2025届福建省龙岩市高三下学期3月教学质量检测英语试题

2025届福建省龙岩市高三下学期3月教学质量检测英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解TheBestThingstoDoinFourUSStatesin2025IowaTheSurfBallroomisahistory-richvenuethat’splayedhosttomusiclegendslikeBuddyHolly.AllthatheritageiscelebratedannuallywiththeWinterDancePartythatcelebratesthestarsoftheBallroom’sgoldenage.TobeopenedinJuly,anewMusicEnrichmentandImmersiveCenterwilltakeadeepdiveintothissliceofmusicalhistory.NorthCarolinaDurhamhassomethingextrafor2025.ThenewBiscuits&Banjosfestivalwillleanintotheregion’smusicalheritage,whosetraditionsincludejazz,bluesandbluegrass.It’sthevisionofRhiannonGiddensandwilltakeplaceacrossurbanvenuesincludingthehistoricCarolinaTheatre.TennesseeFewplacesaremoreboundupwithElvisPresleythanMemphis,wheretherockerlivedformostofhisadultlife.Nosurprisethatthecitywillbe“allshookup”withcelebrationsforwhatwouldhavebeenPresley’s90thbirthday.ThingswillkickoffinJanuarywithlivemusicandthemedtours.Ifyoucan’tmakeitfortheJanuarycelebrations,theElvis90for90Exhibit,tellingtheKing’sstorythrough90ofhispersonaleffects,willlastallyear.VirginiaBristolwasthehostofthe“BristolSessions”—thosesessionsareoftencalledthe“bigbang”ofcountrymusic.TodaythepopularBristolRhythm&RootsReunionfestivaldrawsinternationalAmericanamusicfans.Rentacartoexploremoreofaheritagetrailthatjoinsupthemuseumsandhistoricvenuestellingthestate’smusicalstory.1．Whicheventistoexplorethelocalmusicaltraditions?A．TheWinterDanceParty. B．TheElvis90for90Exhibit.C．ThenewBiscuits&Banjosfestival. D．TheBristolRhythm&RootsReunionfestival.2．WhatisspecialaboutBristol?A．Ithousesjazzbands. B．Ithostsmusiclegends.C．It’scountrymusic’sbirthplace. D．Itfeaturessessionsofpopularmusic.3．Whoisthetextmorelikelyintendedfor?A．Music-lovingvisitors. B．Musiccomposers.C．Historymessengers. D．Travelagents.English-languageeditionsoftwoentertainingandinsightfulnovels,CatCountryandMrMaandSon,writtenbyoneofChina’smostaccomplishednovelists,thelateLaoShe,willsoonbeonbookshelvesaroundthecountry.CatCountry,arguablyChina’sfirstventureintothefieldofsciencefiction,centersaroundaspacetravelerfromChinawhocrash-landsonanalienplanet,wherehediscoversacountryinhabitedentirelybyCatPeople.PulitzerPrize-winningjournalistandliterarycriticIanJohnsonsaysinthebook’sintroduction,LaoShestretcheshimselffurtherthanever,producingoneofthemostremarkable,complicatedandinsightfulnovelsofmodernChina.Thesarcastic(讽刺的)humorandmetaphoricalwritingarebelievedtobeinfluencedbythelateauthor’searlyexperiencesinLondon.LaoShetaughtChineseattheUniversityofLondon’sSchoolofOrientalStudiesfrom1924to1929,atimewhentheBritishstillviewedChinaandtheChinesewithstrongmixtureofdistrust,dismissiveness,guiltandfearaftertwoopiumwarsandtheBoxerRebellion(1900).ItwastherethathebeganhiscareerasawriterofpatrioticbutcomplexfictionsaboutcontemporaryChina,writesUniversityofLondon’sseniorChineseliteraturelecturerJuliaLovellintheintroductionofMrMaandSon,whocallsit“thefirstChinesenoveltofacedirectlyBritishracismtowardChina”.BasedonLaoShe’sLondonexperiences,thenoveldisplaystheMas’attemptstodealwiththedeeplyrootedculturalmisconceptionsby1920sEnglishsocietyaftertheymovetheretorunanantiquesshop.AstheygoaboutbuildingtheirnewlivesinLondonandstrivingtomaintainasenseofculturalself,theirownrelationshipsaretested.“Wefeltthatthesetwobooksofferafascinatinginsightintohowheworksandthinks,exploringChina’splaceintheworldandChina’sself-imagethroughevocative(唤起感情的)andbeautifulwritingthatisasrelevanttodayasitwaswhenitwasfirstwritteninthe1930s,”saysJoLusby,managingdirectorofPenguinChina.4．WhatdoesCatCountrystandasinChina’ssciencefiction?A．Apeak. B．Aturningpoint. C．Amiracle. D．Apilot.5．WhatdidLaoShe’sLondonexperiencecontributeto?A．Hiswritingstyle. B．Hiscareerasateacher.C．Hissenseoffamilyunity. D．HisprejudicetotheBritish.6．WhatmessageismainlyconveyedinMr.MaandSonaccordingtothetext?A．Businesschallenges. B．Cross-culturalconflicts.C．Tightbondsinfamily. D．ThebackwardnessofChina.7．InJoLusby’seyes,thetwobooks_______.A．highlightChina’ssocialconflicts B．establishLaoShe’sstatusinliteratureC．deepenLaoShe’sunderstandingofauthoring D．provideanangletolookintoChina’sidentityWinstonChurchilloncesaid,“Successconsistsofgoingfromfailuretofailurewithoutlossofenthusiasm.”It’soneofcountlessplatitudesclaimingthatfailureleadstosuccess.Butthere’sstrongevidencethatsuchaconceptiswrongheadedandcanleadtoterriblereal-worldconsequences,researcherssaidinanewreport.Infact,manypeopledonotlearnfromtheirfailures,andit’sstupidtoexpectotherwise,accordingtofindingspublishedJune10intheJournalofExperimentalPsychology:General.“Peopleoftenconfusewhatiswithwhatoughttobe,”leadresearcherLaurenEskreis-Winkler,anassistantprofessorofmanagementandorganizationsatNorthwesternUniversity,saidinanewsrelease.“Peopleoughttopayattentionandlearnfromfailure,butoftentheydon’tbecausefailureisdemotivatingandself-threatening.”Aseriesof11experimentsinvolvingmorethan1,800participantsfoundthatpeopleoftendon’tgainwisdomfromfailure,andthatexpectingthemtodosocanhavepotentiallyterribleconsequences:Peoplevastlyoverestimatedthepercentageofprospectivenurses,lawyersandteacherswhopasslicensingexamsafterpreviouslyfailingthem.Nursestendedtooverestimatehowmuchcolleagueswouldlearnfromapasterror.Peopleassumedthatheartpatientswouldembraceahealthierlifestyle,whenmanydon’t.“Peopleexpectsuccesstofollowfailuremuchmoreoftenthanitactuallydoes,”Eskreis-Winklersaid.“Peopleusuallyassumethatpastbehaviorpredictsfuturebehavior,soit’ssurprisingthatweoftenbelievetheoppositewhenitcomestosucceedingafterfailure.”Tellingpeopletheywillsucceedafterfailuremightreducethepainofafailure,butthatwayofthinkingwon’tnaturallyturnintopeoplelearningalesson,researcherssaid.Ontheotherhand,peoplecanadjusttheirexpectationsofotherswhengivenmoreinformationabouthowlittlefailureactuallybringsgoodresults.Experimentsfoundpeopleweremoreinfavoroftaxpayermoneybeingusedforrecoveryanddrugtreatmentprogramswhentheylearnedaboutthelowratesofsuccessforpeopleusingthoseprograms.“Correctingourwrongbeliefsaboutfailurecouldhelpmovetaxpayerdollarsfrompunishmenttorecoveryandimprovement,”Eskreis-Winklersaid.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“platitudes”inParagrah1probablymean?A．Worn-outsayings. B．Confirmedprinciples. C．Convincingexamples. D．Commonstatements.9．Whatwillassumingsuccessafterfailurebringabout?A．Highersuccessrate. B．Norepetitionofmistakes.C．Variednegativeemotions. D．Overoptimismaboutresults.10．Whichofthefollowingcaseswilltheauthorapproveof?A．Beingpassiveaboutanintenserelationship.B．Loweringexpectationsofsmokersafterquit-failures.C．Convincingthestudentsatestfailureisunimportant.D．Expectingemployeestolearnmorefromworkfailure.11．Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A．BravingFailuresForSuccess B．TrackingFailure-SuccessInterplayC．Failures’BenefitsMightBeOverrated D．SuccessGoesHandInHandWithFailureAsleavesfall,snowsweepsinorflowersblossom,humanschangeinmeasurableways,too.Researchsuggestsarangeofpsychologicalphenomena—suchasouremotionalstate,dietandexercisehabits,andevencolorpreferences—swingthroughouttheyear.AndnowastudyintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesUSAdemonstrateshowmoralvaluescanalsoshift.Forthestudy,researchersanalyzedmorethan230,000onlinesurveyresponses—adecade’sworth—frompeopleintheU.S.Thequestionswerebasedonastandardizedframeworksocialscientistsusetoassesspeople’sjudgmentsofrightandwrong.Thisframework,calledmoralfoundationstheory,setsupataxonomy(分类学)of“fiveprettyfundamentalvaluesthatshapehumansocialbehavior,”saysleadauthorIanHohm,apsychologygraduatestudentattheUniversityofBritishColumbia.Theframeworkconsidersloyalty,authority,andpuritytobe“binding”(有约束力的)valuesthatpromotegroupunityandobservance.Theseprinciples,oftenassociatedwithpoliticalconservatism,consistentlyreceivedweakerrecognitioninsummerandwinter.Andinsummer,themoreextremetheseasonalweatherdifferences,themorepronouncedtheeffect.Careandfairnessareconsidered“individualizing”valuesrelatedtoindividualrights.Theseprinciplesshowednoconsistentseasonalpattern.Oneexplanationforseasonalswingscouldbeanxiety.Usinga90,000-respondentsurveydataset,aswellasdataonInternetsearchfrequencies,theresearchersfoundthatanxietylevelsalsopeakinspringandfall.“Thereisacloserelationshipbetweenanxietyandthreat,”saysUniversityofNottinghampsychologistandstudycoauthorBrianO’Shea.Otherstudieshaveshownthatpeoplewhoareathigherriskofseasonalillnessestendtobemoredistrustfulandmorelikelytofollowmajorityopinion.“Whenyou’rethreatened,”O’Sheaexplains,“youthenwanttogetprotectionfromyourgroup.”Thesefindingssuggestseasonaltimingcouldaffectjury(陪审团)decisions,vaccinationcampaigns—andevenelectionoutcomes,thestudyauthorssay.HowardUniversitypsychologistIvoryA．Toldsonnotesthatthestudyreliesondatafrom“western,educated,industrialized,richanddemocratic(WEIRD)”populationsandcautionsthatgeneralizingfromsuchresultsrunstheriskof“overlookingtheuniquemoralexperiencesofmarginalized(边缘化的)groups.”IanHohmagreesthatsuchapatternwouldn’taffecteveryonethesamewaybutemphasizesthatthestudyhighlightstheseasons’effectonhumanpsychology.12．Whatdidtheresearchersdointhestudy?A．Theyexaminedpeople’sdigitalfeedback. B．Theyevaluatednetizens’socialbehavior.C．Theysetupascientificmoralframework. D．Theycategorizeddifferentvaluepatterns.13．Whichbehaviorismostcloselyrelatedtoseasonalanxietypeaks?A．Safeguardingindividualrights. B．Seekingin-groupprotection.C．Beingfaithfultoone’steam. D．Makingreliabledecisions.14．WhatcanbeinferredfromIvoryA．Toldson’swords?A．Thestudyoveremphasizesdatafromthewest. B．Thesurveyshouldcoveralargerrangeofsubjects.C．Humansareseasonalbeingswithvariedbehaviors. D．Ignoringtheresearchofsidelinedgroupsisrisky.15．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Thechangesinnatureandhumans. B．Moralvaluesvaryfrompersontoperson.C．Valuesmayshiftwiththetimeoftheyear. D．Theimpactofseasonsonone’smentalhealth.There’sahugedifferencebetweenouterbeautyandinnerbeauty,andbothofthemhavetheirplace.Inouryouth-drivenculture,externalattractivenessisoftenputattheforefrontofdesirabilityinothers.16.Let’stakealookatsometruthsaboutinnerbeautyvsouterbeauty.●17Physicalbeautyvariesgreatlyamongindividuals,withdifferentpeoplefindingdifferentfeaturesattractive.Incontrast,innerbeautyisoftenwidelyappreciated.TakePrincessDiana,forexample.Whileopinionsonherphysicalattractivenessdiffered,everyonewasimpressedbyherwillingnesstohelpothers.●Largelyuncontrollableouterbeauty,cultivableinnerbeautyOuterbeautycanbeachievedwithmoneythroughplasticsurgery,makeup,hairdye,exercise,andwardrobeadjustments.18.Youcanreadandeducateyourselfinallmannerofdifferentsubjectsforfreevialibraries,onlinevideos,oracademicresources.Gettinginvolvedincharitableworksornonprofitorganizationsisanothergreatwaytogetthatinnerbeautygrowing.Agivingheartandsincerecareforothersaretwounparalleledqualities.19.●Traits(特征)thatpeoplelovemostWhenaskedwhattraitstheymostlookforinacoupleoralifepartner,thevastmajorityofpeoplenamethingsthathaveabsolutelynothingtodowithouterbeauty.Someofthetopresponsesthatmaketheaveragelistarethefollowing:kindness,loyalty,agoodsenseofhumor,trustworthiness,asupportivenature,generosity,integrity,understandingandcompassion.20.Theycoexistinacomplex,beautifuldancethatvariesfrompersontoperson.Truebeautysurpassesappearance,rootedinthehumanspirit.Itissubjectiveandcherishedforwhoweare,nothowwelook.A．Greatouterbeauty,strikinginnerbeautyB．However,innerbeautycanbeearnedeffortlesslyC．Subjectiveouterbeauty,universallyvisibleinnerbeautyD．Incontrast,youdon’tneedacenttocultivateinnerbeautyE．Yet,weoftenadorethepeoplemostfortheirpersonalitytraitsF．InnerbeautyandouterbeautyarenotenemiesbutcompanionsG．Evenbetter,theycanbedevelopedbyanyoneinanycircumstances二、完形填空Therecomesatimeforeveryfamilywhenthetablesturnandtheparenthastoanswertothechild.Minecameduringmyfirststayinyearswithourelderson,Nathaniel.Awholeweekunderhisroof!“Dad,don’tleavethewaterrunningwhilebrushingteeth,”he21onourfirstnight.Allright,I22,thisisCalifornia,wheredroughtisaconcern.ButIwasalso23pullingextrapapertowelstowipethekitchencounterandwasinstructedtouseadishcloth,24.More25followed.Nottoleavemywalkingshoessittingout.Don’twearaneckwarmerwhenwalkingthedoginthemorning—itwill26soon.Atfirst,IwonderedhowI’d27suchatyrant(暴君).ThenIrecalledhowoftenI28thegoldenruleofparenting:“Someday,you’llhaveyourown29andcanlivehoweveryouwant.Untilthen,doasweask.”Anunpleasantrequirement,butitdidworkoccasionally.Nowitwasmy30time.Ialsorecalledfeeling31atmyownfather’scommandsgrowingup.Therefore,Ismilingly32Nathaniel’srules.Therewere33tothisroleshift—hecleanedthedishesandsetourdailyoutings,34drivingmeeverywhere.ThisexperiencerevealedanothersideofNathaniel,promisinghisfuture35ability.Mysonalsorisestofatherhood!21．A．warned B．begged C．whispered D．threatened22．A．analyzed B．explained C．figured D．promised23．A．sent B．pictured C．kept D．caught24．A．however B．thus C．instead D．indeed25．A．issues B．instructions C．interactions D．challenges26．A．clearup B．warmup C．cooldown D．breakdown27．A．fancied B．encountered C．raised D．avoided28．A．broke B．revised C．assessed D．threw29．A．dream B．possession C．home D．confusion30．A．payback B．comeback C．rebirth D．departure31．A．calm B．guilty C．thrilled D．annoyed32．A．ignored B．followed C．adjusted D．defended33．A．bonuses B．bonds C．conflicts D．setbacks34．A．bravely B．willingly C．confidently D．smoothly35．A．parenting B．housekeeping C．adapting D．socializing三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Digitaltechnologiessuchasroboticsandartificialintelligencetookcenterstageasthe2024DesignIntelligenceAward(DIA)wasunveiledlastFridayinHangzhou,Zhejiangprovince.FourierGR-1,36humanoidrobotdevelopedbyShanghai-basedFourier,ultimately37(claim)thehighesthonorattheDIA．Beingoneoftheworld’sfirstmass-producedhumanoidrobots,FourierGR-1isknownforhuman-likefeatures,38(power)by54jointsandbuilt-inemotionalsystems.AccordingtotheDIA,FourierGR-1wontheprizefor“itsintegrationofbionics(仿生学)andhigh-performanceroboticstechnology”,whichhasgivenitahuman-likesenseoflife39itisgiftedwithhugepotential.Thisyear’sDIAreceivedover8,000entriesfrom47countriesandregionsaroundtheworld,with39candidatesmakingintothe40(final),coveringcutting-edgetechnologiesincludingAI,brain-computerinterface,virtualrealityandnewmaterials,saidHanXu,vice-presidentoftheChinaAcademyofArt(CAA).“41makestheDIAspecialisthattheentrieshavesmartlycombinedinnovativeideaswithpracticalapplications42(boost)therapiddevelopmentofemergingindustriessuchaslow-altitudeeconomy,digitalculturaltourismandhumanoidmachines,”saidHan.TheDIA,sinceit43(launch)jointlybytheZhejiangprovincialgovernmentandtheCAAin2015,hasgrowntobeoneofthemost44(influence)industrialdesigncompetitionsbothinandoutsideChina.It’sdrivingthereconstructionandupgradingofglobalchains,showingthefar-reachingimpactofdesignintelligence45aglobalscale.四、书信写作46．假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Jack得知中国优化了对部分国家的免签政策，过境停留时间延长至240小时，计划来中国旅游，请你给他写一封电子邮件。内容包括：1.推荐旅游城市及相关风物；2.推荐理由。注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；2.请按如下格式作答。3.参考词汇：visa-freepolicyDearJack,__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua五、书面表达47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Katie’sdadworksonaferry.AllspringandsummerhebringshomestoriesaboutThePirate,awharf(船坞、码头)cat.Throughherdad’stales,Katiehascometorespectthiswildcreaturewhotakesdelightintroublingdogs,killswharfrats,andbattlesaseagulloverpossessionofapilingnearthewharf.Onepleasantfallnight,afteraweekofcoldandrain,Dadbroughtthepoorinjuredcathomeandsaidthatheneededsomecareandawarmplacetorecover.AlthoughMomisn’tfondofpets,shefindssomesoftragstoputaroundhim.Thenextmorning,hewasawakewhenIsteppedintothekitchen.Withoutraisinghishead,hecurleduphislipandhissed(发出咝咝声)atme.“Stayawayfromhim,”Momordered.“Apetheisn’t.You’dthinkhe’dbealittlemoreappreciative.”Itookoverpreparinghisfood.Thehissinglessened,buthenevertookhiseyesoffus,andhisexpressioncertainlydidnotsaythankyou.ThenexttimeIfedhim,Ibroughtabook,andafterputtingdownthefood,Isatonthefarsideoftheporchandstartedreading.Thatcatglaredatme,butIignoredhim.Afteralmosthalfanhour,hebegantoslipout.Ikeptreading,andsoonIcouldhearhimeatingthefish.Thenextday,ittooktenminutesforhimtocomeout,andthedayafterthat,onlythreeminutes.Ialsobeganmovingthebowlalittleclosereachday.TheMondaybeforeThanksgiving,Itriedputtingthebowlinmylap.Hecameandstoodinfrontofmebutwouldnotcomeanyfarther.Finallyheletoutayowl.OnTuesday,Iputapieceoffishinmyhandandhelditouttohim.Ittooktime,buthefinallywolfeditdown.OnWednesday,whenhetookthelastbitefrommyhand,Imovedmyfingerslightlyunderhischin.Heshrankbackbutdidn’trunaway.OnThanksgiving,heactuallyletmepethim.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________OnDad’snexteveningoff,weputThePirateinaboxanddrovedowntothewharf._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________《2025届福建省龙岩市高三下学期3月教学质量检测英语试题》参考答案题号12345678910答案CCADABDDDB题号11121314151617181920答案CABBCECDGF题号21222324252627282930答案ACDCBBCDCA题号3132333435答案DBABA1．C2．C3．A【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2025年在美国四个州即将举行的与音乐相关的最佳活动，包括各个活动的特色、地点以及部分活动的历史背景。1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ThenewBiscuits&Banjosfestivalwillleanintotheregion’smusicalheritage,whosetraditionsincludejazz,bluesandbluegrass.(全新的“ThenewBiscuits&Banjos”音乐节将挖掘该地区的音乐遗产，这里的音乐传统涵盖了爵士乐、蓝调以及蓝草音乐。)”可知，ThenewBiscuits&Banjos音乐节将挖掘该地区包括爵士乐、蓝调以及蓝草音乐在内的音乐传统。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Bristolwasthehostofthe“BristolSessions”——thosesessionsareoftencalledthe“bigbang”ofcountrymusic.(Bristol曾举办过“Bristol录音会”——这些录音会常被称为乡村音乐的“大爆炸”。)”可知，Bristol是乡村音乐的重要起源地。故选C。3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“TobeopenedinJuly,anewMusicEnrichmentandImmersiveCenterwilltakeadeepdiveintothissliceofmusicalhistory.(今年7月即将开放的一个全新的音乐拓展与沉浸式体验中心，将深入探究这段音乐历史。)”、第二段“ThenewBiscuits&Banjosfestivalwillleanintotheregion’smusicalheritage,whosetraditionsincludejazz,bluesandbluegrass.(全新的“ThenewBiscuits&Banjos”音乐节将挖掘该地区的音乐遗产，这里的音乐传统涵盖了爵士乐、蓝调以及蓝草音乐。)”、第三段“ThingswillkickoffinJanuarywithlivemusicandthemedtours.(庆祝活动将于1月以现场音乐表演和主题游览拉开帷幕。)”以及最后一段“TodaythepopularBristolRhythm&RootsReunionfestivaldrawsinternationalAmericanamusicfans.(如今，备受欢迎的Bristol节奏与根源重聚音乐节吸引了来自世界各地的美国本土音乐爱好者。)”可知，文章主要介绍了2025年美国四个州的与音乐相关的活动和景点，包括冲浪舞厅的活动、新的音乐节、猫王诞辰90周年庆祝活动以及与乡村音乐起源相关的活动等。这些活动和景点对于热爱音乐的游客来说具有吸引力，他们可能会对这些音乐相关的内容感兴趣并前往这些地方参观游览，所以该文本很可能是为他们准备的。故选A。4．D5．A6．B7．D【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了中国著名作家老舍的两部小说《猫城记》和《二马》的英文版即将在全国书店上架，并通过引用多位评论家的观点以及书籍内容概述，对这两部作品进行了深入的介绍和评价。4．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“CatCountry,arguablyChina’sfirstventureintothefieldofsciencefiction,centersaroundaspacetravelerfromChinawhocrash-landsonanalienplanet,wherehediscoversacountryinhabitedentirelybyCatPeople.(《猫城记》可以说是中国在科幻领域的首次尝试，讲述的是一位来自中国的太空旅行者迫降在一个外星星球上的故事。在这个星球上，他发现了一个完全由猫人居住的国家。)”可知，《猫城记》可以说是中国在科幻领域的首次尝试，这里的“firstventure”表明它是中国科幻领域的先驱、开端，与选项D“pilot（试点，先驱）”意思相符。故选D。5．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Thesarcastic(讽刺的)humorandmetaphoricalwritingarebelievedtobeinfluencedbythelateauthor’searlyexperiencesinLondon.(人们认为，书中讽刺性的幽默和隐喻式的写作手法受到了这位已故作家早年在伦敦经历的影响。)”可知，老舍在伦敦的经历对他作品中讽刺性的幽默和隐喻式的写作手法产生了影响，即影响了他的写作风格。故选A。6．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“BasedonLaoShe’sLondonexperiences,thenoveldisplaystheMas’attemptstodealwiththedeeplyrootedculturalmisconceptionsby1920sEnglishsocietyaftertheymovetheretorunanantiquesshop.(以老舍在伦敦的经历为基础，这部小说展现了马家父子搬到伦敦经营一家古玩店后，努力应对20世纪20年代英国社会根深蒂固的文化误解的过程。)”可知，《二马》这部小说以老舍在伦敦的经历为基础，展示了马家父子搬到伦敦后，努力应对20世纪20年代英国社会根深蒂固的文化误解的过程，这体现了跨文化冲突。故选B。7．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Wefeltthatthesetwobooksofferafascinatinginsightintohowheworksandthinks,exploringChina’splaceintheworldandChina’sself-imagethroughevocative(唤起感情的)andbeautifulwritingthatisasrelevanttodayasitwaswhenitwasfirstwritteninthe1930s,”saysJoLusby,managingdirectorofPenguinChina.(企鹅中国的董事总经理JoLusby表示：“我们认为，这两本书让人们得以深入了解老舍的创作方式和思维方式。他通过富有感染力且优美的文字，探讨了中国在世界上的地位以及中国的自我形象。这些文字在今天和20世纪30年代首次创作时一样具有现实意义。”)”可知，JoLusby认为这两本书通过富有感染力且优美的文字，为探究老舍的创作方式和思维方式提供了一个有趣的视角，同时也探讨了中国在世界上的地位以及中国的自我形象。也就是说这两本书提供了一个看待中国身份的角度。故选D。8．D9．D10．B11．C【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章对“失败是成功之母”这一常见观点提出了质疑，并论述了人们往往不能从失败中学习，以及这种错误观念可能导致的现实后果。8．词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“Butthere’sstrongevidencethatsuchaconceptiswrongheadedandcanleadtoterriblereal-worldconsequences,researcherssaidinanewreport.(但研究人员在一份新报告中指出，有确凿证据表明，这样的观念是错误的，并且可能在现实世界中导致严重的后果。)”可推测，划线单词的意思和“常见的、被广泛提及的”相似。选项D“Commonstatements.”，意为“常见的陈述”，与此相符。故选D。9．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Aseriesof11experimentsinvolvingmorethan1,800participantsfoundthatpeopleoftendon’tgainwisdomfromfailure,andthatexpectingthemtodosocanhavepotentiallyterribleconsequences:Peoplevastlyoverestimatedthepercentageofprospectivenurses,lawyersandteacherswhopasslicensingexamsafterpreviouslyfailingthem.Nursestendedtooverestimatehowmuchcolleagueswouldlearnfromapasterror.Peopleassumedthatheartpatientswouldembraceahealthierlifestyle,whenmanydon’t.(一系列由1800多名参与者参与的11项实验发现，人们通常不会从失败中获得智慧，而且指望他们这样做可能会产生潜在的严重后果：人们大大高估了那些之前考试未通过的准护士、律师和教师在再次参加职业资格考试时的通过率。护士往往会高估同事从过去的错误中所能学到的东西。人们以为心脏病患者会接受更健康的生活方式，但实际上很多人并没有。)”以及第五段““Peopleexpectsuccesstofollowfailuremuchmoreoftenthanitactuallydoes,”Eskreis-Winklersaid.“Peopleusuallyassumethatpastbehaviorpredictsfuturebehavior,soit’ssurprisingthatweoftenbelievetheoppositewhenitcomestosucceedingafterfailure.”(Eskreis-Winkler说：“人们期望失败后能成功的频率，远远高于实际情况。人们通常认为过去的行为可以预测未来的行为，所以令人惊讶的是，当涉及到失败后能否成功时，我们常常持有相反的观点。”)”可知，人们往往认为失败后会成功，但实际并非如此，这种想法会导致人们高估失败后成功的概率，对结果过于乐观。故选D。10．推理判断题。根据文章第六段“Tellingpeopletheywillsucceedafterfailuremightreducethepainofafailure,butthatwayofthinkingwon’tnaturallyturnintopeoplelearningalesson,researcherssaid.Ontheotherhand,peoplecanadjusttheirexpectationsofotherswhengivenmoreinformationabouthowlittlefailureactuallybringsgoodresults.(研究人员表示，告诉人们失败后会成功也许能减轻失败带来的痛苦，但这种思维方式并不会自然而然地让人们吸取教训。另一方面，当人们了解到失败实际上很少能带来好结果的更多信息时，他们可以调整对他人的期望。)”可知，人们常常高估失败后会成功的情况，实际上很多人不会从失败中学习，当人们了解到失败很少能带来好结果的更多信息时，应该调整对他人的期望。选项B“Loweringexpectationsofsmokersafterquit-failures.(降低对戒烟失败的吸烟者的期望)”符合文章中提到的纠正对失败的错误认知，作者可能会认可。故选B。11．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段““Peopleoftenconfusewhatiswithwhatoughttobe,”leadresearcherLaurenEskreis-Winkler,anassistantprofessorofmanagementandorganizationsatNorthwesternUniversity,saidinanewsrelease.“Peopleoughttopayattentionandlearnfromfailure,butoftentheydon’tbecausefailureisdemotivatingandself-threatening.”(该研究的首席研究员LaurenEskreis-Winkler是西北大学管理与组织学助理教授，她在一份新闻稿中表示：“人们常常把‘是什么’和‘应该是什么’混为一谈。人们应该留意并从失败中吸取教训，但他们往往做不到，因为失败会让人失去动力，还会威胁到自尊心。”)”以及全文内容可知，文章开篇以温斯顿・丘吉尔的话引出关于“失败导致成功”这一观点，接着指出有证据表明这种观念是错误的。随后通过一系列实验说明人们通常不会从失败中获得智慧，且往往高估失败后成功的可能性，还提到纠正对失败的错误认知的意义。选项C“Failures’BenefitsMightBeOverrated(失败的益处可能被高估了)”准确地概括了文章主旨，即人们认为失败能带来成功等益处这种想法是错误的，失败的益处被高估了。故选C。12．A13．B14．B15．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍一项研究，阐述了季节变化对人类道德价值观的影响，并分析了可能的原因，同时指出了研究的意义和局限性。12．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Forthestudy,researchersanalyzedmorethan230,000onlinesu