隧道施工项目八隧道防排水工程施工ProjectConst

Tunnelconstruction

隧道施工

项目八隧道防排水工程施工Project8Constructionoftunnelwaterproofanddrainageworks任务一防排水知识Task1Waterproofanddrainageknowledge2知识目标通过本任务的学习，学生应掌握隧道的防排水原则；了解隧道防排水的基本要求；熟悉隧道防水类型的分类。KnowledgeobjectivesThroughthestudyofthistask,studentsshouldmasterthewaterproofanddrainageprinciplesoftunnels;Understandthebasicrequirementsoftunnelwaterproofanddrainage;Familiarwiththeclassificationoftunnelwaterprooftypes.学习目标

Learningobjectives3能力目标通过本任务的学习，学生应具备选择隧道防水类型的能力；具有对所从事职业的使命感和责任感。AbilityobjectivesThroughthestudyofthistask,studentsshouldhavetheabilitytoselectthetypeoftunnelwaterproof;Haveasenseofmissionandresponsibilityfortheprofession.学习目标

Learningobjectives课程引入：为什么要进行隧道防排水工程施工Courseintroduction:whyshouldwecarryouttunnelwaterproofanddrainageengineeringconstruction

隧道时刻受到地下水的渗透作用，若不做防排水或者设施不完善，地下水会浸入隧道，发生渗漏水病害，影响隧道稳定，影响通车安全。Thetunnelisalwaysaffectedbytheinfiltrationofgroundwater.Ifwaterproofanddrainagearenotdoneorthefacilitiesarenotperfect,thegroundwaterwillimmerseintothetunnel,causingleakagediseases,affectingthestabilityofthetunnelandthesafetyoftraffic.隧道渗漏水病害Tunnelleakagedisease防水等级Waterproofgrade要求Requirement一级LevelI不允许渗水，结构表面无湿渍Nowaterseepageisallowed,andthereisnowetstainonthestructuralsurface二级LevelII不允许漏水，结构表面可有少量湿渍Waterleakageisnotallowed,andtheremaybeasmallamountofwetstainsonthestructuralsurface三级LevelIII有少量漏水点，不得有线流和漏泥砂Thereareafewwaterleakagepoints,andnowiredflowandmudandsandleakageareallowed四级LevelIV有漏水点，不得有线流和漏泥砂Iftherearewaterleakagepoints,thereshallbenowiredflowandmudandsandleakage防水等级表Waterproofgradetable隧道是百年大计，按一级防水考虑，施工中需精益求精，注重质量，保障安全。Thetunnelisalong-termproject.Consideringthefirst-classwaterproof,itisnecessarytokeepimproving,payattentiontoqualityandensuresafety.课程引入：为什么要进行隧道防排水工程施工Courseintroduction:whyshouldwecarryouttunnelwaterproofanddrainageengineeringconstruction一、隧道防排水原则

Ⅰ.Principleoftunnelwaterproofanddrainage防、排、截、堵相结合，因地制宜，综合治理Combinationofprevention,drainage,interceptionandplugging,comprehensivemanagementaccordingtolocalconditions1.防：隧道衬砌应具有一定的防水能力，防止地下水渗入。1.Waterproof:thetunnelliningshallhavecertainwaterproofcapacitytopreventgroundwaterinfiltration.

二次衬砌Secondarylining

防水层Waterprooflayer2.排：衬砌背后空隙及围岩不积水，减少衬砌背后的渗水压力和渗水量。2.Drainage:Thereisnopondinginthegapandsurroundingrockbehindtheliningtoreducethewaterseepagepressureandwaterseepagebehindthelining.

缓冲垫层Cushion

环向盲管Annularblindpipe一、隧道防排水原则

Ⅰ.Principleoftunnelwaterproofanddrainage

纵、横向盲管Longitudinalandtransverseblindpipes

侧排水沟Sidedrainageditch一、隧道防排水原则

Ⅰ.Principleoftunnelwaterproofanddrainage2.排：衬砌背后空隙及围岩不积水，减少衬砌背后的渗水压力和渗水量。2.Drainage:Thereisnopondinginthegapandsurroundingrockbehindtheliningtoreducethewaterseepagepressureandwaterseepagebehindthelining.3.截：指在洞外和衬砌外侧采用工程措施拦截引导流向隧道的水源。如增设洞顶截水沟、修建泄水洞等，将地表水或地下水截流、汇集排出，防止积水流入隧道。3.Interception:itreferstotheuseofengineeringmeasuresoutsidethetunnelandliningtointerceptthewatersourceleadingtothetunnel.Forexample,aninterceptingditchonthetopofthetunnelandadischargetunnelshallbebuilttointercept,collectanddischargethesurfacewaterorgroundwatertopreventpondingfromflowingintothetunnel.

洞顶截水沟Tunneltopinterceptingditch

泄水洞Dischargetunnel一、隧道防排水原则

Ⅰ.Principleoftunnelwaterproofanddrainage4.堵：指在隧道内对衬砌表面可见的渗漏处，封堵归槽，引排至隧道排水系统。如衬砌圬工内压浆、喷浆、喷涂乳化沥青和抹面封闭等内贴式防水层。堵水不单单是堵，还要保证堵水归槽，使地下水按照预定的路径排走。4.Blocking:referstoblockingthereturnchannelattheleakagevisibletotheliningsurfaceinthetunnelandleadingittothetunneldrainagesystem.Suchasliningmasonryinternalgrouting,shotcreting,sprayingemulsifiedasphaltandplasteringsealing.Waterblockingisnotonlyblocking,butalsoensuringthattheblockedwaterreturnstothetanksothatthegroundwatercanbedischargedaccordingtothepredeterminedpath.·一、隧道防排水原则

Ⅰ.Principleoftunnelwaterproofanddrainage二、隧道防排水的基本要求

Ⅱ.Basicrequirementsfortunnelwaterproofanddrainage（一）铁路隧道1.衬砌不渗水，安装设备的孔眼不渗水；2.道床排水不畅通，不浸水；3.有冻害地段的隧道，衬砌背后不积水、排水沟不冻结。（1）RailwayTunnel1.Theliningshallbefreefromwaterseepage,andtheholesforinstallingequipmentshallbefreefromwaterseepage;2.Theballastbeddrainageisnotsmoothanddoesnotsoak;3.Fortunnelsinfrostdamagedsections,thereisnopondingbehindtheliningandthedrainageditchisnotfrozen.（二）公路隧道1.高速公路、一级公路、二级公路防水要求：拱部、边墙、路面、设备箱洞不渗水；有冻害地段隧道衬砌背后不积水；排水沟不冻结；车行横通道、人行横通道等服务通道拱部不滴水，边墙不淌水。（2）Highwaytunnel1.Waterproofrequirementsforexpressway,classIHighwayandclassIIHighway:Arch,sidewall,pavementandequipmentboxholeshallbefreeofwaterseepage;Thereisnopondingbehindthetunnellininginthefrostdamagedsection;Thedrainageditchisnotfrozen;Thearchesofservicechannelssuchasvehiclecrosspassageandpedestriancrosspassageshallnotdrip,andthesidewallsshallnotdrip.二、隧道防排水的基本要求

Ⅱ.Basicrequirementsfortunnelwaterproofanddrainage（二）公路隧道2.三级公路、四级公路隧道防水要求：拱部、边墙不滴水，路面不积水，设备箱洞不渗水；有冻害地段的隧道衬砌背后不积水，排水沟不冻结。

3.采取防排水工程施工时，应注意保护自然环境。（2）Highwaytunnel2.WaterproofrequirementsforclassIIIHighwayandclassIVHighwayTunnels:Thearchandsidewallshallnotdrip,theroadsurfaceshallnotaccumulatewater,andtheequipmentboxholeshallnotseep;Thereisnopondingbehindthetunnellininginthefrostdamagedsection,andthedrainageditchisnotfrozen.3.Payattentiontoprotectingthenaturalenvironmentduringtheconstructionofwaterproofanddrainageworks.二、隧道防排水的基本要求

Ⅱ.Basicrequirementsfortunnelwaterproofanddrainage三、隧道防水类型分类

Ⅲ.Classificationoftunnelwaterprooftypes防水型隧道Waterprooftunnel排水型隧道Drainagetunnel控制排水型隧道Controlleddrainagetunnel不控制排水型隧道Uncontrolleddrainagetunnel防水型隧道Waterprooftunnel武广客运专线浏阳河隧道LiuyangheTunnelofWuhanGuangzhouPassengerDedicatedLine通过采取各种防水措施，如防水层、止水带等，将水封堵在隧道衬砌以外。一般在静水头30米以内的地方广泛适用，60米水头是防水型隧道的上限。实践证明，即使精心设计和施工的隧道，也可能会产生渗漏，所以，在隧道中也设置了排水系统，为隧道渗漏预留排水通道。三、隧道防水类型分类

Ⅲ.ClassificationoftunnelwaterprooftypesBytakingvariouswaterproofmeasures,suchaswaterprooflayerandwaterstop,thewaterisblockedoutsidethetunnellining.Generally,itiswidelyapplicablewithin30mofthestillwaterhead,andthe60mheadistheupperlimitofthewaterprooftunnel.Practicehasprovedthateventhecarefullydesignedandconstructedtunnelmayproduceleakage.Therefore,adrainagesystemisalsosetinthetunneltoreservedrainagechannelsfortunnelleakage.排水型隧道Drainagetunnel通常，在高水位以及不允许过量排放地下水处修建隧道时，会采取“以堵为主，限量排放”的原则，即控制排水。而地下水的允许排放量，一般是根据隧道周围具体情况确定的。Generally,whenbuildingtunnelsathighwaterlevelandplaceswhereexcessivedischargeofgroundwaterisnotallowed,theprincipleof"blockingfirstandlimiteddischarge"willbeadopted,thatis,drainagecontrol.Theallowabledischargeofgroundwaterisgenerallydeterminedaccordingtothespecificconditionsaroundthetunnel.挪威跨海隧道Norwegiancrossseatunnel圆梁山隧道Yuanliangshantunnel三、隧道防水类型分类

Ⅲ.Classificationoftunnelwaterprooftypes

若地面生态和社会环境敏感，则要求严格限制排水，特别是在隧道地区居民分布密集或存在地下水供水水源，大量排水会对环境造成重大影响的场合，宜优先设计防水型隧道；若隧道穿过岩溶发育带、断层破碎带，围岩中地下水丰富，以排为主会影响生态环境时，宜选用“以堵为主，限量排放”的控制排水型隧道；若地下水较多，且排放对生态环境影响不大时，可选择不控制排水型隧道。排水型隧道Drainagetunnel三、隧道防水类型分类

Ⅲ.ClassificationoftunnelwaterprooftypesIfthegroundecologicalandsocialenvironmentissensitive,itisrequiredtostrictlyrestrictthedrainage,especiallyinthecasewheretherearedenseresidentsinthetunnelareaortherearegroundwatersupplysources,andalargeamountofdrainagewillhaveasignificantimpactontheenvironment,thewaterprooftunnelshouldbedesignedfirst;Ifthetunnelpassesthroughthekarstdevelopmentzoneandfaultfracturezone,andthegroundwaterinthesurroundingrockisrich,mainlydrainage,whichwillaffecttheecologicalenvironment,thecontrolleddrainage