2019高考英语专题复习被动语态(附答案)

2019高考英语专题复习被动语态（附答案）I.考点分析一、被动语态的形式被动语态是非常重要的考点。并且我们发现与被动语态有关的考题每次都有2到3题。首先我们要了解被动语态的基本形式。一般现在时bedone现在进行时bebeingdone一般过去时was/weredone过去进行时was/werebeingdone现在完成时have/hasbeendone过去完成时haddone一般将来时willbedone将来过去时would/shouldbedone将来完成时willhavebeendone过去将来完成时would/shouldhavebeendonegoingto结构goingtobedonebetobetobedone情态动词情态动词+bedone不定式tobedonetohavebeendone二、被动语态在下列情况下可以使用：1.只有及物动词或不及物动词+前置词才能用被动态结构；单独的不及物动词不能使用。Agreatbattlewasfought.Thebabieswerelookedafterbythenurse.2.当不知到动作的发出者，或不容易指出动作的发出者时，可用被动语态。Thewindowisbroken.Thechemicalworksisequippedwithsophisticatedmachines.Theaudienceisrequestedtokeepsilence.3.当我们对动作的接受者比动作的发出者更感性趣时，可用被动语态。Thefive-yearplanhasbeendrawnup.ComradeLiwaselectedchairman.4.由于某种特殊的原因(如说话技巧、说话者的感情等)，故意回避行为的发出者时，可用被动语态。Anysuggestionswillbeheartilyappreciated.ItisbelievedthatthereareaboutfourmillionworkersunemployedtheU.S.Aeachyear.5.当谈及疾病时，可用被动结构。Hisleftlungisaffected.Sheisconfinedtotheroombyillness.Tomwasseizedwithsuddenchestpain.6.当由于工作或其它原因过度疲劳时，可用被动结构。Hewascompletelyexhaustedafteralongwalk.Iwasalmostfaggedout.Shewasknockedupafterthelongsteepclimb.7.由于兴奋或激动时，可用被动结构表示。Janewasdelightedtohearthenewsofyoursuccess.Iamverypleasedtoseeyouhere.Shewasenchantedwiththeflowersyousenther.8.当由于受阻或某种原因延迟或耽搁时，可用被动语态结构。Wehavebeenheldupbyfog.Themountainroadswereobstructedbyfallsofrock.Thetrainwasdelayed2hours.Theharbourwasblockedbyice.9.当涉及个人习惯时，可用被动态结构。Heisquiteusedtohardwork.ThisisnotthekindoftreatmentIamaccustomedto.Heisaddictedtosmoking.10．当涉及烦恼时，可用被动结构Hewasannoyedtolearnthatthetrainwouldbedelayed.Sheiseasilyupsetemotionally.Hewasvexedathisfailure.Hewasdisturbedtohearofyourillness.11．表示惊讶时，可用被动态结构。Iwasastonishedtoseehimthere.Iamsurprisedhedidn’tcome.Hewasshockedtohearhisdaughterswearing.Hewasstartledtoseeherlookingsoill.12．当涉及被围困、被（栅栏）隔开、拦开时，可用被动态结构。Hislandisfencedwithbarbedwire.Thetroopsweresurrounded.TroywasbesiegedbytheGreeksfor10years.Japaniscompassedaboutbytheocean.13．当涉及污染、弄脏等意思时，可用被动态结构。Hisreputationistarnished.Mycarwasmired.Yourfingersarestainedwithink.14．当涉及与混淆有关的意思时，可用被动结构。Iwasconfusedtohearthat.Hewaspuzzledwhattodonext.Tomwasbewilderedbytheexaminationquestions.TheyaskedsomanyquestionsthatIgotconfused.三、被动语态注意要点：1.主动语态的主语是people,they,we,you,one,someone,noone等，如泛指一般人，则改为被动语态时，常常被省略。TheyspeakPortugueseinBrazil.PortugueseisspokeninBrazil.Youshouldobservethislaw.Thislawshouldbeobserved.2.不及物动词+介词的动词短语，改为被动语态时，介词不可省略。Marylaughedathisplan.HisplanwaslaughedatbyMary.Ilookeddownuponthem.Theyarelookeddownuponbyme.3.及物动词有两个宾语时，可改为两种被动语态。TheyofferedherapostintheCabinet.ShewasofferedapostintheCabinet.ApostintheCabinetwasofferedher.4.有些动词以被动语态表主动意义，其后不用by，而用at,in,with,about,to等介词。Iamworriedaboutthis.Thisworriesme.Johnisinterestedinhistory.HistoryinterestsJohn.Herplanwasknowntoeveryone.Everyoneknewherplan.5.祈使句的被动语态：肯定祈使句主动语态：V+O被动语态：Let+O+be+过去分词Bringthemanhere.letthemanbebroughthere.否定祈使句主动语态：Don’t+V+O被动语态：Don’tlet+O+be+过去分词Don’tforgettobringthecases.Don’tletitbeforgottentobringthecases.6.疑问句改为被动语态。Whobrokethewindow?Bywhomwasthewindowbroken?DidanyonehearMikeleavetheclassroom?WasMikeheardtoleavetheclassroom?7.感官动词或使役动词+宾语+原形动词，改为被动语态时，其后的原形动词改为不定式。WesawTomentertheroom.Tomwasseentoentertheroombyus.8.有宾语补语的句子改为被动语态时，补语放在动词之后。EveryoneexpectedEmilytomarryMark.EmilywasexpectedbyeveryonetomarryMark.II.练习：1.Thattreelookedasif_____foralongtime.A)hasn’twateredB)didn’twaterC)hadn’tbeenwateredD)wasn’twatered2.After_____forthejob,youwillberequiredtotakealanguagetest.A)beinginterviewedB)interviewedC)interviewingD)havinginterviewed3.Mr.Johnsonpreferred_____heavierworktodo.A)tobegivenB)tobegivingC)tohavegivenD)havinggiven4.Thegreybuildingiswheretheworkerslive,andthewhiteoneiswherethespareparts_____.A)areproducingB)areproducedC)producedD)beingproduced5.Itisnotunusualforworkersinthatregion_____.A)tobepaidmorethanamonthlateB)tobepaidlaterthanmoreamonthC)topaylaterthanamonthmoreD)topaylatemorethanamonth6.Michaelusedtolookhurtandsurprisedwhen_____.A)scoldingB)toscoldC)havingscoldedD)scolded7.obefrank,I’dratheryou_____inthecase.A)willnotbeinvolvedB)notinvolvedC)nottobeinvolvedD)werenotinvolved8.Markoftenattemptstoescape_____wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.A)havingbeenfinedB)tobefinedC)tohavebeenfinedD)beingfined9.Itisrecommendedthattheproject_____untilallthepreparationshavebeenmade.A)isnotstartedB)willnotbestartedC)notbestartedD)isnottobestarted10.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,whichartificialintelligence,_____andperfectednow.A)developedB)havedevelopedC)arebeingdevelopedD)willhavebeendeveloped11.SirDenis,whois78,hasmadeitknownthatmuchofhiscollection_____tothenation.A)hasleftB)istoleaveC)leavesD)istobeleft12.Theroomisinaterriblemess;it_____cleaned.A)can’thavebeenB)shouldn’thavebeenC)mustn’thavebeenD)wouldn’thavebeen13.GreatasNewtonwas,manyofhisideas_____todayandarebeingmodifiedbytheworkofscientistsofourtime.A)aretochallengeB)maybechallengedC)havebeenchallengedD)arechallenging14.Itisvitalthatenoughmoney_____tofundtheproject.A)becollectedB)mustbecollectedC)iscollectedD)canbecollected15.Asteachersweshouldconcernourselveswithwhatissaid,notwhatwethink______.A)oughttobesaidB)mustsayC)havetobesaidD)needtosay16.Idon’tthinkitadvisablethatTim_____tothejobsincehehasnoexperience.A)isassignedB)willbeassignedC)beassignedD)hasbeenassigned17.Neitheroftheyoungmenwhohadappliedforapositionintheuniversity_____.A)hasbeenacceptedB)havebeenacceptedC)wasacceptedD)wereaccepted18.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion_____.A)beputoffB)wasputoffC)shouldputoffD)istoputoff19.Allflights_____becausethesnowstorm,manypassengerscoulddonothingbuttakethetrain.A)hadbeencanceledB)havebeencanceledC)werecanceledD)havingbeencanceled20.Iftheoperation_____beforehand,agreatdealoftimeandmoneywouldhavebeenlost.A)wasnotplannedB)hasnotbeenplannedC)werenotplannedD)hadnotbeenplanned21.AsCommander-in-chiefonthearmedforces,Ihavedirectedthatallmeasures_____forourdefense.A)betakenB)wouldbetakenC)tobetakenD)hadbeentaken22.Theproject_____bytheendof2000,willexpandthecity’stelephonenetworktocover1,000,000users.A)beingaccomplishedB)tobeaccomplishedC)accomplishedD)havingbeenaccomplished23.Thosegiftsofrarebooksthatweregiventousweredeeply_____.A)appealedB)appreciatedC)appliedD)approved24.Itisessentialthattheseapplicationforms_____backasearlyaspossible.A)mustbesentB)willbesentC)besentD)aresent25.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper_____inbroaddaylightyesterday.A)robbedB)tohavebeenrobbedC)beingrobbedD)havingbeenrobbedIII.答案及详解1.C)题意：那棵树看上去似乎很长时间没给浇水了。解析：本题中主句的谓语动词是过去时，而且从句的谓语动词所示动作发生在主句动作之前，因此从句中的谓语动词必须用过去完成时。由于树是浇水动作的承受物，所以只能选择过去完成时的被动形式。2.A)题意：在你求职面试之后，还要参加一次语言测试。解析：在介词after后面应当用动名词。句子的主语是you，因此应当用被动形式。3.A)题意：约翰逊先生宁可有更重的活干。解析：动词prefer后接名词，动名词或动词不定式，表示宁可，更喜欢。由题意可知，此处应用被动语态。因此选A。4.B)题意：这幢灰色的建筑是工人们居住的地方，而那幢白色的建筑是机器零件的生产地。解析：从句中spareparts和produce是被动关系，因此只能选B5.A)题意：那个地方的工人经常一个多月后才能拿到工资。解析：由于workers和pay之间是被动关系，只能选A）。6.D)题意：当被责骂时，Michael总是显得既伤心又惊讶。解析：Michael与scold之间是被动关系，只有D）正确。7.D)题意：坦白地说，我宁愿你没有被卷入这个案子。解析：Wouldrather后要用虚拟语气表示与现在事实相反的假设。因此选D)。8.D)题意：每当马克违反交通规则时，他常常企图逃避罚款处分。解析：escape后接名词或动名词，不能接动词不定式。马克是罚款动作的承受者，因此选D。9.C)题意：建议在一切准备工作做好后再开始这一项目。解析：在demand,desire,insist,order,propose,recommend,request,suggest等的动词后，宾语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即动词原形。本题的结构是itis+这类动词的被动语态+that从句，that引导的是主语从句，这种主语从句中的谓语动词也要用虚拟语气，即动词原形或should+动词原形。项目不是动作的发出者，只能选C。10.C)题意：具有人工智能的第五代计算机目前正在开发和完善中。解析：句中develop和perfect是并列的两个谓语动词，动词perfect在句中用被动语态，与之并列作谓语的动词develop也应是被动语态。故只C)有正确。11.D)题意：78岁的丹尼斯爵士声明他将把他的许多收藏品留给国家。解析：从句中collection和leave的关系可知，此处应为不定式的被动语态。12.A)题意：这个房间杂乱不堪，可能还未清扫过。解析：由前一分句可知后应为一表示与之相反意思的猜测的句子。因此选[A]。13.C)题意：虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物，但他的许多见解今天受到了挑战，并且为现代科学家的工作所修正。解析：challenge是及物动词，在本句中应当是被动语态；其动作延续到今天，所以要用现在完成时态。14.A)题意：重要的是募集足够的钱，为这个项目提