创新大学英语综合教程U4电子教案

InnovationEnglishIntegratedCourseBook4UnitFourTheleaderinMeObjectivesStudentswillbeableto:GraspthemainideaandstructureofthetextAcquirethekeylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthetext;Participateinaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeoftheunit.SuggestedTeachingStepsLead-inTextAWordStudySentenceStudyStructureStudyAfter-readingAdditionalMaterialsLead-inDirections:Pleasewatchthevideoclipandanswerthequestions.1.Whenyouthinkofleadership,whatcomesintoyourmind?2.Whatqualitiesofleadershiphavebeenmentionedinthevideo?Tips:1.(Omitted)2.Responsibility,integrity,vision,beinginspiring,comingfromenergythatpushesyouup,beingwillingtofight,workingmorethantalking,power,influence,makingadifference,changingpeople'slifeforthebetter,etc.TextA:LessonsinLeadership:DecisionMaking,aMustforSuccessLeaderswhomakecorrectdecisionswithouttimewastingdelaysareseenasdecisive,courageous,insightful,brilliant,andsuccessful.Leaderswhostall,whoseemunabletomakeuptheirmind,whowaffle,whoprocrastinate,andareobsessedwiththefearofmakingmistakesarenotseenasleaderswhocanmakebelieversoftheiremployees,butassomeoneabouttoleadthebusinessintoadisasterordifficulttimesatbest.Howdoyouremployeesseeyou?Areyoutheexecutiveorentrepreneurwhohasatrackrecordofmakingwrongdecisions?Doyouhaveatoughtimemakingupyourmind,orareyouimpulsive?Ifyouareabouttocashouttheequityinyourhomeandlaunchanewbusinessorexpandyourbusiness,thewrongchoicecanruinyou.Lookinward,howdoyouseeyourskills?Areyouafraidofmakingthewrongmove?Fearimmobilizes.Ifyouarefearfulofmakingamistake,thenaturaltendencyistoputoffmakingachoice—hidingyourfearbehindtheexcuseofanalysisorthoughtfulleadership.Fearcanleadtolosingopportunities.Andyourdisguisedfearoffailurewilldriveyouremployeesnuts.Iamsureyouknowsuchpeoplethatcanbemaddening.Yet,therearetimeswhenyoushouldputoffanyaction,aswhateveryouchooseislikelytobethewrongchoice.Ifyouareovertired,notfeelingwell,emotionallyupset,orfeelingimpatientwhenyouarenotuptosnuff,youarepronetoerror,sowaitadayortwountilyouareyournormalself.Toputtheoddsinyourfavor,youneedtobehealthyandhaveaclearhead:strongemotionswillcoloryourdecisionmaking—notgood!Equallydisastrousisactingonimpulse,falselythinkingthatgreatleadersbarkcommands,makedecisionsasthecommercialsshowthebusyexecutivebrisklywalkingwithhisentouragetossingoffmajordecisionsasifheorshewereorderinglunch.ScreenwritersaresuperatportrayingexecsasCaptainMarvel.Suchimpulsiveorprematurechoicesarerashandcanleadtothewrongchoice.Unfortunately,someinexperiencedentrepreneurs,soanxioustoimpressothersasleaders,willdashoffadecision—thinkingtheyarecourageous.Asaleaderyouarerequiredtomakedecisionslikeitornot.Hereisatechniqueyoumayfindhelpful.Doyouunderstandthedownsideofyourdecision?Whatistheworstthatcanhappenifyouarewrong?Canyoulivewithit?Ifnot,thegamblemaynotbeworththerisk.Successfulstockmarkettradershaveacardinalrulethattheywillnotriskmorethan5to10percentoftheircapitalonanyonetrade.Theyknowbadtradeshappenandtheyknowtheywillmakemistakes.Theyunderstandthatriskmanagementiscrucialtotheirsuccess.Sodon’tbeeagertobetyourbusinessonasingledecision.AyearorsoagoIwroteacolumnonasystemofdecisionmaking.Thesystemwouldlisttheadvantagesofyes,andadvantagesofno;thesystemofriskmanagementworksandhasbeenoftencitedbymanagementinstructors.Thegreatertheimpactonyourbusiness,yourlifestyle,yourfinances,andyourfuture,themoredifficultitistomakeadecision.Somehow,youmustfindabalancebetweentherewardsofriskandtheprobabilityofsuccess.BenThesystemdoesso,byaskingyoutolookattheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofyourchoices.Itisavaluabletooltohelpyoumakesuchdecisionsasopeningyourownbusiness,expandingyouroperation,investinginanewproduct,ortakinginapartner.Asyoustrugglewithyourchoices,becarefulaboutsolicitingopinions.Ifyoudoso,rememberthosegivingyousuchadvicearelookingatyoursituationwiththeirownframeofreferenceandemotions.Andhowyoupresentyourpossibleplanswillaffectwhatyouhear.Gettingopinionsfromfamilyandfriendsisnotthesameasgettingamedicalsecondopinion,andyoudon’taskaneighborifyoushouldhaveakneeoperation.Decisionsarepartoflife,andadailypartofbeinginbusiness.Ifyouhatetochooseorliveinfearofmakingamistake,sharpeningyourdecisionskillsisjustonemorehurdleyoumustovercomeasyouworktobecomeasuccessfulentrepreneur.WordStudydecisiveadj.(1)goodatmakingdecisionsquicklyandwithconfidence果断坚决的e.g.DecisivemeasuresmustbeadoptedtopreventseriouswaterpollutionfromhappeningagainintheHuaiRiverdrainagearea.Adecisivepersonisneededtodealwiththesituation.(2)veryimportantforthefinalresultofaparticularsituation决定性的e.g.Theinjurytotheirkeyplayercouldbeadecisivefactorinthegame.Tomethatisthedecisivemovewemustmakenow.courageousadj.brave勇敢的e.g.HeseemedtobethemostresoluteandcourageousfigureintheBushAdministration.Ihopepeoplewillbecourageousenoughtospeakoutagainstthisinjustice.insightfuladj.(1)abletounderstand,orshowingthatyouunderstand,whatasituationorpersonisreallylike富有洞察力的，有深刻见解的e.g.Ifeelhonoredtohavethisopportunitytogainyourinsightfulviewsontheissuesofnationalsecurityandinternationalrelations.Theyhaveareputationforbeingintuitiveandinsightful.insightn.(~intosth.)theabilitytounderstandandrealizewhatpeopleorsituationsarereallylike洞察力，深刻见解e.g.Thearticlegivesusarealinsightintothecausesofthepresenteconomiccrisis.Theauthorhasaremarkablykeeninsightintohumannature.brilliantadj.(1)extremelycleverorskillful极聪明的e.g.Themostbrilliantpersonmaybemiredindetailandconfusion.Howeverbrilliantyouare,youcantknoweverything.(2)excellent卓越的，杰出的e.g.Hehasmadebrilliantachievementsinthefieldofphysics.Hemadeabrilliantspeech,butitwasnotatalllikedbyhisaudience.(3)verybrightandstrong明亮的e.g.Setagainstabrilliantbackgroundofbluesky,thesummitofthemountainisgrey.Theweatherwascoldbutclear,andthemoonwasbrilliant.stallv.todeliberatelydelaybecauseyouarenotreadytodosth.oranswerquestions有意拖延e.g.Iftheystallfortimeonthiscontract,theymaygetabetterprice.Theplayerkickedtheballoutdeliberatelytostallfortime.n.atableorasmallshopwithanopenfront,especiallyoutdoors,wheregoodsaresold摊位e.g.Therearetradersstallsonbothsidesofthestreet.Hismothersetupalittlestalltosellfruit.beobsessedwith:sufferfrom受到……的困扰e.g.Thehostageswereobsessedwiththefearofdeath.Duetounhealthylifestyle,manyteenagersareobsessedwithobesity.trackrecordallthepastachievements,successes,orfailuresofapersonoranorganization工作业绩，业绩记录e.g.Here’sajobapplicantwithanexcellenttrackrecord.TheUN’strackrecordinpromotingdevelopmentissecondtonone.impulsiveadj.actingsuddenlywithoutconsideringthepossibledangersorproblemsfirst冲动的e.g.Rosawasimpulsiveandsometimesregrettedthingssheddone.Sheissoimpulsive—shesawthehouseforthefirsttimeandsaidstraightawaythatshedbuyit.beabouttodo:begoingtodosth.soon计划做某事e.g.Anewbookisabouttobebroughtout.Heisabouttoembarkonanewbusinessventure.cashout换成现金，套现e.g.Hard-pressedfarmersaretemptedtocashoutbysellingtheirvaluableland.immobilizev.(1)topreventsb.orsth.frommoving使固定不动e.g.Thebrokenlimbmustbeimmobilizedimmediately.Shewasimmobilizedwithabrokenleg.tostopsth.fromworking使不能运转e.g.Thecarssecuritydevicewillimmobilizetheignitionsystem.Severeweatherimmobilizedtherescueteam.disguisev.tohideafactorfeelingsothatpeoplewillnotnoticeit伪装，掩饰e.g.Tryashemight:Dancouldn’tdisguisehisfeelingsforKatie.(2)tochangesb.sappearancesothatpeoplecannotrecognizethem假(装)扮e.g.Disguisedasapriest:heescapedacrosstheborder.n.(in~)sth.thatyouweartochangeyourappearanceandhidewhoyouare,ortheactofwearingthis假扮，伪装e.g.Hisdisguisedidn’tfoolanyone.Thewomanintheparkturnedouttobeapoliceofficerindisguise.nutsadj.(1)crazy发疯的e.g.I’llgonutsifIdon’tfindanewjobsoon.Theneighborsthoughthewasnuts:buthedidn’tmind.(~about/onsth.)verymuchinlovewithsb.:veryenthusiasticaboutsth.热恋某人，迷恋某事物e.g.Bothofthemarenutsaboutchambermusic.She’sbeautiful,andI’mnutsabouther.drivesb.nuts:tomakesb.veryangry让人恼怒e.g.Turnthatradiooff.Itsdrivingmeneadj.(be~tosth./todosth.)belikelytodosth.有……的倾向，易于……e.g.Childreninpoorgeneralhealthareverypronetocoldsinwinter.Kidsareallpronetoeatjunkfood.Heisalwayspronetojumptohastyconclusions.oddsn.probabilityorchance(thatacertainthingwillorwillnothappen)可能性，机会e.g.Theoddsarethatshewillgetthenominationonthefirstballot.Hisoddswereverypoorafterhesprainedhiswrist.oddadj.strange,:unusual,peculiar奇(古)怪的e.g.Itsveryoddthatshedidntreplytoourletter.insb.’sfavor:totheadvantageofsb.对某人有利e.g.Thecourtdecidedinhisfavor.Theyarehopingtoswingthevotersintheirfavor.Theappreciationofthedollaragainsttheyenisinyourfavor.colorv.(l)toaffect(sth.),especiallyinanegativeway影响e.g.Don’tletyourjudgmentbecoloredbypersonalfeelings.Theinterpretationoffactsisoftencoloredbyprejudices.(2)tochangethecolorofsth.,especiallybyusingdye改色，上色e.g.Cutoutthesquareandcoloritred.Shehasnoideahowtocolorapicture—shejustscribblesalloverit.brisklyadv.quicklyorenergetically轻快地，有活力地e.g.Wewalkedbrisklyalongtheseashoreaspartofourmorning’sexercise.downsiden.thenegativepartordisadvantageofsth.不利方面e.g.Thedownsideofthebookisthatitiswritteninaratherboringstyle.ButthereisadownsideinJapantothisotherwiserosypictureofhealth.Onesuchpotentialdownsideisthatpatients’nightvisioncanbeadverselyaffected.hurdlen.difficulty,obstacle障碍e.g.Therearelotsofbureaucratichurdlestodealwithwhenadoptingachild.overcomevt.tosuccessfullycontrolafeelingorproblemthatpreventsyoufromachievingsth.战胜，克服e.g.Hestruggledtoovercomehisshyness.Therewillbenodifficultyintheworldthattheycannotovercome.SentenceStudy1)(Para:l)Leaderswhomakecorrectdecisionswithouttimewastingdelaysareseenasdecisive,courageous,insightful,brilliant,andsuccessful:Leaderswhocanmakerightdecisionswithoutunnecessarydelayareconsideredtobefirm,brave,perceptive,intelligentandsuccessful.【译文】人们认为果断、勇敢、有洞察力、英明、成功的领导人能快速作出正确的决策。2)(Para.l)Leaderswhostall,whoseemunabletomakeuptheirmind,whowaffle,whoprocrastinate,andareobsessedwiththefearofmakingmistakesarenotseenasleaderswhocanmakebelieversoftheiremployees,butassomeoneabouttoleadthebusinessintoadisasterordifficulttimesatbest:Leaderswhoareundecided,talkingaimlessly,hesitant,andfearfulofmakingdecisionswillnotwinthetrustofemployees,andareseenaspeoplewhoarelikelytobringcrisistothebusiness.【译文】而那些拖泥带水、犹豫不决、动作迟缓、废话连篇、忧心忡忡的领导不能获得员工的信任，即使不将企业领向失败，也会将其领向困境。“…areobsessedwiththefearofmakingmistakesarenotseenasleaderswhocanmakebelieversoftheiremployees…”heremeansthatpeoplewhosufferfromthefearofmakingmistakesarenotseenasleaderswhocanwintheiremployeestrust.“makebelieversoftheiremployees”heremeans“maketheiremployeestrustthem”.3)(Para.2)Areyoutheexecutiveorentrepreneurwhohasatrackrecordofmakingwrongdecisions:Areyoutheexecutiveorentrepreneurwhohasahistoryofmakingthewrongdecision?【译文】你是一个有错误决策记录的主管或企业家吗？4)(Para.2)Doyouhaveatoughtimemakingupyourmind,orareyouimpulsive:Doyouhavetroubleinmakingdecisions,ordoyoumakedecisionswithoutconsideringthepossibledangersorproblemsfirst?【译文】作决策时，你是难以决断还是冲动行事呢？5)(Para.2)Ifyouareabouttocashouttheequityinyourhomeandlaunchanewbusinessorexpandyourbusiness…:Ifyouareplanningtoraisecashagainstthevalueofyourhousetoinvestinanewbusinessorexpandingyourbusiness…【译文】如果你打算兑现家中资产以创办新企业或拓展业务……6)(Para.2)Fearimmobilizes.Ifyouarefearfulofmakingamistake,thenaturaltendencyistoputoffmakingachoice…:Fearpreventsyoufromtakingaction.Ifyouareafraidofmakingamistake:itsnaturaltodelaymakingachoice...【译文】顾虑会让人停滞不前。如果你害怕出错，你自然迟迟不肯抉择……“Fearimmobilizes”means“thefearofmakingamistakepreventsyoufrommovingforward”.“Thenaturaltendencyistoputoffmakingachoice”means“naturallyyouarelikelytomakeadecisionlater”.7)(Para.2)…yourdisguisedfearoffailurewilldriveyouremployeesnuts:...ourattempttohideyourfearoffailurewillmakeyouremployeesveryangry…【译文】掩饰对失败的恐惧会激怒员工。8)(Para.3)…whenyouarenotuptosnuff,youarepronetoerror…:…whenyouarenotwellenough,youarelikelytomakeamistake…【译文】……你不在状态时，就容易出错……uptosnuff:goodenoughforaparticularpurpose,asgoodasit/theyshouldbe(身体)状况良好的，正常的e.g.I’mnotfeelinguptosnufftoday.(Para.3)Toputtheoddsinyourfavor,youneedtobehealthyandhaveaclearhead;strongemotionswillcoloryourdecisionmaking—notgood:Toincreaseyourchancesofsuccess,youshouldbehealthyandclear-minded,forstrongemotionswillaffectyourdecisionmakingandleadyoutopoorjudgment.【译文】为了更有把握成功，你需要身体健康、头脑清醒；情绪化会影响你作出正确决策。10)(Para.4)…thebusyexecutivebrisklywalkingwithhisentouragetossingoffmajordecisionsasifheorshewereorderinglunch:…thebusyadministratorenergeticallywalkingwithhisstaffmakingsignificantdecisionswithsuchaneasyeffortasifheorshewereorderinglunch.【译文】……繁忙的主管精神抖擞地走在随从当中，叫午餐似地随意作出重大决定。“asif”引导方式状语从句或表语从句，从句所表示的内容若不是事实或不可能为事实时用虚拟语气，从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，用陈述语气。e.g.Hetalksasifhehadbeenabroad.(虚拟)Itisn’tasifyouweregoingawayforgood.(虚拟)Itlooksasifwe’llbelate.(真实)11)(Para.5)Doyouunderstandthedownsideofyourdecision:Doyouunderstandthenegativepartordisadvantageofyourdecision?【译文】你知晓如此决策的弊端吗？12)(Para.5)Canyoulivewithit?Ifnot,thegamblemaynotbeworththerisk:Canyoubearalltheconsequences?Ifnot,theriskwouldnotbeworthtaking.【译文】你能承受这个后果吗？如果不能，那就不值得冒险下这场赌注。13)(Para.5)Theyunderstandthatriskmanagementiscrucialtotheirsuccess.sodon’tbeeagertobetyourbusinessonasingledecision:Theyarequiteawarethatriskmanagementisvitaltotheirsuccess.sodon’tbeanxiousastogambleyourbusinessononedecision.【译文】他们明白风险管理是他们走向成功的关键。因此，别急于将自己的生意赌在一次决策上。riskmanagement:thepracticeofmanaginginvestmentinwaysthatproduceasmuchprofitaspossiblewhilelimitingthedangeroflosses风险管理becrucialto:bevitalto对……很关键e.g.Thesenegotiationsarecrucialtothefutureofourfirm.beeagerto:beverykeenandexcitedaboutsth.thatisgoingtohappenoraboutsth.youwanttodo迫切希望做……，渴望做……e.g.Iwaseagertogetbacktoworkassoonaspossible.bet(sth.)onsth.:打赌，在……上下赌注e.g.Georgebeganborrowingsmallsumsofmoneytobetonhorses,andbeforeheknewithewasdeepindebt.14)(Para.7)Ifyoudoso,rememberthosegivingyousuchadvicearelookingatyoursituationwiththeirownframeofreferenceandemotions:Ifyoudoso,bearitinmindthatthosewhooffersuchsuggestionareviewingthematterwiththeirownperspectiveandemotions.【译文】如果你这么做，记住那些给你建议的人是从他们自己的参照标准和情感角度来审视你所处的境况。frameofreference:apersonsperspectiveonwhattheysee,howtheyformanopinion,etc.;asetofstandardsorprinciplesgoverningbehaviour,thought,etc.观点，衡量标准e.g.Sheusedherworkexperienceasaframeofreferenceforherteaching.15)(Para.8)…sharpeningyourdecisionskillsisjustonemorecurdleyoumustovercomeasyouworktobecomeasuccessfulentrepreneur:…enhancingyourdecisionskillsisjustonemoredifficultyyoumustconquerintheprocessofbecomingasuccessfulentrepreneur.【译文】……提高决策技能就是你跻身成功企业家必须克服的又一障碍。StructureStructureDirections:Thetextcanbedividedintofourparts.Fillintheblankswithappropriatewordsfromthetextcompletethemainideaofeachpart.PartOneanytimewastingdelayandthosewhoareobsessedwiththefearofmakingStructureDirections:Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.l)Whatmightbetheresultsifaleaderisfearfulofmakingadecision?Theywouldnotmakebelieversoftheemployees,andmayleadthebusinessintoadisaster,ordifficulttimesatbest.Besides,theymayloseopportunities.Whenshouldyouputofftakinganaction?Why?Ifyouareovertired,notfeelingwell,emotionallyupset,orfeelingimpatient;whenyouarenotuptosnuff,youshouldputofftakinganaction.Becausestrongemotionswouldcoloryourdecisionmakingandyouarepronetoerror.3)Whyisactingonimpulsivethinkingdisastrous?Thechoicesmadeonimpulsivethinkingwouldberashandmayleadtowrongchoices.4)Whatisthesystemofdecisionmakingmainlyabout?Thesystemismainlyaboutlistingtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofbothoptions;and,findingabalancebetweentherewardsofriskandtheprobabilityofsuccess.5)Whenmakingdecisions,whyshouldyoubecarefulaboutsolicitingopinionsfromothers?Othersmaylookatyoursituationwiththeirownframeofreferenceandemotions.KeytoExercises—Vocabularyl)courageous2)analysis3)disguised.4)thoughtful5)downside6)disastrous7)sharpen8)decisive9)odds10)overcome2.iooffIt’srivingmenutsKeytoExercises—Structure1.1)Withtheoldhunterleadingtheway,therescueteamstartedtowardstheforest.2)Withalltheproblemssolved,theyclosedthemeeting.3)Tian’anmensquarelooksevenmorebeautifulwithallthelightsturnedon.4)Withmanythingstodealwith,Ihavetostoplisteningtomusic.5)Iwon’tbeabletogoonholidaywithmymotherbeingill.1)TherearetimeswhenIfeelmypresentjobistoomuchforme.2)TherearetimeswhenIhavegonetoInternetfornootherreasonthantoseewhatpeoplearesayingaboutmeonline.3)Therearetimeswhenwindows10becomessocorruptedthatitwontruncorrectlyorwontstartatall.4)Withoutthesupportofbrothersandsisters,anonlychildmayhaveatoughtimeleavinghome.5)VegetarianswhoeatneithereggsnordairyproductsmayhaveatoughtimeconsumingenoughVitaminB-12.KeytoExercises—Comprehension1)L2)G3)B4)I5)M6)A7)D8)J9)H10)EKeytoExercises—Translation大公司的领导人肩负着巨大的责任。自然，他迫切渴望做正确的事情。但这是否意味着，他绝不能冒险，没有获取所有事实前绝不能采取任何行动？这在理论上是对的，但在现实生活中却行不通。显然，他有责任尽可能多地搜集相关事实，但有时他却不得不赌上一把。首先，即使是正确的决定，若作得太晚也可能成为极坏的决定。其次，不管你喜欢不喜欢，多数情况下并没有十拿九稳的事。After-readingActivitiesActivityOne:DiscussionDirections:Throughouthistorygreatleadershaveinfluencedtime.Who,inyouropinion,canberegardedasgreatleaders?Sharewhatyouknowaboutthemwithyourclassmatesandexplainwhatmakesyouthinktheyaregreatleaders.ActivityTwo:PairWorkDirections:Allindividualsarebornwithspecifictraits,andithasbeenshownviaresearchthatsomeofthesetraitsarecloselylinkedtoleadership.Thesetraitsincludedarelistedinthetablebelow.Rankthemaccordingtotheirimportanceinmakingagoodleader,andexplainyourreasons.Befreetoaddothertraitsyouthinkimportant.ActivityThree:GroupDiscussionDirections:Leadershipiscommonlyregardedastheabilitytoseewhatdoesnotexistandthengather,moldandshapetheresourcesneededtomakeithappen.Butitisoftendifficulttodeterminewhetherleadersarebornormade,andwhetherleadershipqualitiesareinbornormade.Shareyouropinionswithyourgroupmembersandbepreparedtopresentyourgroup'spositionontheissueinclass.AdditionalMaterialsActivityOneDirections:Haveyoueverworkedinateamenvironment?Howdidyoufeel?Didtheleaderinyourteamfulfillhis/herrole?Shareanyimpressivememoriesyouhaveaboutteamworkinyourclass.ActivityTwoDirections:Generally,aleaderassumesapositionofauthority,butwhatisthedifferencebetweenabossandaleader?Discussingro