大学英语六级模拟试卷70

大学英语六级模拟试卷70

一、作文（本题共7题，每题7.0分，共7分。）

1、Inthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionentitledMenaceof

EyesightDeteriorating.Yourcompositionshouldbeatleast150wordslongandcontain

thefollowingideas:1.现代人的视力正在受到严重的威胁2.主要原因是哪些

3.保护视力必须从孩子做起…

标准答案：MenaceofEyesightDeterioratingItisgenerallyacceptedthatnothingis

morevaluablethaneyesight.Justasthesayinggoes,"Nooneknowsthevalueof

eyesightuntilhelosesit."However,moreandmorepeoplea

知识点解析：暂无解析

二、快速阅读理解（本题共70题，每题7.0分，共10

分。）

Profiling（犯罪剖绘）Asthestarsoftrue-crimedocumentaries,TVseriesandHollywood

thrillers,criminalprofilershaveoneofthebest-knownlawenforcementjobsinthe

world.Basicprofiling—identifying,theperpetrator（犯罪者）ofacrimebasedonan

analysisofcrimeandthewayitwascommitted—isacommoninvestigativetool.But

somefearthatpolicedepartmentshavetakenprofilingtoofar,harassingorevenarresting

peoplebecauseofcertaincharacteristicstheymighthaveincommonwithcriminals-or

worseyet,becauseoftheirskincolor.Othersarguethatinanageofterrorismandviolent

crime,wccan'taffordnottoexaminepeoplebasedoncrimepatterns,evenifthatmeans

suspicionbasedonrace.BasicsofProfilingThemostbasickindofprofilingisaBeOn

theLookout（BOLO）orAll-PointsBulletin（APB）.You'reprobablyfamiliarwiththese,

althoughyoumightnothavehearditreferredtoasaprofile.AnAPBisadescriptionofa

specificsuspectaccusedofcommittingaspecificcrimeorcrimes,usuallybasedon

eyewitnessaccounts.Forexample,followingabankrobbery,policemightinterview

suspectsandreviewsurveillancecamerafootagebeforereleasingthefollowingAPB:

SuspectwaslastseeninadarkblueFordpick-uptruck.HewaswearingaredT-shirtand

blackjeans.Suspectisdescribedasawhitemale,5-feet10-inchestallandthinwith

recedingblondhair.Hehasatattooofasnakeonhisleftforearm.Thenextstepin

profilingisthepsychologicalprofile.Investigatorscreatethisprofileintheabsenceof

physicalevidenceoreyewitnessdescriptions,ortosupplementsuchdescriptions.They

takewhattheyknowaboutanunknownsuspectandhisactionsandtrytogenerate

additionalinformation.Forexample,ifaserialmurdererhasbeenkillingthefemale

employeesofalawfirm,profilersmightfinditlikelythatthekillerisamaleformer

employeeorclientofthelawfirm.Otherevidence,suchasnotesleftbythekiller,the

locationofthekilling,orthestateofthecrimescenecanallowprofilerstodevelop

"educatedguesses."Theseguessesmightincludethingslikethesuspect'seducationlevel,

psychologicaliraumas（创伤）hehassufferedorwherehelives.Theyarenotalways100

percentaccurate,andsometimestheycanberathervague.PredictiveProfilingWith

predictiveprofiling,criminalprofilinggetsmorecontroversial.Insteadofseekinga

particularsuspectbasedonevidenceataspecificcrime,predictiveprofilingattemptsto

guesswhichpeoplearelikelytocommitacrimethathasn*thappenedyet.Thisisn'ta

revolutionaryideabyitself.Policeofficersdon'tjustreacttocrimes:theypatrol,observe

andtrytospotsuspiciousbehaviorthatcouldmeanacrimeisgoingtotakeplace.Few

peoplewouldquestionanofficers'righttoinvestigateasuspicioussituationorquestiona

suspiciousperson.Evenwhenpolicedepartmentsusetheircriminalprofilesasa

justificationforsearchesandaiTestswithoutwarrants,thosepracticeshavebeenupheld

bytheSupremeCourt.Here'sanexample.Statetroopersarepatrollingastretchof

highwayknowntobefrequentedbydrugtraffickers（干非法勾当者）.Theofficersknow

frompreviousexperiencethatdrugtraffickersoftenuserentedcars,travelinthevery

earlymorning,andputthesparetireinthebackseattoleavemoreroominthetrunkfor

drugs.At4:00a.m.anofficernoticesacarthatfitsthisprofile.Thedriverisnotbreaking

anymajortrafficrules,butthetrooperpullsthecaroveranyway,hopingtospotsome

evidencethatcouldleadtoasearchofthecar.Thisisconsideredprofiling.Thepractice

ofnotingcriminaltendenciesandcreatingawrittenprofileissometimesattributedto

FloridaHighwayPatrolmanBobVogel,althoughitwasprobablycarriedoutbyothersat

thesametimeorpriortoVogel'suseof"cumulativesimilarities."Ihiskindofprofiling

canoccurwhenthehigh-levelofficialscreateapolicyandprogramthatinstructsofficers

toinvestigatepeoplewhofitapredeterminedprofile.Itcanalsobepariofanunofficial

policy,anaspectofthepolicedepartment'sculturepasseddownfromveterancopsto

newcomersontheforce.Sometimesitsimplyresultsfromanofficer'sexperience.After

yearsonthejob,hehaslearnedwhatsignsmightindicatecriminalactivity.Todetermine

ifsuchaprofilejustifiesawarrantlessarrestorsearch,theofficermustbeableto

describethespecificfactorsthatltdhimtobelievethesuspectwasacriminal.Ahunchor

afeelingwon'tstandupincourt.Thefollowingstatementprobablywould.Thesuspect

appearednervousandmadeseveralcontradictorystatements.Inthebackseat,Icouldsee

ashoeboxfullof35mmfilmcans,whichdrugcouriersfrequentlyusetostoredrugs.The

carsmelledlikeairfreshenerspray,whichisoftenusedtocoverupthesmellofillegal

drugs.IspottedthesuspectdrivingslowlyupanddownablockIknowtobefrequented

bydrugdealers.Thatkindofprofileisnotonlylegal,it'sconsideredgoodpolicework.

ProbableCauseAnalysisDuringatrafficstop,anofficercantakeseveraldifferent

actionsthatrequiredifferentkindsofprobablecauseforthemtobelegal.Herewe'll

examineeachstepandbreakdowntheelementsofprobablecause.Pullingovera

vehicle.Tolegallypullsomeoneover,anofficerneedstohavewitnessedatraffic

violation.Hecanalsocheckthelicenseplatenumbertoseeifthecarisstolenorifthere

arearrestwarrantsoutfortheregisteredowner.Ifthecaranditsoccupantsfitacriminal

profile,theofficercanmakeastopaslongashecandescribespecificfactorsthatfitthe

profile.Theraceorskincolorofthedriverandoccupantscan'tcomeintoplay,however.

Questioningthesuspect.Oncetheofficerpullsoveravehicle,hedoesn'tnecessarilyhave

towriteaticket.Ifthevehicleseemssuspicious,theofficermayjustwanttoquestionthe

occupants,checktheirlicensesagainstthedepartmentdatabaseandlookinsidetheear.

Hecanlookatanythinginplainviewintheear.However,hedoesnothavesufficient

causeyettoenterandsearchtheear.TodosowouldviolatetheFourthAmendment

protectionagainstunreasonablesearchandseizure.However,ifthispreliminary

investigationaddsmorev/eighttotheofficer'sinitialsuspicion,hemayhaveprobable

causeforanarrestandsearch.Again,thisdependsonthepresenceofspecificfactorsin

theprofile,notjusta"feeling"andracecannotbeafactor.Consenttosearch.Ifthe

actionsofthesuspectsorthecontentsoftheircarraisefurthersuspicions,theofficercan

askthedriverforconsenttosearchtheear.Nooneiseverrequiredtosayyes,butifthey

do,theofficerneedsnoadditionalcause.Thesuspecthaswaived(放弃)hisFourth

Amendmentrights,andtheofficercanconductafullsearch.Theofficerisnotrequired

totellthesuspectthathecanrefuseconsent(atleast,notunderfederallaw-someslates

mayhavelawsrequiringthisnotification).Thisaspectiscontroversialbecausenot

everyoneisawareoftheirrighttorefuseconsent,andmanypeoplesayyesoutoffearor

thefeelingthattheofficerwilldothesearchanyway.Ifconsentisrefused,theofficer

maydetainthesuspectsforareasonableamountoftime.In2005,theUSSupremeCourt

decidedthatusingadrug-sniffingdogaroundtheoutsideofavehicledocsnotrequirea

warrantnoranyspecificsuspicionorprobablecause,anddoesnotviolatetheFourth

Amendment.Ifthedog"alerts"tothepresenceofdrugs,thatcreatesenoughprobable

causeforafullsearch,withoutconsentorawarrant.The"reasonable"amountoftime

provisionisvaguelydefined,althoughwaittimesupto90minuteshavebeenallowedby

federalcourts.Fullsearchwithprobablecause.Thealertofadrug-sniffingdog,orseeing

drugsorweaponssittinginplainsightinside(hecararethemostcommonlyaccepted

formsofprobablecause.Iftheofficerperformsanyoftheseactionswithoutprobable

cause,thenanyevidencegatheredasaresultwillnotbeallowedcourt.Thiscouldmake

itverydifficulttosuccessfullyprosecutethesuspect.

2、Basicprofilingisawidelyusedinvestigatingtool,buttherearecontradictory

attitudestowardsit.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：由题十关键词Basicprofiling,widelyusedinvestigatingtool可将答案定

位至第一，段第二句。由这部分的主要结构Butsomefearthat...Othersarguethat…来

看，对这种调查手段是存在不同意见的，由此证明本题陈述正确。

3、All-PointsBulletinoftenappearsintrue-crimedocumentaries,sopeoplearequite

familiarwithit.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：C

知识点解析：由题干关键词All-PointsBulletin可将答案定位至第一标题Basicsof

Profiling下第一段，但是该段提到人们可能很熟悉All-PointsBulletin,却没有提到

人们通过犯罪纪录片了解它。

4、Increatingpsychologicalprofile,investigatorssupplyinformationaboutasuspect

basedontheexistingphysicalevidenceorrelevantinformation.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：由题干关键词psychologicalprofile可将答案定位至第一标题下第四段

第二句。Investigatorscreatethisprofileintheabsenceofphysicalevidenceor

eyewitnessdescriptions,ortosupplementsuchdescriptionso由此证明本题陈述错误。

5、Predictiveprofiling,anunconventionalidea,involvesguessingwhoislikelyto

commitacrime.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：由题干关键词Predictiveprofiling可将答案定位至第二标题下。在木

标题卜的第二段第一句：ThisisrTtarevolutionaryideabyitself.,这证明本题陈述

unconventionalidea有误.

6、Criminalprofilesjustifythepolicescathesandarrestswithoutwarrants,apractice

supportedby______.

标）ih答案：theSupremeCourt

知识点解析：由题干关健词searchesandarrestswithoutwarrants可将答案定位至第

二标题PredictiveProfiling下第二段最后一句。Evenwhenpolicedepartmentsuse

theircriminalprofilesasajustificationforsearchesandarrestswithoutwarrants,those

practiceshavebeenupheldbytheSupremeCourt,可知答案。

7、ApoliueinaiicanslopacarlulookfurvvidcuueleadingLuasearchifhufindsil

matching.

标准答案：apredeterminedprofile

知识点解析：由题干关键词stopacar可将答案大致定位于第二标题下第四段，但

是该段是一个例证，对这一例证的总结性说明在第五段第一句。该句Thiskindof

profilingcanoccurwhenthehigh-levelofficialscreateapolicyandprogramthat

instructsofficerstoinvestigatepeoplewhofitapredeterminedprofileo故矢口a

predeterminedprofile就是答案。

8、Whetheraprofileissupportivetoasearchwithoutwarrantdependsontheoffice's

abilitytodescribespecific.

标准答案：suspiciousfactors

知识点解析：由题干关健部分Whetheraprofileissupportivetoasearchwithout

warrant可将答案定位至第二标题下第六应第一句。该句Todetermineifsucha

profilejustifiesawarrantlessarrestorsearch,theofficermustbeabletodescribethe

specificfactorsthatledhimtobelievethesuspectwasacriminalo句中的specific

factorsthatledhimtobelievethesuspectwasacriminal可以简化成为suspicious

factorso

9、Itisapoliceman'slegalrighttopulloveracarifhehasseenitcommitted.

标准答案：atrafficviolation

知识点解析：由题干关键词pulloveracar可将答案定位至第三标题ProbableCause

Analysis卜.第二段第二句。该句Tolegallypullsomeoneover,anofficerneedstohave

witnessedatrafficviolation.,据此，可推知空格里应填入atrafficviolation。

10、Apolicemancanlegallygiveathoroughsearchtoacarbyaskingforthecar

occupant's.

标准答案：consent

知识点解析：由题干关键词legallygiveathoroughsearch,askingfor可将答案定位

至第三个标题下第四段第二、三句。该句…theofficercanaskthedriverforconsentto

searchthecar.Nooneiseverrequiredtosayyes,butiftheydo,theofficerneedsno

additionalcause.,由此可见，空格内应该谊consent。

11、Probablecauseincludesdrug-sniffingdogalertsorwitnessingillegalcontentsin

insidethecar.

标准答案：plainsight

知识点解析：由题干关键词Probablecauseincludes可将答案定位至文章倒数第二

段第二句。Thealertofadrug-sniffingdog,orseeingdrugsorweaponssittinginplain

sightinsidethecararethemostcommonlyacceptedformsofprobablecause.,据此，

空格里应填入plainsighto

三、听力短对话（本题共8题，每题1.0分，共8分0）

12、

A、Hewon'tbeabletofinishtheworksoon.

B、Thewomanmustwaitforalongtime.

C^Hewillfinishthepapersoon.

D、Thewomancanhavealongtalkwithhim.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：W:Iseeyou'reworkingonsomethingrightnow,John.Assoonasyou

finish,Tdliketotalktoyouforafewminutes.M:Wellyoucantalktomenow.

Otherwise,Fmafraidyoumighthavealongwait.Tmworkingonapaper.Q:Whatdocs

themanmean?

13、

A、Thewomanfailedtonotifythemanbecauseshehadnomoneyforthetaxifoe.

B、Thewomancamelatebecauseofatrafficjam.

C、Thewomancamelatebecauseshehadnomoneytoreplacetheflattire.

D^Thewomanfailedtonotifythemanbecauseshehadnochangefortelephonecall.

标准答案：D

知识点解析:M:Isee.You'relatebecauseyouhadaflattire.Butcouldn'tyouhave

telephoned?W:IwasgoingtobutIdidn'thaveanychangefbrapayphone.Q:Whatcan

welearnfromtheconversation?

14、

A、PeoplewhoteachEnglishlikethingsbesidesbooks.

B、Englishteachersliketoreadandtolistentomusic.

C^TheEnglishteacherusuallylikestoreadalot.

D、EveryoneteachingEnglishlikestoreadallthetime.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：W:ProfessorHarrisonhelpsmesomuchthatVmthinkingofbuyinghim

abookofpoetry.M:Ithinkyoushouldgethimarecord,justbecausehe'sanEnglish

teacheranditdoesn'tmeanallhedocsistoread.Q:Whatdocsthemanmean?

15、

A^Hehasalreadyarrived.

B、Heisoftenlate.

C、Hedoesn'tliketherestaurant.

D、Hedoesn'tgetthemessage.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：M:Davidwassupposedtobehereanhourago.CouldIhavegivenhim

thewrongaddressfortherestaurant?W:Idoubtit.ThisisprettytypicalforDavid.Q:

WhatdoesthewomanimplyaboutDavid?

16>

A.Aboutthechildren^action.

B、Aboutsocialmanners.

C、Aboutpublicinfluence.

D、Aboutthechangesoftheenvironment.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：W:Thingsaren'twhattheyusedtobe,arethey?M:No,theyaren't.

Everythingisupsidedownthesedays.Peoplehaven'tevengotgoodmannersmore.

Lookatthewaychildrenact.Q:Whatarethetwospeakerscomplainingabout?

17、

A、Shemoansthemanshouldgiveuppreparingthelessons.

B、Shemeansthemanshouldpreparethemoreimportantlessons.

C>Shemoansthemanshouldgetupearlytopreparehislessons,

D、Shemeansthemanislooexhaustedtopreparethelessons.

标准答案：A

知识点解析:M:Afterawholeday'sexam,Iamreallyexhausted.But1stillhaven't

preparedtomorrow'slessons.W:IfIwereyou,Iwouldomitit.Theyarenotasimportant

asyouimagined.Alsowebothneedtogetupearlytomorrowmorning.Q:Whatdoesthe

womanmean?

18、

A、Themanandthewomanwillfliparoundtofindaprogram.

ThemanandthewomanwilllookthroughtheTVGuidefirst,

C>Thewomanwillfinishthespecialbeforeswitchingthechannel.

D、ThemanwillwatchaquizshowonChannelPIimmediately.

标准答案：C

知识点解析:M:LetmelookintheTVGuide.ThereisaquizshowgoingonChannel

14.Passmetheremotecontrol.Tilfliparoundandseeit.W:Idon'tthinkthereis

anythingworthwatchingatthismoment.Butletmefinishthisspecial.Q:Whatarethe

twospeakersprobablygoingtodonext?

19、

A、No.15busistherightonetogotothebeach.

B、Theman.willgetoffatthestopofsciencemuseum,

C>ThepostofficeisoneofthestopsofNo.50bus.

D、Themancangotothebeachwithouttransferring.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：M:Isthisthebusforthebeach?W:No.You'regoingthewrongway.

ThisbusisNo.15,goingtothesciencemuseum.YouwantNo.50bus,whichstopsin

frontofthepostofrice,andthenyoucangetstraighttothebeachthere.Q:Whatcanbe

inferredfromtheconversation?

四、听力长对话（含3小题）（本题共3题，每题7.0

分，共3分。）

20、

A^Hemovedtohisnewapartment:

B、Hehimselfcouldn'tcookfood.

C、Hedoesn'teatanymeatbutfruits.

D^Heisgettingworryinglythinner.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：What'stheproblemwithMarc?

21、

A、Timneversmokes.

B、Timdoesn'tlikemeat.

C^Timhasasweettooth.

D、Timisaheavyalcoholic.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutTim?

22、

A、Heshouldtakemoreexercise.

B、Sodamayhelphimgainweight.

C、Heshouldsmokefewercigarettes.

D、TalkingwithTimmaysolvehisproblem.

标准答案：C

知识点解析:What'stheman'ssuggestiontoMarc?

五、听力长对话（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题7.0

分,共4分。）

23、

A^Howtogoabroadforstudy.

B、Howtoenjoythefreedomabroad.

C、Howtolookforajobafterreturningbackfromabroad.

D^Re-entryShockandhowtoreduceit.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：WhataretheIwospeakerstalkingabout?

24、

A、Freedomfromthestressofworking.

Freedomfromsocialregulations.

C>Freedomfromlaws.

D、Freedomfromstudy.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：WhatfreedomcanstudentsenjoyintheUSAaccordingtothe

conversation?

25、

A、Studentsdon'tattendclassesatall.

B、Studentsparticipateinsomeactivitiestheirparentsmaybeagainst.

C、Studentsstay,outandnevercomebacktoschool.

Studentsdoanythingtheywant.

标准答案：B

知识点解析:Whichiscneoftheproblemscausedbytoomuchfreedom?

26、

A、They'shouldbeclearwhatthey5regoingtodo.

B、Theyshouldturntotheirparents.

C^Theyshouldignoretheculturalnormsoftheirhomecountries.

D、Theyshouldturntotheirfriends.

标准答案：A

知识点解析:Whatshouldstudentsdowhentheyreturnfromabroadaccordingtothe

man?

六、听力短文（含3小题）（本题共6题，每题7.0

分，共6分。）

27、

A^Specialancestryandgeneticstructures

B、Physicalandculturalbehaviors

C、Mentalandphysicalmovements

D、Mentalbehaviorsandgeneticstructures

标准答案：B

知识点解析：Whatmakeshumanuniqueaccordingtothepassage?

28、

A、Humansdon'thavethecommonancestrywithothersimpleranimals.

B、HumansandapesarethedominantanimalsontheEarth.

C^Humansandapesshare96%geneticstructure.

D、Respirationofhumansisnearlythesamewiththatofducks.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：Whichistrueaccordingtothepassage?

29、

A、Theirlanguagesaretoosimple.

B、Animalscan'tdomesticateotherbeings.

C>Animals'culturesdon'thavealonghistory.

D、Animalscan'tsharetheircultureswithotherbeings.

标准答案：D

知识点解析:Whatisthelimitationofanimalculturesaccordingtothepassage?

30、

A^Theearthwillgetwarmerinthenextcentury.

B、Someresearcherswishtheweathertobecomewarmer.

C、Anywarmingupoftheearth'satmospherewillbelimited.

D^Theearth'satmospherewillcoolsignificantly.

标准答案：c-

知识点解析:Whichistrueaccordingtothepassage?

31、

A、Itdidnotoccur.

B、Itwillneveroccuragain.

C、Itisbeneficial.

D、Itisdisastrous.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：WhichistrueabouttheLittleClimateOptimum?

32、

A、SignificantlyincreasingthetemperatureoftheEarth.

SignificantlycoolingtheEarth.

C>Keepingtheatmospherereasonablywarm.

D^Causingseverepollmion.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：WhatwillhappenifCO2isputintotheair?

七、听力短文（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题7.0

分，共4分。）

33、

A、Badminton.

Fishing.

C、Tabletennis.

D、Icehockey.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：Accordingtothepassage,whichsportrequiresmoremoney?

34、

A、Bywayofbroadcasts.

B、BywayofTV.

C、Bywayoffilm.

D、Bywayofnewspaper.

标准答案：B

知识点解析:Howhasthepopularityoffootballincreased?

35、

A、Symbolsofhappiness.

B、Symbolsofgreatness.

C、Examplesofcourageanddetermination.

D、Examplesofglory.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：Whatdothestarathletesserveasforcommonpeople?

36、

A、Selectingexcellentplayers.

B、Stressingtheimportanceofsportsforallyoungpeople.

C、Stressinghumanendeavors.

D、StressingthedevelopmentofOlympicGames.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：Whatdophysicalteachersemphasizeaccordingtothepassage?

八、听力复合式听写(本题共〃题，每题分，共

〃分。)

Publicopinionpollsarcregularlyconductedandpublishedinmanycountries.They

(36)notonlysupportforpoliticalpartiesbutalsopublicopiniononawide

(37)ofsocialandpoliticalissues.Theyare(38)publishedinmajor

newspapersandaregenerally(39)asusefultoolsbybusinesses,political

organizations,themassmediaandgovernment,andacademicresearchgroups.Hundreds

ofpublicpollingfirms(40)aroundtheworld.TheGallupPollandHarrisPollare

amongthebestknownintheUS.Inbusiness,pollsareusedtotestconsumers'

(41)andtodiscoverwhatgivesaproductits(42).Responsesto

commercialpollshelpbusinessesinplanningmarketingandadvertising(43)and

inmakingchangesinaproducttoincreaseitssales.Inpolitics,(44).

Pollingorganizationshavealsobeensuccessfulinpredictingtheoutcomeofelections.

BypollingvotersonElectionDay,itisoftenpossibletodeterminetheprobablewinner

everbeforethevotingboothsdose.Newspapers,magazines,radioandtelevisionsare

heavyusersofpublicopinionpollinginformation,especiallypoliticalinformationthat

helpstopredictelectionresultsormeasurethepopularityofgovernmentofficialsand

candidates.(45).Governmentsuseopinionpollstofindoutpublic

sentimentaboutissuesofinterest.Theyalsousepollingmethodstodetermine

unemploymentrates,crimeratesandothersocialandeconomicindicators.

(46).Theyhavebeenvaluableinstudyingsocialization,politicalattitudes,

andeconomicbehavior.

37、Publicopinionpollsarcregularlyconductedandpublishedinmanycountries.They

(36)notonlysupportforpoliticalpartiesbutalsopublicopiniononawide

(37)ofsocialandpoliticalissues.Theyare(38)publishedinmajor

newspapersandaregenerally(39)asusefultoolsbybusinesses,political

organizations,themassmediaandgovernment,andacademicresearchgroups.Hundreds

ofpublicpollingfirms(40)aroundtheworld.TheGallupPollandHarrisPollare

amongthebestknownintheUS.Inbusiness,pollsareusedtotestconsumers'

(41)andtodiscoverwhatgivesaproductits(42).Responsesto

commercialpollshelpbusinessesinplanningmarketingandadvertising(43)and

inmakingchangesinaproducttoincreaseitssales.Inpolitics,(44).

Pollingorganizationshavealsobeensuccessfulinpredictingtheoutcomeofelections.

BypollingvotersonElectionDay,itisoftenpossibletodeterminetheprobablewinner

everbeforethevotingboothsdose.Newspapers,magazines,radioandtelevisionsare

heavyusersofpublicopinionpollinginformation,especiallypoliticalinformationthat

helpstopredictelectionresultsormeasurethepopularityofgovernmentofficialsand

candidates.(45).Governmentsuseopinionpollstofindoutpublic

sentimentaboutissuesofinterest.Theyalsousepollingmethodstodetermine

unemploymentrates,crimeratesandothersocialandeconomicindicators.

(46).Theyhavebeenvaluableinstudyingsocialization,politicalattitudes,

andeconomicbehavior.

标准答案：measure

知识点解析：暂无解析

38、

标准答案：range

知识点解析：暂无解析

39、

标准答案：frequently

知识点解析：暂无解析

40、

标准答案：accepted

知识点解析：暂无解析

41、

标准答案：operate

知识点解析：暂无解析

42、

标准答案：preferences

知识点解析：暂无解析

43、

标准答案：叩peal

知识点解析：暂无解析

44、

标准答案：strategies

知识点解析：暂无解析

45、

标准答案：pollsareusedtoobtaininformationaboutvoters'attitudestoward

candidates,toputforwardcandidateswithwinningpotential,andtoplancampaigns

知识点解析：暂无解析

46、

标准答案：Thepublic'sattitudetowardvarioussocial,economic,andinternational

issuesisalsoconsideredvaluableandnewsworthy

知识点解析：暂无解析

47、

标准答案：Opinionpollshavealsobeenemployedextensivelyinacademicresearch,

particularlyinthesocialsciences

知识点解析：暂无解析

九、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共70题，每题7.0

分，共70分。）

Anthropologists（人类学家）believethatlaughterdatesbackmillionsofyears—wewere

laughinglongbeforewewereverballycommunicating.WhetheryouspeakChinese,

EnglishorSwahili,alaughorsmilehasvirtuallythesamemeaningallovertheworld.

Humanbeingslovetolaugh,andtheaverageadultlaughs17limesaday.Humanslove

tolaughsomuchthatthereareactuallyindustriesbuiltaroundlaughter.Jokes,situation

comediesandcomediansarealldesignedtogetuslaughing,becauselaughingfeelsgood.

Butwhydowelaugh?Afterall,it'snotexactlyatraitwesharewithotheranimalspecies.

PhilosopherJohnMorreallbelievesthatthefirsthumanlaughtermayhavebegunasa

gestureofsharedreliefatthepassingofdanger.Andsincetherelaxationthatresultsfrom

laughterinhibitsthebiologicalfight-or-flightresponse,laughtermayindicatetrustin

one'scompanions.Manyresearchersbelievethatthepurposeoflaughterisrelatedto

makingandsirengiheninghumanconnections.Laughteroccurswhenpeopleare

comfortablewithoneanother,whentheyfeelopenandfree.Andthemorelaughterthere

is,themorebondingoccurswithinthegroup.Thisfeedback"loop"ofbonding-laughter-

morebonding,combinedwiththecommondesirenottobesingledoutfromthegroup,

maybeanotherreasonwhylaughterisoftencontagious（易感染的）.Welaugh30times

asmuchwhenwe'rewithotherpeoplethanwedowhenwearealoneandlaughingisnot

asoloactivity.Laughterisagreatthing-that'swhywe'veallheardthesaying,

"Laughteristhebestmedicine."Thereisstrongevidencethatlaughtercanactuallydoa

numberofpositivephysicalthingstoimprovehealthandhelpfightdiseases.Blood

pressureislowered,andthereisanincreaseinbloodflowandinoxygenationofthe

blood,whichfurtherassistshealing.Inaddition,peopleoftenstorenegativeemotions,

suchasanger,sadnessandfear,ratherthanexpressingthem.Laughterprovidesawayfor

theseemotionstobeharmlesslyreleased.That'swhysomepeoplewhoareupsetor

stressedoutgoloafunnymovieoracomedyclub,sotheycanlaughthenegative

emotionsaway.Otherwise,thesenegativeemotions,whenheldinside,maycause

biochemicalchangesthatcanaffectourbodies.Whatmaysurpriseyouevenmoreisthe

factthatresearchersestimatethatlaughing100timesisequalto10minutesonthe

rowingmachineor15minutesonanexercisebike.Laughingcanbeatotalbody

workout!

48、Whatissaidaboutthecommunicativefunctionsoflaughter?

A、Meaningsconveyedbylaughtervarywithlanguages.

B、Laughterservesasawayofinterac