwork-sure,youwillfeeltired,but

itcanhelpyourbrainstayhealthy."

It'snotjustcorporatejobs,orevenpaidworkthatcanhelpkeepyourbrainfit.Thenpointsout.Awaiter'sjob,

forexample,thatrequiresmultitasking,teamworkanddecision-makingcouldbejustasstimulatingasany

high-levelofficework.And“runningafamilyhouseholdrequireshigh-levelplanningandcoordinating（协调）,“she

says."Youhavetoorganizetheactivitiesofthechildrenandtakecareofthebillsandgroceries.

Ofcourse,ourbrainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofrcasons-includingotherenvironmentalinfluences

orgeneticfactors.Still,continuingiochallengeyourselfmentallyandkeepingyourmindbusycanonlyhelp.

28.Whydidthescientistsaskthevolunteerstolakethetests?

A.Toassesstheirhealthstatus.B.Toevaluatetheirworkhabits.

C.lbanalyzetheirpersonality.D.Tomeasuretheirmentalability.

29.HowdoesFranciscaThenexplainherfindingsinparagraph4?

A.Byusinganexpert'swords.B.Bymakingacomparison.

C.Byreferringtoanotherstudy.D.Byintroducingaconcept.

30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.RetiredWorkersCanPickUpNewSkills

B.OldPeopleShouldTakeChallengingJobs

C.YoiirToughJobMightHelpKeepYouSharp

D.CognitiveFunctionMayDeclineAsYouAge

【答案】28.D29.B30.C

【分析】这是一篇说明文。《神经病学》杂志发布的一则研究显示，需要大量的分析思考、细致规划和其

他管理技能有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。

28.Do细节理解题。根据第二一句“ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygathered

morethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andassessedthevolunteers'memoryandthinking

skillsthroughabatteryoftests.（来自德国莱比锡大学的研究人员召集了1000多名75岁以上的退休老人，

并通过一系列的测试对他们的记忆力和思维能力进行了评估。户可知，科学家让志愿者做测试是为了测试

他们的心智能力。故选

29.Bo推理判断题。根据第四段中FranciscaThen说的话“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,（这就像

体育锻炼一样有效。）”及接下来进一步的解释“长跑后人就会感到痛苦和疲惫，但它确实能强身健体。工

作一天下来会感到劳累，但这也使你的大脑处于健康状态”可知，FranciscaThen是通过与“身体锻炼”作

比较来解释他的发现的。

30,C0主旨大意题。第一段“Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandother

managerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage（需要大量的分析思考、细致规划和其他管理

技能有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。广是本文的主题句，结合全文

内容可知，文章主要讲述了有挑战性的工作可能会使大脑保持敏捷，所以C项“困难的工作可能有助于大

脑保持敏捷”适合作本文标题。

2.（2016年四川卷D篇）35题

Awarmdrinkofmilkbeforebedhaslongbeenthebestchoicefbrthosewantingagoodnight'ssleep.But

nowastudyhasfounditreallydocshelppeoplenodoff-ifitismilkedfromacowatnight.

Researchershavediscoveredthat“nightmilk“containsmoremelatonin（褪黑激素），whichhasbeenproven

lohelppeoplefeelsleepyandreduceanxiety.

Thestudy,byresearchersfromSeoul,SouthKorea,involvedmicebeingfedwithdriedmilkpowdermade

fromcowsmilkedbothduringthedayandatnight.

Thosegivennightmilk,whichcontained1（）timestheamountofmelatonin,werelessactiveandlessanxious

than（hosefedwith（hemilkcollectedduringdaytime,accordingtothestudypublishedinTheJournalof

MedicinalFood.

Nightmilkquickenedthestartofsleepandcausedthemicetosleeplonger.

Whiletheeffectofcows'milkharvestedatdifferenttimehasnotbeentestedonhumansuptonow,taking

melatonindrugshasbeensuggestedtothosewhoarestrugglingtofallasleepatnight.

Previousstudieshavealsoindicatedthatmilkcanbeexcellentforhelpingsleepbecauseofthecalcium

content,whichhelpspeopletorelax.

Milkisalsosugar-freeandadditive-freewithnutritionistsrecommendingskimmedmilkasth?bestchoice

beforebedasitistheleastfattening.Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime,thegreaterburdenycuwillputon

yourbodyatnight.

32.Accordingtothetext,themicefedwithdaytimemilk.

A.startedsleepmoreeasilyB.weremoreanxious

C.werelessactiveD.wokeuplater

33.Whichofthefollowingistrueofmelatoninaccordingtothetext?

A.It'sbeentestedonmicefbrtentimes.B.Itcanmakepeoplemoreenergetic.

C.Itexistsinmilkingreatamount.D.It'susedinsleepingdrugs.

34.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.NiglilMilkandSleepB.Fai,SugarandHcallli

C.AnExperimentonMiceD.MilkDrinkingandHealth

35.Howdoestheauthorsupportthethemeofthetext?

A.Bygivingexamples.B.Bystatingarguments.

C.Byexplainingstatisticaldata.D.Byprovidingresearchresults.

【答案】32.B33.D34.A35.D

【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要阐述了夜间产出的牛奶和睡眠之间的关系，夜间产出的牛奶有助于睡眠。

32.细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Thosegivennightmilk,whichcontained10timestheamountof

melatonin,werelessactiveandlessanxiousthanthosefedwiththemilkcollectedduringdaytime,

accordingtnthestudypublishedinTheJournalofMedicinalFcnd."（这项发表在TheJournalnfMedicinal

Food上的研究显示，与那些喝白天收集的牛奶的老鼠相比，那些喝晚上收集的牛奶的老鼠活动更少，焦

虑也更少，夜晚收集的牛奶含有的褪黑激素是白天收集的牛奶的10倍。）可知，与那些喝白天收集的牛奶

的老鼠相比，那些喝晚上收集的牛奶的老鼠活动更少，焦虑也更少，换句话说，喝白天收集的牛奶的老鼠

比喝晚上收集的牛奶的老鼠更活跃，也更焦虑。故选B。

33.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中"takingmelatonindrugshasbeenusedtothosewhoarestrugglingto

fallasleepatnight"（服用褪黑激素药物已用于那些晚上难以入睡的人）可知，褪黑激素药物是用来帮助

失眠的人入睡的。由此可推断出，褪黑激素已经被用于安眠药中。故选D。

34.主.旨大意题。根据文章内容及第一nowastudyhasfounditreallydoeshelppeoplenodoff—if

itismilkedfromacowatnight."（但现在一项研究发现，如果在晚上从奶牛身上挤牛奶，它确实能帮助人

们打瞌睡。）可知，文章主要讲的是夜间产出的牛奶和睡眠之间的关系，夜间产出的牛奶有助于睡眠。“Night

MilkandSleep”意为“夜间牛奶和睡眠％能够概括文章主旨。故选A。

35.推理判断题。题目需要我们判断作者是如何支持文章的主题的。文章第二段中引用了“TheJournalof

MedicinalFood”发表的研究报告。文章倒数第二段中“Previousstudieshavealsoindicatedthatmilkcanbe

excellentforhelpingsleepbecauseofthecalciumcontent,whichhelpspeopletorelax.**（先前的研究也表明,

牛奶对帮助睡眠很有效，因为它含有帮助人们放松的钙质。）引用了先前的研究结论。由此可推断出，作

者是通过提供研究成果来支持文章的主题的。故选D。

【名校好题强化】

（23-24上•镇江•期中）Anauthorwithcerebralpalsy（脑瘫）whofulfilledhisdreamofwritingachildren's

booksaidhehopeditcouldhelpyoungpeople“bethemselves”.

GavinCliftonwroteMaxandtheMagicWish,aboutaboywithcerebralpalsywhowishestobelikeother

childrenbeforestartingschool.

CliftonwantedtoconveythemessagethatitisOKforchildrentobedifferent.Cliftonwasexpectedtonever

walk,talkorgotomainstreamschoolduetohiscondition.Cliftonrowwalksanddrivesandcanspeakthrougha

specialistmachine.

Hesaidhewantedtoshowotherswhatpeoplewithdisabilitiescando,“Thepersonyoubecorr；eisthemost

importantthingbecauseyoulearntoadaptyourlifeinyourownway.AndIwanttoshowchildrenandothers

withdisabilitiesthatbeingyourselfisalwaysthebestthattheyshoulddo.Ithasalwaysbeenadreamofmineto

writeachildren'sbookandifIcaneducatemorepeopleandinspirethemwhilstmakingadifferencetotheirlives,

Iwouldbesohappy.Itwouldbemybiggestachievementyet.”

Cliftonsaidhewantedittogoagainst“keyboardwamors^^searchingforpeoplewithdisabilitiesonsocial

media.4ihavesuficicdabuseGumkcybuaidwauiuismyselfbutthebestadviceIcangiveisluncvcibileback

andletgoofallthehorriblecommentsandletthemgooveryourhead.”

Theauthor'sfatherMartinCliftonsaid,“Thedoctorsaidhewouldneverwalkortalkbecauseofhiscerebral

palsythatafleetsonesideofhisbody.Iamsoproudofhim.^^

IllustratorandpublisherofClifton'sbook,ClareThomas,saidworkingwithhimwas“anabsolutehonour”.

Shesaid,“Hedoesn,tletanythingstandinhisway.”

1.Howisthethirdparagraphdeveloped?

A.Bydescribingaprocess.B.Byanalyzingcauses.

C.Bygivinganexample.D.Byfollowingtimeorder.

7.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?

A.ThemotivationbehindClifton'swritingabook.

B.ThereasonfbrGavinClifton'srecovery.

C.ThemaincharacterofGavinClifton'sbook.

D.ThecauseofGavinClifton'sillness.

3.HowdoesCliftonrespondtokeyboardwarriors?

A.Heasksfriendsforhelp.B.Heignorestheirevilwords.

C.Hebitesbackkeyboardwarriors.D.Heacceptsthehorriblecomments.

4.WhydidClareThomasfeelhonoredtoworkwithGavinClifton?

A.BecauseGavinCliftonenjoyedahighsocialstatus.

B.BecauseGavinCliftonwasamanwithdisabilities.

C.BecauseGavinCliftonbroughtmuchconfidencetoClareThomas.

D.BecauseGavinCliftimpressedClareThomaswithhisperseverance.

【答案】1.C2,A3.B4.D

【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要讲述脑瘫作家加文•克利夫顿（GavinClifton）实现了写一本儿童书的

梦想的故事。

1.推理判断题。根据第三段“CliftonwantedtoconveythemessagethatitisOKforchildrentobedifferent.

Cliftonwasexpectedtoneverwalk,talkorgotomainstreamschoolduetohiscondition.Cliftonnowwalks

anddrivesandcanspeakthroughaspecialistmachine.（克利夫顿想传达这样一个信息：孩子们与众不同是

可以的。由于克利夫顿的身体状况，人们预计他永远不会走路、说话或上主流学校。克利夫顿现在可以走

路、开车，还可以通过专业机器说话。广可知，这一段用克利夫顿为例子来说明孩子们与众不同是可以的。

故选C。

2.主旨大意题。根据第四段“Hesaidhewantedtoshowotherswhatpeoplewithdisabilitiescando,“The

personyoubecomeisthemostimportantthingbecauseyoulearntoadaptyourlifeinyourownway.AndI

wanttoshowchildrenandotherswithdisabilitiesthatbeingyourselfisalwaysthebestthattheyshoulddo.

Ithasalwaysbeenadrcamofminetowriteachildren'sbookandifIcaneducatemorepeopleandinspire

themwhilstmakingadifferencetotheirlives,Iwouldbesohappy.Itwouldbemybiggestachievement

yet.”（他说，他想向其他人展示残疾人的能力，“你成为的人是最重要的，因为你学会了以自己的方式适应

自己的生活。我想向残疾儿童和其他人展示，做自己永远是他们应该做的最好的事。写一本儿童读物一直

是我的梦想，如果我能教育更多的人，激励他们，同时改变他们的生活，我会很高兴。这将是我迄今为止

最大的成就。可知，这一段主要讲述克利夫顿写书的动力。故选A。

3.推理判断题。根据第五段“Cliflonsaidhewantedi（togoagainst^keyboardwarriors"searchingfor

peoplewithdisabilitiesonsocialmedia.havesufferedabusefromkeyboardwarriorsmyselfbutthebest

adviceIcangiveistoneverbitebackandletgoofallthehorriblecommentsandletthemgooveryour

head.”（克利夫顿说，他希望这与在社交媒体上寻找残疾人的“键盘侠”背道而驰。“我自己也遭受过键盘侠

的虐待，但我能给出的最好建议是，永远不要反咬回去，让所有可怕的评论都随它吧，让它们越过你的头

顶，可知，克利夫顿忽略了所有键盘侠们可怕的评论。故选B。

4.推理判断题。根据最后一段"IllustratorandpublisherofClifton'sbook,ClareThomas,saidworking

withhimwas"anabsolutehonour”.Shesaid,“Hedoesn'tletanythingstandinhisway.”（克利夫顿书的插

图画家兼出版商克莱尔•托马斯表示，与他合作是“一种绝对的荣誉”。她说：“他不让任何事情妨碍他。”产

可知，克莱尔•托马斯很荣幸能与加文•克利夫顿共事是因为他的毅力给托马斯留下了深刻的印象C故选

（22-23上•牡丹江•期中）Eachyearmorethan2,500peopledieandI2,6（X）areinjuredinhomefiresjustinthe

UnitedStates,withdirectpropertylossbecauseofhomefiresatabout$7.3billion.EverydayAmericans

experiencethehorroroffires,butmostpeopledon'tunderstandfires.

Toprotectyourself,itisimporanttolearnsomethingabouthomefires.

Inlessthan30secondsasmallflame（火焰）cangetcompletelyoutofcontrolandturnintoamajorfire.It

onlytakesminutesforthickblacksmoketofillahouseorforittobeinflames.Mostdeadlyfireshappeninthe

homewhenpeoplearcasleep.Ifyourealizeafire,youwon'thavetimetotakevaluablesbecausethefirespreads

tooquicklyandthesmokeistoothick.Thefireusesuptheoxygenyouneedandproducessmokeandpoisonous

（有毒的）gases.Breathingevensmallamountsofsmokeandpoisonousgasescanmakeyoutiredandsleepy,and

shortofbreath.Thesmokecancauseyoutobeadeepsleeperbeforetheflamesreachyourdoor.Youmaynot

wakeupintimetoescape.

Roomtemperaturesinafirecanbe100degreesatfloorlevelandriseto6（X）degreesateyelevel.Breathing

inthissuper-hotairwillburnyourlungs.Itcanmeit（熔化）clothestoyourskin.Infiveminutes,aroomcanget

sohotthateverythinginitstartstoburnatonce.

Firesarebrightatfirst,butquicklyproduceblacksmokeandcompletedarkness.Ifyouwakeuptoafireyou

maybeblinded,confusedaboutwhereyouareorwhichdirectionyoushouldgoinandunabletofindyourway

aroundthehomeyou'velivedinforyears.Onlywhenweknowthetruenatureoffirescanweprepareour

familiesandourselves.

5.Howdoesthefirstparagraphdevelop?

A.Byraisingquestions.B.Bylistingreasons.

C.Byexpressingopinions.D.Bygivingexamples.

6.Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph?

A.Itisnecessarytoescapeintime.

B.Itisimportanttofindpoisonousgases.

C.Itisimpossibletokeepawayfromsmoke.

D.Itisdangeroustostayawayfromthedoor.

7.Howdoesblacksmoketroubleus?

A.Causingustofeelhopeless.B.Makingourfacesturnblack.

C.Gettingustoloseourways.D.Forcingustowalkaroundthehome.

8.Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?

A.Diffciciilpioccsscsufliumcfiles.

B.Somebasicknowledgeofhomefires.

C.GreatdamageofhomefiresintheUSA.

D.Somegoodways（opreventhomefires.

【答案】5.D6.A7.C8.B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一些关于家庭火灾的信息，只有了解火灾的本质才有可能做好准

备,

5.推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Eachyearmorethan2,500peopledieand12,600areinjuredinhome

firesjustintheUnitedStates,withdirectpropertylossbecauseofhomefiresatabout$7.3billion.（仅在美

国.每年就有250（）多人在家庭火灾中死亡，126（）。人受伤，房屋火灾造成的直接财产损失约为73亿美元.）”

可知，第一段列举了美国家庭火灾造成的损伤情况，进而引出接下来的主题。故选D。

6.推理判断题。根据第三段中的"Inlessthan30secondsasmallflame（火焰）cangetcompletelyoutof

controlandturnintoamajorfire.Itonlytakesminutesforthickblacksmoketofillahouseorforittobe

inflamed在不到30秒的时间里，一个小火焰可以完全失控，变成大火。浓浓的黑烟只需要几分钟就可以

充满一所房子或让它着火。）”和"Ifyourealizeafire,youwon"havetimetotakevaluablesbecausethefire

spreadstooquicklyandthesmokeistoothick.（如果你意识到发生了火灾，你将没有时间拿走贵重物品，因

为火灾蔓延得太快，烟骡太浓。『可知，小火和浓烟能在很短的时间里就变成大火，由于火灾蔓延太快，

发生火灾时是来不及拿走贵重物品的，由此可推测出，在发生火灾时，有必要及时逃离现场。故选A。

7.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Firesarebrightatfirst,butquicklyproduceblacksmokeandcomplete

darkness.Ifyouwakeuptoafireyoumaybeblinded,confusedaboutwhereyouareorwhichdirection

youshouldgoinandunabletofindyourwayaroundthehomeyou'velivedinforyears.（火起初是明亮的，

但很快就会产生黑烟和造成完全的黑暗。如果你在火灾中醒来，你可能会失明，不知道自己在哪里或应该

朝哪个方向走，在你住了多年的家里找不到路。）”可知，黑烟会让我们迷路。故选C。

8.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Toprotectyourself,itisimportanttolearnsomethingabout

homefires.（为了保护自己，了解一些关于家庭火灾的知识是很重要的。）”可知，第二段承上启下，引出了

接下来讲述的关于家庭火灾的知识，并在最后一段最后一句"Onlywhenweknowthetruenatureoffires

canweprepareourfamiliesandourselves.（只有当我们知道火灾的真实本质时，我们才能为我们的家人和

我们自己做好准备。广呼应前文，告诉我们只有了解家庭火灾的真实本质才能做好准备。由此可推测出，

本文主要讲述的是一些关于家庭火灾的基础知识。故选B。

（1819•重庆•二模）Nowadays,wecanreadalmostall“truths“onsocialmediasites.Butaretheyreally

reliable?SitessuchasthemicromessagingserviceTwitter,thesocialnetworkingsiteFacebookandthe

photo-sharingappInstagrammight“misrepresenttherealworld/'accordingtoastudybycomputerscientists

fromMcGillUniversityandCarnegieMellonUniversity.

Thescientistswarnthatgatheringinformationaboutpublicviewsandtrendsfromthesesitesisunwise.

Therearestilllargepartsofthepopulationwhodonottakepartinsocialmediaactivities.Also,there'sariskthat

manysocialmediausersareunder-represented.Instagram,forexample,appealstoyoungeradultsinurbanareas

whilePinterestisusedmainlybyfemalesaged25to34.Andonly5percentofTwitterusersareover65yearsold,

accordinglothestudy.

However,thisisnottheonlyissue,accordingtothescientificteam.Thedesignofawebsitecaninfluence

howpeoplebehaveonline,creatingwhattheresearcherscall“Internetbias.^^Forexample,micro-bloggingsites

suchasVVeiboplumule“popultu”sluiics.Ilsaveslimeforbunic,bulilalsolimitsicadcis'cliuiccofwlia（theysee.

Intheend,manypeopleopenthosestoriesandmakethemmore“popular."Butit'snotbecausetheychoosethose

stories.Rather,itisbecausethecontentisrightinfrontofthem.

Besides,it'spossiblethatnoteveryoneonyoursocialnetworksisreal.Theremightactuallybeafewfake

accountsamongthem.Fake“bots"pretendtobehumanandareoftenincludedwhenmeasuringorpredicting

humanbehaviorsonline.

Thefindingsmightbemoreimportantthanyouwouldthink,sincemanysocialmediastudies“areusedto

informandjustifydecisionsandinvestmentsamongthepublicandinindustryandgovernment,“saidDerek

Ruths,assistantProfessoratMcGill'sSchoolofComputerScience.

Iftheteamisright,youmighthavetothinkcarcfiillythenexttimeyousay,"It'stme,youknow;Ireaditon

Weibo.”

9.WhydoestheauthormentionTwitter;FacebookandInstagram?

A.Becausetheyarethebestsocialmediasitestoday.

B.Becausetheyarenotinfavorofthecurrentstudy.

C.Becausethepublicaresharingtruthsonthesesites.

D.Becauseinformationonthesesitesmaynotbereliable.

10.Howisthepassagedeveloped?

A.Bygivingexamples.B.Bymakingcomparisons.

C.Bydividingintogroups.D.Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.

11.Whichwordcanbestdescribetheauthor'sattitudetowardinfonrationonsocialmediasites?

A.Ambiguous.B.Favorable.

C.Disagreeable.D.Cautious

12.What'stheaulhor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassage?

A.Toanalyzewhyinformationgatheredfromsocialmediasitesmaynotbetrustworthy.

B.Toremindreadersofthingstheyshouldwatchoutforwhenusingsocialmedia.

C.lbpointouttheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofsocialmedia.

D.Torecommendpopularsocialnetworkingsitesforreaders.

【答案】9.D10.D11.D12.B

【分析】本文是一篇议论文。这篇文章主要阐述了在社交网络所接触到的信息，我们需要谨慎小心去鉴别

其真伪，作者提醒读者在使用社交媒体时需要注意的事情。

9.推理判断题。根据第一段的SitessuchasthemicromessagingserviceTwitter,thesocialnetworkingsite

Facebookandthephoto-sharingappInstagrammight^misrepresenttherealworld,”（微信服务Twitter>

社交网站Facebook和照片分享应用Instagram等网站可能“歪曲了现实世界）可知，作者提到了Twitter、

Facebook和Instagram的原因是因为这些网站上的信息可能不可靠。故选Do

10.推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章采用的论证结构是总分总结构，文章第一段提出论证的问题，即我

们几乎可以在社交媒体网站上读到所有的“真相”。但它们真的可靠吗？（结果），接下来四个段落来解释这

些真相是否可靠的原因，并在最后一段加以总结，由此可知，文章是通过分析因果关系展开的。故选D。

11.推理判断题。根据第二段的Thescientistswarnthatgatheringinformationaboutpublicviewsand

trendsfromthesesitesisunwise.（科学家们警告说，从这些网站收集有关公众观点和趋势的信息是不明

智的。）第四段的Besides,it*spossiblethatnoteveryoneonyoursocialnetworksisreal.（此外，你的社交

网络上可能不是每个人都是真实的。）以及最后一段的Iftheteamisright,youmighthavetothinkcarefully

thenexttimeyousay,wIt*strue,youknow;IreaditonWeibo.”（如果这个科学团队的调查是正确的，那么

下次你说“这是真的，你知道;我是在微博上看到的。”时，你需要慎重思考）可知，作者对于网络社交网

站上提供的信息多是“谨慎”的态度，故选D。

12.推理判断题。通读全文再结合第一段的Nowadays,wecanreadalmostall“truths”onsocialmediasites.

Butaretheyreallyreliable?（如今，我们几乎可以在社交媒体网站上读到所有的“真相”。但它们真的可靠

吗?）以及文章最后一段的Iftheteamisright,youmighthavetothinkcarefullythenexttimeyousay,"It's

true,youknow;IreaditonWeibo."（如果这个科学团队的调查是正确的，那么下次你说“这是真的，你知

道;我是在微博上看到的。”时，你需要慎重思考）内容可知，这篇文章主要阐述了在社交网络所接触到的

信息，我们需要谨慎小心去鉴别其真伪，所以作者写这篇文章的主要目的是提醒读者在使用社交媒体时要

注意的事情。故选B。

(18-19匕厦门•期中)ReeseWitherspoonwasbomonMarch22,1976inNewOrleans,Louisiana.Sheis

thesecondchildofthefamily.ReesespentthefirstfouryearsofherlifeinWiesbaden,Germany,whereherfather

JohnWitherspoonservedintheUSArmyReserves.Shortlyafter,JohnmovedthefamilybacktotheUnited

Sutes,settlinginNashville,Tennessee.

Reesewasintroducedtotheentertainmentindustryataveryearlyageatage7,shebeganmodeling.Thisled

toappearancesonseverallocaltelevisioncommercials.Atage11,shewasplacedfirstinaTen-StateTalentFair.

In1990,shelandedherfirstmajoractingroleinTheManintheMoon(l99l).Herroleasa14-yearold

tomboyearnedhergoodreviews.RolesinbiggerfilmssuchasJacktheBear(1993)andAFarOffPlace(1993)

followedshortlyafter.

Followinghighschoolgraduationin1994,Reesedecidedtohaveapauseinheractingcareerandattend

StanfordUniversitywhereshewouldmajorinEnglishliterature.However,herplanswereshortlystoppedwhen

sheacceptedrolestostarintwomajormotionpictures.Althoughneitherfilmwasahugebox-officesuccess,they

diehelptomakeReesearisingstarinHollywoodandopenthedoorforbiggerandbetterfilmroles.

HerbreakthroughrolecameasElleWoodsinthe2001comedyLegallyBlondeInboxofficeterms,the

moviewasagreatsuccessandmadeReeseoneofthetopfemalestarsinHolywood.Intheyear2014,she

producedbothGoneGirlandWild,forwhichshegotnominated(提名)forabestactressOscaragainforherrole.

Reeseisactivelyinvolvedinchildren'sandwomen,=sadvocacyorganizations.Sheisalongtimesupporter

ofSavetheChildren,anorganizationthathelpsprovidechildrenaroundtheworldwitheducation,healthcareand

emergencyaid.

13.WhydidReesestopherstudiesatStanfordUniversity?

A.Becauseshestarredintwosuccessfulfilms.

B.Becauseshecouldn'tbalancestudiesandacting.

C.Becauseshedidn'twanttogethighereducation.

D.BecauseshewasmorefamousinHollywood.

14.WhichfilmmadeReesemostfamous?

A.TheManintheMoon.B.JacktheBear

C.AFarOffPlace.D.LegallyBlonde.

15.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardReese?

A.Caring.B.Defensive.

C.Disappioving.D.Admiiiug.

16.Howdocsthepassagedevelop?

A.Following(heorderoftime.B.Usingfigures.

C.Givingexamples.D.Makingcomparison.

【答案】13.B14.D15.D16.A

【分析】本文是记叙文。主要讲述了美国影视演员ReeseWitherspoon的一些事迹。

13.推理判断题。根据第四段“Followinghighschoolgraduationin1994,Reesedecidedtohaveapausein

heractingcareerandattendStanfordUniversitywhereshewouldmajorinEnglishliterature.However,

herplanswereshortlystoppedwhensheacceptedrolestostarintwomajormotionpictures.(1994年，里斯

高中毕业后，她决定暂停自己的演艺事业，去斯坦福大学学习英语文学。然而，当她接受出演两部主要电

影时，她的计划很快就停止了。）”可知，因为要主演两部电影，所以放弃了继续求学，由此可知由于无

法兼顾就学和演艺事业，故而放弃了学业，故选B项。

14.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“HerbreakthroughrolecameasElleWoodsinthe2001comedyLegally

BlondeInboxofficeterms,themoviewasagreatsuccessandmadeReeseoneofthetopfemalestarsin

Holywood.（她在2001年的喜剧《律政俏佳人》中扮演了艾尔•伍兹，这一角色使她取得了突破性的成就。

这部电影取得了巨大的成功，使里斯成为了好莱坞最顶级的女明星之一。）''可知ReeseWitherspoon突破

性的角色就是律政俏佳人中的艾尔•伍兹，在票房方面，这部喜剧片赢得了巨大的成功，并使Reese

Witherspoon成为好莱坞最顶尖的女星之一。故选D项。

15.推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，作者在介绍Reese的演艺事业发展时，采用的都是正面的描述，再

根据最后一段中“SheisalongtimesupporterofSavetheChildren,anorganizationthathelpsprovide

childrenaroundtheworldwitheducation,healthcareandemergencyaid.（她是拯救儿童组织的长期支持

者，该组织帮助为世界各地的儿童提供教育、保健和紧急援助）”，最后一段对Reese积极参加一些旨在帮

助儿童和妇女的公益组织的描述可知，作者对Reese持赞扬的态度。故选D项。

16.推理判断题。文章开头从Reese的出生说起，随后描述了她的童年，成年后的作品以及参加的其他活

动，由此可以看出文章是按照时间顺序来写的。故选A项。

（22-23下•沈阳•期中）Air-conditioner'ssettingoftenformsthebasisofofficeargumentsbetweenwomen

andmenregardingtheticorrect^^temperaturefbrittobeset.Andil'sacommondebatebetweencouples—the

perfecttemperaluretokeepbothpartieswarmbutnothot.Researchdoesconsistentlyshowwomenprefera

higherindoortemperaturetomen.