2025年上海市高考英语热点复习：六选四句子还原之“三原则”快读巧解（下）

专题18句子还原六选四之“三原则”快读巧解（下）

目录

题型综述.........................................................................2

解题攻略.........................................................................3

题型01结构衔接题..............................................................3

题型02逻辑衔接题...............................................................4

题型03词汇衔接题.............................................

高考练场.........................................................................8

01题型综述

♦题型简介

六选四阅读文章一般以说明文和议论文为主,选文逻辑严密，结构严谨，突出对篇章结构的整体理解,侧重考查学生的逻辑

思维能力。设空题型分布以骰中为主，殿道和段尾为辅,以考查上下文逻辑关系为主，考查段落主题句为辅,间或考查段属

的结论概括性语句。六个备选项意义都与文章内容相关，有一定的干扰迷惑性。试卷主要依据句子在上下文中衔接情况

来命制，衔接手段分为三种：结构衔接，逻辑衔接，词汇衔接。

♦命题类型

＞观点句：常处于段落开头，用来明确提出该段落的核心主张，引领后续的论证阐述,为全段定下论述基调，例如“In

additiontoeconomicbenefits,thereisanothercrucialaspecttoconsider.”,旗帜鲜明开启新论述方向。

A细节支撑句：为已提出的论点补充事实依据，具体案例，统计数据，名人名言等内容，让抽象论点变得鲜活可感，增强说

服力。比如论点是“运动有益身心”，论据句可能列举长期运动人群的健康数据。

＞过渡衔接句:位于段落之间或段落内部，起到承上启下的关键作用，既总结上文关键要点,又自然流畅地开启下文新话

题，确保论证层层递进，环环相扣，就像“However,thesituationisfarfromperfect,andnewproblemshaveemerged.”,在

转折间推进论述。

＞总结句：常出现在段末，对全段论述内容进行扼要概括，再次强调论点,加深读者印象，或者对后续论证走向做含蓄铺

垫，女口"Inshort,weneedtotakeimmediateactiontoaddressthisissue."。

♦解题思路

•速览全文抓主旨：快速通读文章，尤其留意文章标题，首段以及每段首尾句，迅速提炼核心论点，明确文章围绕什么主

题，秉持什么立场在展开议论，为后续解题锚定大方向。

•分析空处位置定功能：若空缺处在段首，优先考虑论点句,要能提纲挈领，位于段中，大概率是衔接过渡或补充论据，要

是在段尾,多为总结收尾，或是抛出引出下段的悬念话题。

•找关键词匹配:仔细研读空缺处上下文,圈出关键实词，比对选项,找出与之匹配的词汇，像同义词，反义词,同类词，借助

语义关联锁定潜在答案，例如上文提及“environmentalprotection”,选项含“greeninitiatives”就值得关注。

•依循逻辑关系选：关注文中逻辑连接词，如表示并列的“and”“also”，转折的“but”“however”,因果的“so”“therefdre”

等，据此判断选项与上下文逻辑是否契合，使文章论证行云流水。

•代入通读核查：把选好的句子依次填入文中，完整通读一遍，检查文章整体语义连贯，逻辑通顺与否,如有语义跳跃，衔

接生硬的地方，需重新审视选项。

02解题攻略

＞考向一结构衔接题

句子衔接手段分为三种：结构衔接，逻辑衔接，词汇衔接。可按这几个原则判断空格与选项是否匹配。

1,结构衔接—根据空格的位置判断

1）若空格句出现在段首，则通常是段落主题句。

E3陶国

该句往往是对下面整个段落内容的概括和总结,反映整个段落的主旨和大意。读后文内容,锁定线索信号

词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。

典例剖析

（2025年浦东新区一模）

Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeused

onlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

A.Threedayslater,theysawaninterestingchainofevents.

B.Andheselectivelytreatedhiswoundandnotanyotherbodyparts.

C.Rakusmayhaveobservedhismotherdemonstratinghowtotreatwounds.

D.Laumerandcolleaguesdonotknowhoworwherethisbehaviororiginated.

E.Thefindingsmayprovideinsightsintotheevolutionofthisbehavioramonghumans.

F.Ifsthefirstreportofsuspectedwoundtreatmentbyawildanimalusingaplantwithknownmedicinal

properties.

Orangutantreatshiswoundwithamedicinalplant

（50）Perhapsheaccidentallytouchedawoundwhilefeedingonaplantandexperiencedits

（镇痛的）effects,causinghimtorepeatthebehavior.ItisalsopossiblethatRakuspreviouslylearnedthebehavior

fromotherorangutans,sinceyoungorangutansrelyonsociallearningtoacquiretheskillsnecessaryforadultlife.

（2024杨浦一模）

A.There911stillbetimeswhenoldthoughtscausesadness,oryou'reanxiousaboutwhafsnext.

B.Theusefulnessofnostalgiaseemstovarywithage.

C.Todaywehaveamuchmorepositiveattitudetonostalgia.

D.You'llgetfasteratfindingit,andaddextralayersofdetaileachtime.

E.Theanswerliesinconnectingwithyourpastandfutureselves.

F.Butthere5salsoagrowingbodyofresearchintotimetravelcutheotherway”.

（70）Butthemoreyoulearntocontrolyourmemory,thebetteryou'llbeatminingyourpast,

andshapingyourfuture,tobeyourbestselfnow.

2）若空格句在段尾,则多属总结本段内容的总结句或引出下一段内容的过渡句。

目目目困

A：在选项中看能否找到对前文整段的总结句。如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出

来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。段尾通常是结论,概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果，结论，

总结等的信号词，如therefore,asaresult,thus,hence,inshort,tosumup,toconclude,inaword等词语,选

项中也可发现前文的同义词句。

B：与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句,看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接

起来。分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折，对比的关联词，同时注意选

项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立,对比关系。如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读,看

此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题。

典例剖析

（2025年徐汇一模）

Thepowerofplacebo（安慰剂）

Thepoweroftheplaceboeffectopensupanexcitingopportunitytoexplorenewavenues.Thoughwemaynotfullygrasp

howtheplaceboeffectswork,onethingisclea亡ourmindshaveanamazingabilitytoshapenotonlyourthoughtsbutalsoour

physicalhealth.50

（2024黄埔一模）

A.DoIevenwantthem?Onwhoseclock?

B.Whyshouldyouchallengethatsecrettimelineofmilestonesinyourhead?

C.Thistime,quittingherjobledtoherfirstalbum,televisionappearancesandsold-outshows.

D.Insteadoffeelingpressuretohitlifeeventsonsomeoneelse'stimeline,maybeit'sfinetomakeourown.

E.Peoplearefeelinglikethey'refallingbehind,wheninfactthey'reprobablydoingexactlywhattheyshould.

EShespentyearsfeelinglikeanoutsiderandfailureasshewatchedherpeersriseinschoolandwork,figuring

she'dnevercatchup.

“Yougotocollegerightoutofhighschool.Thafstherule,right?^^saysNikkiIvey,asalestrainerandconsultantoutside

Jacksonville,Fla.However,it'snotthecaseforher.Actually,shegotherundergraduatedegreeat28._67_

（2024虹口一模）

Mostofusdomultitaskingalmostdaily.Butit'stimetochangethat.Yourattentionisalreadybeingpulledinmillionsof

directionsdaily,soyoureallydon'tneedtoaddmultitaskingtothelist.Lefstakethesmartphoneforexample.Onaverageyou

checkyourphone110timesaday-thatmeansyou'respending23dayseveryyeargluedtoyoursmartphone!How

productivedoyouthinkthatmakesyou?___47___.

Butit'shardtoletgoofthesehabitsbecauseyou'veconditionedyourbraintosendmisleadingsignalstoyourbody.

Researchhasshownthatwhenyoumultitask"successfully”,youactivatetherewardmechanisminyourbrainthatreleases

dopamine,thehappyhormone.

A.Focusontheonethingyouaredoing.

B.Habitslikethesewhichencourageyoutomultitaskmakeyoumentallyexhaustedandunproductive.

C.Makesurethatyoualsotakebreaksinyourmonotasking,becausethat'swhathelpsyourbraintostayfocused.

D.Soifsawin-winforeveryone!

E.Thelittleinformationwedotakeinwhenwe*remultitaskingismoredifficulttorememberatalaterstage.

F.Youfeelsogoodthatyoubelieveyou'rebeingeffectiveandfurtherencouragesyourmultitaskinghabit.

3）若空格句在段中,则需根据空格前后的句子内容及逻辑关系来确定答案。

因图同

段中设空主要考查上下文的逻辑关系。有时会出现衔接词汇或短语结构,这些词汇和短语结构在文章中

起到提示逻辑关系的作用，是解题时需要重点关注的部分。考生应对常用的逻辑关系了然于心。

典例剖析

（2025年普陀区一模）

Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeused

onlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

A.However,itisnotacomparisonthatthe11-year-oldisparticularlykeenon.

B.Interestingly,itwasoftenduringunexpectedmomentsthatabeautifulmelodysuddenlycametoher.

C.Deutschefsmostambitiousworkhasenabledtheaudiencetoseehertalent.

D.Insteadoftheglassslipperofthefairytale,theprincelooksforalostmelodyhecannotquiteremember.

E.TheworkreinventedtheCinderellafairytaletobesetinanoperahouseruledbyameanstepmother.

F.Shenevergotnervousonstage,asshewasjusthappythatpeoplewantedtolistentohermusic.

LittleMissMozart

An11-year-oldBritishcomposerearnedcomparisonswithMozartafterheroperaopenedinViennatoenthusiasticapplause.

AlmaDeutscher,wholivedinSurreywithherparents,wasalreadyworld-famousasa

violinistandpianistbeforeherfirstfull-lengthoperamadeitsfirstperformanceontheAustrianstage.

ConductorSimonRattledeclaredhewas"absolutelybowledover”whenhefirstsawherperform,butitwasStephenFry

whofirstpredictedthatDeutschercouldbethisgeneration'sMozart,afterwatchingavideoofherperformingonline.

50Shesaid,nIloveMozartverymuch.He'sprobablymyfavouritecomposer,butIdon*treallylikeitwhenpeoplecall

meLittleMissMozart'becauseIdon'tlikebeingcalled'little*.Tmverybig,andsecondly,ifIjustwroteeverythingMozart

wroteagainitwouldbeboring."

（2024长宁一模）

A.Itwillnotbelongbeforehe'sbackinprisonagain.

B.We'reallrelievedthatthecriminalisbeingpunishedfbrhismisdeeds.

C.Communityserviceislikelytoturnprisonersintobetterpersons.

D.Offendersaretriedandsentencedaccordingtothelegalsystem.

E.Thethreatofanotherspellinjailwillstophimfrombreakingthelawagain.

F.Putthemoneyintosupportingdeprivedareaswhicharethegroundsforcrime.

Butwhathappensnext?Weallhopetheprisonerwillbenefitfromsociety'sretribution.Aspell（一阵子）inprisonwillreform

himandmakehimabetterperson.Weallhopehe'llreformandbecomelikeus.Weallhopethatwhenheiseventuallyreleased,

hewillbeagoodcharacter.68But,lefsfaceit.Therealityisusuallyverydifferent.

Theprisonermaybereleasedonparole（假释）beforetheendofhissentence.Hewilltrytore-entersociety.Butthenheoften

becomesavictimhimself,unabletofindworkandisrejectedbysociety.

＞考向二逻辑衔接题

2,逻辑衔接——根据前后文逻辑笑蒜厮

回国陶画

1）因果关系（Eg:Asaresult/thus/therefore/so（such）...）

因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等

情况。

2）转折关系（Eg:However/nevertheless/nonetheless/though/yet/inspiteof/onthecontrary/incontrast

/bycontrast/incomparison/otherwise/not...but）

转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，

则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。

3）并列关系（Eg:first/second/third/tobeginwith/toconclude）

并列关系主要指前后的句子间是平等的关系，可以互换位置。

4）递进关系（Eg:also/furthermore/similarly/moreover/inaddition/whafsmore）

递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进

关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。

5）例证关系（Eg:suchas/forexamples/Oneoftheexamplesis...）

前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例

子，类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理

（从观点到例子）。

典例剖析

（2025年杨浦一模）

DislikingVegetablesCanRuboffonOthers

Aresearchteamsetaboutinvestigatinghowthefacialexpressionsthatpeoplemakeastheyeataffectapersonwatching

them.Theyaskedmorethan200womentowatchvideosofotheradultseatingrawbroccoli.Thepeopleinthevideoswouldhave

differentexpressionswhileeating.Theywouldsmile,lookneutralorlooksickenedbywhattheyweretasting.Thestudyfound

thatwatchingpeoplereactwithstrongdisliketothebroccolireducedhowmuchthewomenlikedit.___48___

Humanslearnwhichbehaviourswillbenefitthem,includingeating,bywatchingthereactionsofothers.49Scientists

thinkthatpeoplemightavoidfoodthatappearssickeningbecauseitcouldhelptoprotectthemfromeatingsomethingthattastes

badorcouldbedangerous.

A.Apreviousstudyfoundthatchildrenbetweentheagesoffourandsixyearsoldweremorelikelytoeatbroccoliif

they'dseenvideoclipsofadultsenjoyingit.

B.However,apositivefacialexpressiondidn'tmakethemlikebroccolimore.

C.Infact,theimpactofobservingotherseatextendsbeyondsimplydiningmanners.

D.Thisisknownassocialmodelling,anditisastronginfluenceonpeople'seatinghabits.

E.Anewstudyhasfoundthatotherpeople'slikesanddislikescouldplayapart.

F.Thisphenomenon,oftenreferredtoassocialinfluence,highlightshowoureatingbehaviorsarenotshapedby

（2025年静安一模）

Thepersonprocrastinatingusuallydoessodespiteknowingthatthetaskisimportantorvaluabletothemorothers,andthat

puttingitoffcouldberiskytothemorothers.Bigprojectsmaybringoverpoweringfeelingswhicharelikelytoleadto

procrastination.48Answeringanordinaryemailfromwork,forexample,maybringinstantdiscomfort,sotheurgeto

escapesuchnegativeemotiondefeatsone'sdutytocompletethedailytask.

A.Butthatdoesn'tmeanyou'restuckandthafswhoyouare.

B.Procrastinationbecomesaneasyand'dirty'wayofreactionwhenyourhandlingresourcesaremaxedout.

C.Chancesarethatyouwillfindyourselfsupportedbyprocrastinationallalong.

D.Itisn'tcausedbytheperson'sneedtoprioritizeothertasksorbyanunexpectedemergency.

E.Youwillbecomeincreasinglyfrustratedwithyourselffornotgettingthetaskdone.

F.However,thethreatcanalsocomefromsomethingtiny.

（2024徐汇一模）

InLosAngelesin2015,only33percentofyouthslivedwithinwalkingdistanceofapark,accordingtotheL.A.

NeighborhoodLandTrust.Lower-incomeneighborhoodstendtohavethefewestpublicplayspaces,despiteoftenhavinga

highpopulationdensity.___70___

A.Movingmoremaynotpreventachildfrombecomingoverweight,butstudiesshowclearlythatithelpsboth

physicalandmentalhealth.

B.Andalthoughruralareashavemoreundevelopedoutdoorspace,theyoftenlackplaygrounds,tracksandexercise

facilities

C.Alackofsafeplacesforthemtoplayoutsidethehomealsocontributestokidsobesity.

D.Italsosuggestedprescribingweight-lossdrugstochildren12andolderandsurgerytoteens13andolder.

E.Increasedscreentimeandchangingnormsaroundlettingkidsplayoutdoorsareunsupervised.

F.Theyhavesignificantsideeffectsforbothkidsandadults.

＞考向三词汇衔接题

3,词汇衔接——从词汇关系上判断

国目困

1）代词

英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的

指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。例如it可指代单数名词或整个句子,they或

them指代复数名词,one指代单数可数名词,that指代不可数名词或句子,this指代单数名词或句子;these

或those指代前句的复数名词。

2）词汇复现/同义词/反义词

英语前言后语之间往往有同义词,近义词，近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很

好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同

义/近义词。

3）同一范畴词（上下义词）

上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者,或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特

殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一

般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。

典例剖析

（2025年静安一模）

Thecomingofanewyearmarksafreshstartandmotivatesmanypeopletobreakbadhabits.Someareeasiertoshakethan

others.However,thetendencytoprocrastinateisamongthestickiest.Whetherifsfinishingapieceofwork,sendinganemailor

goingforarun,sometaskscanbecomeunconquerable.Theeasiestwaytodealwiththesetasksistoputthemoffuntillateror

neveratall.It'sprocrastination.Itisaspecificformofdelaythatisbothunnecessaryandvoluntary.47____Atitsheart,

procrastinationisaboutavoidance.Ratherthanthetaskitself,it'softentheemotionsattachedtoanactivitythatcausepeopleto

pause.Handlingthefirstlinesofacollegeessaymaybringupfeelingsofself-doubt,forexample.Whenyou'refacedwitha

broadquestionortopictowriteabout,thelackofclearinstructionscanproduceafearofnotgettingitrightorofwhatmight

happenifyougetitwrong.

A.Butthatdoesn'tmeanyou'restuckandthafswhoyouare.

B.Procrastinationbecomesaneasyand'dirty'wayofreactionwhenyourhandlingresourcesaremaxedout.

C.Chancesarethatyouwillfindyourselfsupportedbyprocrastinationallalong.

D.Itisn'tcausedbytheperson'sneedtoprioritizeothertasksorbyanunexpectedemergency.

E.Youwillbecomeincreasinglyfrustratedwithyourselffornotgettingthetaskdone.

F.However,thethreatcanalsocomefromsomethingtiny.

（2025年奉贤一模）

RattingonCrimes

___50___Theywillbearmedwithcustom-madevests（马甲）.Withtheirfrontpaws,theywillbeabletopullasmallball

attachedtothechestoftheirvest,whichgivesoutabeepingsound.Thiswayratswillbeabletoalerthandlerswhentheydetecta

target.Oncefullytrainedandprepared,thesegiantratscouldbecomeillegalhunters*worstenemy.

A.Previously,they'vetrainedpacksofheroratstodetectdangerousbacteria.

B.Thentheywereintroducedtocommonscentsusedtomaskillegalwildlifetrade.

C.Thiseffortaimstoprovidealow-costdetectionsystemtopreventillegalhunting.

D.However,thereareconcernsthattheratsmightbedistractedbysomecommonscents.

E.Existingscreeningtoolsareexpensiveandtimeintensive,necessitatinganewapproach.

F.Forthispurpose,thesetrainedratswillbeexpectedtoworkinlikelyhotspotsforillegalwildlifetrade.

（2024闵行一模）

48Onerespondentbelievesthereisnotrueemotionalbondingwithoutsmellingalovedone.Infantsrecognize

theirmothers5odourssoonafterbirth.Individualswereabletodistinguishbythesmellaloneclothingwornbytheirpartners

fromsimilarclothingwornbyotherpeople.

A.Odoursarealsoessentialsignalsinsocialbonding.

B.Besides,odoursaregranteddifferentculturalvalues.

C.Human'sperceptionofsmellfacilitatesthespreadofhumanculture.

D.Ournosescanperceiveodourspresentinextremelysmallquantities.

E.Manyrespondentsnotedmanyoftheirolfactorylikesanddislikeswerebasedonemotionallinks.

F.Somerespondents5preferenceforaparticularodourwasinfluencedbyemotionalassociations.

03高考练场

A

【来源】上海市同济大学第一附属中学2023-2024学年高三上学期10月考试英语试卷

Fearisgood;inemergencies,itenablesustofightorflee.Butoftenwegetscaredatthewrongtime-whenwesteponto

thefieldforabigsoccergameoruptothemicrophoneatalargetownmeeting.Professionalathletesandactorssaysome

nervousnesshelpthemconcentratebetter.But,whenperformanceanxietyistoopowerful,itunderminesourefforts;aviolinist

cannotfindthecorrectnotes,amanagerinameetingforgetsallthetalkingpoints.17.

Thehumananxietyreactionbeginsalmostautomaticallyandincludesclearphysiologicalsymptoms;aracingheart,

sweating,stomachpains.Somepeoplehavetroublebreathingorfeelfaint.Thusalarmed,victimsmaywithdrawinto

themselvesorshockothersaroundthemwithaggressiveoutbursts.Iftheneedtoperformisaregularrequirement,theymay

sufferfromnightmaresorfallintodepression.18Studiesrevealthatanxiety-plaguedexecutivesarelessabletoapply

logicalintelligenceonstandardteststhancalmercolleagues

19YetpsychologistDouglasH.PowellofHarvardMedicalSchoolisconvincedthatseverestagefrightisa

phenomenonuntoitself,giventhatitappearsinonlycertainwell-definedsituations.Sociophobes（社恐的人）,incontrast,

suffermerelywhenothersarepresent.Whereaspeoplewithsocialphobiasfearthenegativefeelingsofothers,thoseswith

performanceanxietyaretheirownharshestcritics.Theyareperfectionistsandwouldrathercancelanappearance-oravoidit

一thannotmeettheirownstandardsand,byextension,notbeabletodemonstratehowgoodtheyare.

Thisdestructivestyleofthinkingoftenarisesfromalackofself-esteem.20Previousbadexperiencescanbea

trigger-anembarrassingexperienceinaschoolplayorasinglefailedtestcansometimesarousesuchstrongfeelingsof

shameinyoungstersthatasadultstheywillavoidanyremotelysimilarundertaking.

A.Sometherapistsutilizetechniquesthatactagainstthephysicalsymptomsoffear.

B.Survivalmaynothanginthebalance,butsocial,professionalorfinancialsuccesscanseemtobeingravedanger.

C.Allthesesymptomseatawayattheveryresourcesneededtorisetotheoccasion:steadyhands,clearmemoryandacool

head.

D.Theindividualbeginsbyimaginingfailure,workshimselforherselfintoastateandthencriticizeshisorherownabilities.

E.AtHarvard,Powellfoundthatfacinganxietycanbeahardtask,butmanytimesthefeararisesfromcompletelycontrollable

preconditions.

F.Becauseperformanceanxietyariseswhenotherpeoplearepresent,manypsychologistsbelievethattheconditionisa

sub-categoryofsocialanxiety.

B

【来源】上海市进才中学2023-2024学年高三上学期9月阶段性测试英语试卷

WhyWeHatetheFeelingofFailureandHowItAffectsUs

Lossaversionistheideathatapotentiallosshasgreaterweightinaperson*smindthanthepossiblegain.Peopleseekto

avoidfailureandthenegativefeelingstheyexpectwillcomefromsuchaloss.

21.Marketerswanttounderstandtheemotionssurroundinglosssotheycanwordadvertisementsinawaythat

promptsconsumerstofeeltheyneedtobuyaproducttoavoidnegativefeelings.

Morerecently,socialscientistshaveturnedtheirattentontohowlossaversioncanhinderpeoplefromperformingintheir

dailylives.22

Sportsandathleticperformancewasoneofthefirstareasoffocus.AstudyinMay2023lookedathowadultathleteswere

hinderedbyafearoffailure.Itfoundthatathleteswhofearedfailuretendedtoapproachanathleticeventandappraise（评估）it

forpotentiallosses.

Lossesweren'tjustrelatedtothefinalnumbersonthescoreboard.Rather,someathletesapproachedapracticeoragame

andsawitasapotentialtoperformpoorlyandlosestandingwiththeircoach,teammatesorfellowathletes.23Scholars

arealsoconsideringhowafearoffailureimpactsacademics.Ina2015article,researchersconductedameta-analysisof33

studiesthatmeasuredtherelationshipbetweenprocrastinationandacademicperformance.

Notsurprisingly,procrastinationwasshowntodecreaseacademicperformance.24.Rather,thistypeofI'll-getto-it

latermentalitywasalossaversionstrategy.Whenastudentdidn'tfeelconfidentorcompetentincompletingatask,whetherit

waswritinganessayorstudyingforanexam,theyprocrastinatedtodelayfeelinglikeafailure.

Whileourfearoflossmayimpactourmindsetandwhetherornotwepursuesomethingnew,ifweletthatfeartakehold,

thenwe'vealreadylost.Therefor,don'tletfearoffailurekeepyoufromtryingsomethingnew.

A.Researchershaveexaminedhowfearoffailurecanleadto-procrastination.

B.Thelosswasseenashumiliatingandsomethingtheathletefearedorwantedtoavoid.

C.Researchhasfoundthisfearoffailuredrivespeopletostoppursuingtheirpassions.

D.However,thestudyfoundthatitwasn'tduetostudentsprioritizingtheirsociallifeorNetflixqueue.

E.Doubthaskilledtheirdreamsthanfailureeverwill

F.Lossaversionhaslongbeenusedtostudyconsumerpsychology.

C

【来源】上海市2022-2023学年高三下学期“六校联合教研”质量调研英语试卷

Shouldyoulistentomusicwhenyouwork?

Doyouliketolistentomusicwhenyouwork?

Posethisquestionataparty,andyou'1probablygetsomepolarizingresponses.Somewillsaytheyloveit,claimingthatit

improvestheirperformance;otherswillsaytheyfinditdistractingandcannotworkeffectivelywithmusicplayinginthe

background.

Interestinglyenough,ourresearchhasfoundthatbothoftheseperspectivescanbetrue.25

Inarecentstudy,webroughtparticipantsintoourlabtoperformavarietyoftasks.Theyincludedaneasytask-searching

throughwordlistsandcrossingoutwordscontainingtheletter"a"andamoredifficulttask-memorizingwordpairsand

recallingthepartnertoeachword.Someparticipantscompletedallofthetasksinsilence,whereasotherscompletedthetasks

withinstrumentalmusicthatwaseitherloudorsoft,andeithersimpleorcomplex,thelattermeaningmusicwithmore

instrumentaltracks.Severalkeyfindingsemergedfromourstudy.

Wefoundthatparticipantswholistenedtosimplemusicornomusicperformedaboutthesameontheeasytask.26

Converselyparticipantsperformedworseonthemoredifficulttaskwhentheylistenedtoanymusic,regardlessof

complexityorvolume,comparedtothosewhodidn'tlistentoanymusic.

Whatshouldwemakeofthesefindings?

Wesuggestthatpeoplehavelimitedmentalresourcesfromwhichbothmusicandtaskscandraw.27Butwealso

canbecomeoverstimulatedanddistractedwhentheseresourcesareoverwhelmed.

Notsurprisingly,wetypicallyneedtousefewerofourmentalresourceswhenweperformeasytasks,whereasdemanding

tasksrequiremorebrainpower.However,becausewemightbelessengagedduringeasiertasks,there9sagreaterriskofdrifting

off.Musicmightgiveustheextraboostweneedtoplowthroughthemonotony（单调）.28Listeningtomusiccan

becomeoverkill.

Sooptimalperformanceshouldoccurwhenwestrikea"sweetspot,“whichmaydependonthetypeofmusicandthetype

oftask.

A.Itjustdependsonwhatsortofworkyou'redoing.

B.However,difficulttasksalreadydemandalotofourresources.

C.However,participantswholistenedtocomplexmusicperformedbestontheeasytask.

D.Ourresearchfindingssuggestthattheeffectsofmusicmayalsodependonourpersonalities.

E.Wecanbecomeboredandourmindsmaywanderwhentheseresourcesareunderutilized.

F.Itcanactuallybehelpfultoputonsomemusicwhenyouworkonsomethingeasyandrepetitive.

变型遒

A

【来源】上海市育才中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期末英语试卷

Moderncomputertechnologyhasmadeanewkindofhumanrelationshippossible:onlinefriendship.]Are

onlinefriendshipsasbeneficialasface-to-facefriendships?Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofhavingvirtualfriends?

Canpeopleformstrongbondsonline?Todaythesequestionsarethesubjectoflivelydebate.

SomepeoplebelievethattheInternetisthebestwaytomakenewfriends.Ifsconvenient,ifsfast,anditallowsmaking

contactwithdifferentkindsofpeoplefromallovertheworld.Whenyouusesocialnetworking,websitesandchatrooms,you

caneasilyfindpeoplewithinterestsandhobbiessimilartoyours.Informationupdatesandphotosaddtotheexperience.

MakingfriendsontheInternetisespeciallygoodforshypeoplewhofeeluncomfortableinsocialsituations.Ifsofteneasierto

sharethoughtsandfeelingsonline.2