2025届人教版(2019)高考英语一轮话题复习高考题型通关练：话题26　科学家精神(教师版)

话题26科学家精神Ⅰ.阅读理解GraduateSchemesCommercialBankingGraduateSchemeWehelpUK－basedclientstoinvestlocallyandtradeglobally，andadvisethemonwaystheycanmanagerisk.Toapplyforourscheme，youneeda2：1degreeoraboveinanydisciplinefromanyuniversity.Location：OurgraduateschemesarebasedinvariouscitiesaroundtheUK，includingLondon，Birmingham，EdinburghandBristol.WHATYOU’LLBEDOING◆Attendingclientmeetingstounderstandtheirneedsandofferingsolutionstosupportthem.◆ManagingtheGroup’sexposuretoriskandassessinginvestmentopportunities.RiskManagementGraduateSchemeIfyouareeagertolearnhowanationalorganizationprotectsitselfanditscustomersfromdifferentthreats，you’llbeagreatfitforourRiskManagementteams.Whatyouneedisjusta2：2degreeorabove.Location：ThefirstplacementwillbeinBristol，followedbythreeplacementsinLondon.WHATYOU’LLBEDOING◆Developingyourunderstandingofcreditrisks，riskanalysisandfinancialmodeling.◆Usingartificialintelligence(AI)tosimplifyourriskmanagementprocesses.FinanceGraduateSchemeFinanceteamsarethetrustedadvisorstoourbusiness.And，oncetheyunderstandhowabusinessworks，theycandevelopstrategiesthathelptransformit，withinafast－changingindustry.Accountingandfinancegraduatesarequalifiedforthisscheme.Location：London.WHATYOU’LLBEDOING◆Buildingrelationshipswithcolleaguesandcustomerstobetterunderstandtheirneeds.◆Reviewingourpracticesandcontributingideasonthewayswecanimprovethem.ManufacturingGraduateSchemeWe’retheUK’ssecondlargestfreshfoodmanufacturer.We’reuniqueinthewaywesourceandmakemostofourfreshfoodourselves.Tojoinus，it’scrucialthatyouhavetoownadrivinglicense.Besides，youmusthaveapassionforfoodqualityandsafety.Thosewhohaveaminimum2：2degreeandarefluentinChinesewillbepreferred.Location：London.WHATYOU’LLBEDOING◆Workingwithavarietyofteamsatseveralofourmanufacturingsites.◆Goingonplacementinstorestolearnmoreaboutourretailoperations.【语篇解读】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了四个毕业生计划，对毕业生的要求，招聘地点以及工作要求。1.WhichgraduateschemessuitpeoplewhowanttostayinBristol?A.FinanceGraduateSchemeandRiskManagementGraduateScheme.B.ManufacturingGraduateSchemeandFinanceGraduateScheme.C.RiskManagementGraduateSchemeandManufacturingGraduateScheme.D.CommercialBankingGraduateSchemeandRiskManagementGraduateScheme.答案D[细节理解题。根据CommercialBankingGraduateScheme部分中的“Location：Ourgraduateschemes...andBristol.”以及RiskManagementGraduateScheme部分中的“Location：Thefirst...inLondon.”可知，CommercialBankingGraduateScheme和RiskManagementGraduateScheme适合那些想留在布里斯托尔的人。]2.WhatwillyoubedoingoncefinishingtheFinanceGraduateScheme?A.Reviewingideasonthewaystoimprovethem.B.Masteringmoreknowledgeaboutretailoperations.C.Creatingbondswithcustomerstoknowthemwell.D.UsingAItomakeriskmanagementeasy.答案C[细节理解题。根据FinanceGraduateScheme部分中的“WHATYOU’LLBEDOING”可知，完成金融毕业生计划后，你会与客户建立联系，了解他们。]3.WhichisamusttoapplyforManufacturingGraduateScheme?A.Apassionforfood. B.Adrivinglicense.C.AcertificateforChinese. D.Ahealthcertificate.答案B[细节理解题。根据ManufacturingGraduateScheme部分中“Tojoinus，it’scrucialthatyouhavetoownadrivinglicense.”可知，申请该计划需要有驾驶执照。]HowardSchultzwasn’tthefirstpersontobecarriedawaybythepleasantsmellofawell－roastedcoffeebean.ButtheStarbucksCoffeeCo.leaderwasundoubtedlythefirsttoturnthatdreamintoabilliondollarretailbusiness.Schultz’sadventurestartedin1981whenhetraveledfromNewYorktoSeattletocheckoutapopularcoffeebeanstorecalled“Starbucks”.IthadbeenbuyingmanyoftheHammarplastSwedishdripcoffeemakers(滴滤式煮咖啡壶)hewasselling.Therewasthatgreatsmell，sure，butwhatcausedhimtofallinlovewiththebusinesswasthecaretheStarbucksownersputintochoosingandroastingthebeans.Hewasalsoimpressedwiththeowners’devotiontoeducatingthepublicaboutthewondersofthecoffee.IttookSchultzayeartoconvincetheStarbucksownerstohirehim.Whentheyfinallymadehimdirectorofmarketingandoperationsin1982，hehadanotheridea.ThisoneoccurredinItaly，whenSchultznoticedthecoffeebarsthatexistedonalmosteveryblock.Helearnedthattheynotonlyservedexcellentespressos(蒸馏咖啡)，theyalsoservedasmeetingplacesorpublicsquares，andtherewere200，000oftheminthecountry.ButwhenhecamebacktoSeattle，theStarbucksownersresistedSchultz’splanstoservecoffeeinthestores，sayingtherestaurantbusinesswascompetitive，anditwascostlytohirewaiters.Afterall，economicbenefitsweretheirprimarymotivator.Frustrated，Schultzquitandstartedhisowncoffee－barbusinessin1985，named“ⅡGiornale”.Itwassuccessful，andtwoyearslater，theoriginalStarbucksmanagementsolditsStarbucksretailunittoSchultzfor$3.8million.Asthecompanybegantoexpandrapidlyinthe1990s，Schultzalwayssaidthatthemaingoalwas“toserveagreatcupofcoffee”.Askedaboutthesecretofhissuccess，Schultztoldustheprinciples，“Don’tbethreatenedbypeoplesmarterthanyou.Compromiseanythingbutyourcorevalues.”【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了霍华德·舒尔茨带领星巴克咖啡公司走向成功的故事。4.WhatcausedSchultztojointheStarbucks?A.Thepleasantsmellofitscoffeebean.B.Hisstrongdesiretoimprovehimself.C.Theowners’impressiveworkattitude.D.Hiseagernesstosellmorecoffeemakers.答案C[推理判断题。根据第三段及第四段中的“IttookSchultzayeartoconvincetheStarbucksownerstohirehim.”可推知，老板令人印象深刻的工作态度促使舒尔茨加入了星巴克。]5.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSchultz’spersonality?A.Committedandgenerous. B.Sociableandhelpful.C.Motivatedandconsiderate. D.Determinedandcreative.答案D[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可推知，舒尔茨的成功源于他的创新和坚持，所以坚定和创新是对舒尔茨性格的最佳描述。]6.WhydidtheStarbucksownersrefusetoservecoffeeinthestores?A.ManycoffeebarshadexistedinSeattle.B.Peoplepreferredtastingcoffeeathome.C.Workforcewasinsufficientinthemarket.D.Theytriedtoavoidhighcostoflaborforce.答案D[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“ButwhenhecamebacktoSeattle...economicbenefitsweretheirprimarymotivator.”可知，星巴克的老板拒绝在店里供应咖啡，因为他们试图避免高昂的劳动力成本。]7.WhatdoesSchultzthinkcontributestohissuccess?A.Learningfromsmarterpeople. B.Stickingtohisowncorevalues.C.Keepinghisbusinessasecret. D.Rememberingasetofprinciples.答案B[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的最后一句可知，舒尔茨认为，坚持自己的核心价值观是他成功的原因。]Forthepastthreedecades，RichardSears，71，hasbeenfocusedononething：tellingthestoriesbehindChinesecharacters.HisinterestinChineselanguageandcharactersgoesbackto1972，whenhewasa22－year－oldphysicsmajoratPortlandStateUniversityinOregon.“Irealizedonly7percentoftheworldspeakEnglishasamothertongue.So，Iwantedtoknowwhatitwasliketospeakanotherlanguage.”By1990，SearswasalreadyprettyfluentinChinese，buthedidnotknowhowtoread.ToSears，thecharacterswerecomplexwithmanystrokesandalmostnoapparentlogic.“I’maphysicist，soIdon’tlikeblindmemorizationinlearninglanguages.IknewthatChinesecharacterscamefrompictographs(象形文字)andIwantedtoknowthestoriesbehindtheChinesecharacters.”Ashestudied，Searsrealizedquicklythatmanyoftheexplanationscouldnotpossiblybetrue.Inordertopickoutthegoodones，hedecidedtocomputerizethecharacters.Hescannedabout96，000ancientcharacters.Thedatabaseofancientcharacterscameintobeing，buthewantedtoexplainthestep－by－stepevolvementofthesecharactersfromtheoriginalpictographstothemodernsimplifiedforms.Hefinallygothiswebsiteupin2002andnameditChineseEtymology(词源)，wherevisitorscancheckforfreetheevolvementofChinesecharactersinvariousforms.Between2002and2011，thewebsitewouldget11，000or15，000hitsaday.Suddenly，inJanuary2011，clickstothewebsitewentupto600，000inoneday.OvernighthebecameUncleHanzi，anicknamegivenbyChinesenetizens，afteroneofthemsharedhiswebsiteonChinesesocialmedia.Inadditiontothewebsite，inSeptemberlastyear，Searssetuphisstudio，focusingonapplyingAR，animationandartificialintelligencetotellingstoriesofChinesecultureandcharacterorigins，inNanjingaspartofthelocalauthority’splantocultivatetalentintheculturesector.“TheyhavebothentertainmentvalueforyoungChineseandeducationalvalueandcanteachtheoriginsofChinesecharacters，”hesays.“WealsowanttomakevideoswithahigheducationalvalueforotherplatformsbothforChineseandforeignlearnersofChinesecharacters.”【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍71岁的理查德·西尔斯专注于研究汉字背后的故事。8.WhatdoweknowaboutRichardSears?A.HelearnedChinesetoimprovehisphysics.B.HehasmadeanexplorationintoChinesecharacters.C.HewasfluentinreadingChinesefromthebeginning.D.Hewasconcernedaboutthespreadofhismothertongue.答案B[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Forthepastthreedecades...tellingthestoriesbehindChinesecharacters.”和第二段中的“ToSears，thecharacterswerecomplexwithmanystrokesandalmostnoapparentlogic.”可知，理查德·西尔斯对汉字进行了探索。]9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ones”inParagraph3referto?A.Explanations. B.Characters.C.Pictographs. D.Languages.答案A[词义猜测题。根据第三段划线词前句“Ashestudied，Searsrealizedquicklythatmanyoftheexplanationscouldnotpossiblybetrue.”可知，为了挑选出好的解释，他决定将这些汉字电脑化。所以ones指代前句中的“explanations(解释)”。]10.WhatcanbeinferredaboutSears’website?A.Ithasmadeabigprofitfromnetizensvisitingit.B.Itgainedpopularityshortlyafterbeingestablished.C.ItfocusesonthesimplificationofChinesecharacters.D.ItbringstheevolvementofChinesecharacterstothepublic.答案D[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Hefinallygothiswebsiteupin2002...freetheevolvementofChinesecharactersinvariousforms.”可推断，西尔斯的网站把汉字的演变带给了大众。]11.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeRichardSears?A.Enthusiasticanddevoted. B.Wisebutcareless.C.Ambitiousandhumorous. D.Generousbutstubborn.答案A[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Forthepastthreedecades...tellingthestoriesbehindChinesecharacters.”和第四段中的“Hefinallygothiswebsiteupin2002...freetheevolvementofChinesecharactersinvariousforms.”可知，理查德·西尔斯一直专注于讲述汉字背后的故事并让访问者免费查看各种形式的汉字的演变，从而推断说明他对汉字的研究富有热情且乐于奉献。]Ⅱ.七选五(2024·浙江四校5月联考)Asmuchas80percentofprematureheartdiseaseispreventablebymakingspecificlifestylechoices.1Butothersmaynothavecrossedyourmind.“Asmallchangeinyoureverydayroutinecanpotentiallyhaveabigimpactinthelongrun，”sayspreventivecardiologistDr.BethAbramson.·Geteighthoursofsleep.“Whenyou’renotrested,everythingthathappensinyourlifeisalotmorestressful，”saysDr.AryaSharma,aprofessorofmedicineattheUniversityofAlberta.Ifwe’resleepdeprived,ourbodiesalsohavemoredifficultycontrollingbloodpressure,inflammationandglucoselevels.2·3Doinggoodforothershelpsyourself－esteemandrelievesstress.ResearchpublishedinPsychosomaticMedicinein2016showedthatafeelingofpurposeinlifeislinkedtoalowerlikelihoodofheartattackandstroke.“Weknowthatlonelinessisariskfactorforhearthealth，”addsSharma.“Volunteeringgetsyououtofthehouseandcreatesasocialnetwork.”·Avoidpollutedair.Exposuretothiskindofpollutionovertimeraisesyourriskofheartdisease.InhalingcontaminantsformedfromchemicalslikeSulphur(硫)dioxide,carbonandnitrogenoxidesmayirritatearteries(动脉)andincreaseinflammation.4Trytogetyouroutdoorexercisefarawayfromhighwaysandindustrialdistricts,andspendmoretimeindoorswhentheairqualityindexispoor.·Eatbreakfast.ArecentstudyintheJournaloftheAmericanCollegeofCardiologyfoundthathealthypeoplewhoskippedbreakfastwerealmostthreetimesmorelikelytohaveheartdiseasesixyearslaterthanthosewhopartookinasubstantialmorningmeal.AccordingtoAbramson,youneedtoeatabalanceddietaspartofahealthylifestyle.5Ifyou’reeati