隧道施工项目七监控量测ItemMonitoringand

Tunnelconstruction

隧道施工

项目七监控量测Item7Monitoringandmeasurement任务一监控量测概述Task1Overviewofmonitoringandmeasurement2知识目标通过本任务的学习，学生应了解隧道监控量测的任务、目的和流程，掌握隧道的必测项目的名称。KnowledgeobjectivesThroughthestudyofthistask,studentsshouldunderstandthetask,purposeandprocessoftunnelmonitoringandmeasurement,andmasterthenameofthenecessarymeasurementitemsofthetunnel.学习目标

Learningobjectives3能力目标通过本任务的学习，学生能够辨别必测和选测项目；具有强烈的责任意识。AbilityobjectivesThroughthestudyofthistask,studentscandistinguishtherequiredtestitemsfromtheselectedtestitems;Haveastrongsenseofresponsibility.学习目标

Learningobjectives监控量测的概念

Conceptofmonitoringandmeasurement在隧道的施工过程中，使用各种仪器设备和量测元件，对地表沉降、围岩与支护结构的变形、应力、应变进行量测，据此来判断隧道开挖对地表环境的影响范围和程度、围岩的稳定性和支护的工作状态，这种工作称为现场监控量测。Intheprocessoftunnelconstruction,variousinstruments,equipmentandmeasuringelementsareusedtomeasurethesurfacesettlement,deformation,stressandstrainofsurroundingrockandsupportstructure,soastojudgetheinfluencerangeanddegreeoftunnelexcavationonthesurfaceenvironment,thestabilityofsurroundingrockandtheworkingstateofsupport.Thisworkiscalledon-sitemonitoringmeasurement.为了使监控量测能充分发挥技术经济效益，要求隧道设计、施工单位编制切实可行的监控量测计划，并在施工中认真组织实施。量测计划应根据隧道的围岩条件、支护类型和参数、施工方法以及所确定的量测项目的进行编制。同时应考虑量测的费用的经济性，并注意与施工进度相适应。Inordertogivefullplaytothetechnicalandeconomicbenefitsofmonitoringandmeasurement,tunneldesignandconstructionunitsarerequiredtopreparepracticalmonitoringandmeasurementplansandcarefullyorganizetheirimplementationduringconstruction.Themeasurementplanshallbepreparedaccordingtothesurroundingrockconditionsofthetunnel,supporttypesandparameters,constructionmethodsandthedeterminedmeasurementitems.Atthesametime,theeconomyofmeasurementcostshallbeconsidered,andattentionshallbepaidtoadapttotheconstructionprogress.监控量测的概念

Conceptofmonitoringandmeasurement监控测量的目的

Purposeofmonitoringandmeasurement确保施工安全及结构的长期稳定性。验证支护结构效果，确认支护结构参数和施工方法的准确性或为调整支护参数和施工方法提供依据。确定二次衬砌施作时间。监控工程对周围环境的影响。积累量测数据，为信息化设计和施工提供依据。Ensureconstructionsafetyandlong-termstabilityofthestructure.Verifytheeffectofsupportstructure,confirmtheaccuracyofsupportstructureparametersandconstructionmethods,orprovidebasisforadjustingsupportparametersandconstructionmethods.Determinetheconstructiontimeofsecondarylining.Monitortheimpactoftheprojectonthesurroundingenvironment.Accumulatemeasurementdatatoprovidebasisforinformationdesignandconstruction.监控量测的任务

Taskofmonitoringmeasurement通过对围岩与支护的观察和动态量测，以达到合理安排隧道施工程序、日常施工管理、确保施工安全、修改设计参数和积累资料。通过对围岩和支护的变位、应力量测，掌握围岩的支护的动态信息并及时反馈，修改支护系统设计，指导施工作业和管理等。Throughtheobservationanddynamicmeasurementofsurroundingrockandsupport,wecanreasonablyarrangetunnelconstructionprocedures,dailyconstructionmanagement,ensureconstructionsafety,modifydesignparametersandaccumulatedata.Throughthedisplacementandstressmeasurementofsurroundingrockandsupport,masterthedynamicinformationofsurroundingrocksupportandgivefeedbackintime,modifythedesignofsupportsystem,guideconstructionoperationandmanagement,etc.监控量测的任务

Taskofmonitoringmeasurement经监测数据的分析处理与必要的计算和判断后，进行预测和反馈，以保证施工安全和隧道围岩及支护衬砌结构的稳定。对已有的隧道工程的监测结果，可以分析和应用到其他类似工程中，作为指导设计和施工的重要依据。Aftertheanalysisandprocessingofmonitoringdataandnecessarycalculationandjudgment,predictionandfeedbackarecarriedouttoensuretheconstructionsafetyandthestabilityoftunnelsurroundingrockandsupportliningstructure.Themonitoringresultsofexistingtunnelprojectscanbeanalyzedandappliedtoothersimilarprojectsasanimportantbasisforguidingdesignandconstruction.监控量测的流程

Monitoringandmeasuringprocess监控量测的项目—（1）必测项目

Monitoringandmeasuringitems-(1)requireditems通过必测项目是必须进行的常规量测项目，是保证隧道周边环境和围岩的稳定以及施工安全，同时反映设计、施工状态而需进行的日常监控量测项目。这类量测通常测试方法简单、费用少、可靠性高，但对监测围岩稳定、指导设计施工却有巨大作用。必测项目是隧道监测的重点，主要包括：Themandatorymeasurementitemisaroutinemeasurementitemthatmustbecarriedout.Itisadailymonitoringmeasurementitemthatneedstobecarriedouttoensurethestabilityofthesurroundingenvironmentandsurroundingrockofthetunnelandconstructionsafety,andreflectthedesignandconstructionstatus.Thiskindofmeasurementusuallyhastheadvantagesofsimpletestmethod,lowcostandhighreliability,butitplaysagreatroleinmonitoringthestabilityofsurroundingrockandguidingthedesignandconstruction.Thenecessarysurveyitemsarethekeypointsoftunnelmonitoring,mainlyincluding:监控量测的项目—（1）必测项目

Monitoringandmeasuringitems-(1)requireditems隧道内、外目测观察；隧道净空位移测量；拱顶下沉测量；地表沉降。Visualobservationinsideandoutsidethetunnel;Tunnelclearancedisplacementmeasurement;Vaultsubsidencemeasurement;Surfacesubsidence.监控量测的项目—（2）选测项目

Monitoringandmeasuringitems-(2)selectedmeasuringitems选测项目是为了满足隧道设计和施工特殊需要，由设计文件规定的在局部地段进行的监控量测项目，主要包括：Inordertomeetthespecialneedsoftunneldesignandconstruction,theselectedmeasurementitemsarethemonitoringandmeasurementitemsspecifiedinthedesigndocumentsinlocalsections,mainlyincluding:隧底隆起；Axialforceofanchorrod;围岩压力；Internaldisplacementofsurroundingrock;钢架内力；Blastingvibration;喷射混凝土内力；Porewaterpressure;二次衬砌内力；Contactpressurebetweenprimarysupportandsecondarylining.锚杆轴力；Tunnelbottomuplift;围岩内部位移；Surroundingrockpressure;爆破振动；Internalforceofsteelframe;孔隙水压力；Internalforceofshotcrete;初期支护与二次衬砌间接触压力;Internalforceofsecondarylining;敬业精神

Professionalism监控量测关系隧道的安全，是隧道正常施工的保障，这就要求我们在以后的量测工作中要一丝不苟，大力发扬“敬业精神”。发挥本职和岗位的职能、遵守量测程序、完成量测的责任，营造浓厚的学习氛围，促使我们不断掌握量测新技术、新工艺，不断增加技术业务能力的储备，不断更新知识结构，不断提高管理水平，毕业后成为业务骨干和技术尖兵，以过硬的职业技能实践敬业精神，为国家做贡献，为企业创效益、树信誉。Monitoringandmeasurementisrelatedtothesafetyofthetunnelandtheguaranteeofnormaltunnelconstruction,whichrequiresustobemeticulousandvigorouslycarryforwardthe"professionalism"inthefuture