山东省济宁市2024年中考英语试题含解析答案

山东省济宁市2024年中考英语试题一、阅读理解(共15小题，满分30分阅读下列短文，从每小题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出能回答所提问题的最佳答案。Darrell:Marina...Marina...MARINA!Marins:Oh,sorry.Ididn'thearyou.Iwasthinkingaboutmyhomework.Darrell:What'sitabout?Marina:Well,Ineedtodrawafuturehouseformyartclass,butIhaven'tgotanyideas.MaybeIshouldgotothelibraryandlookforsomethinguseful.Darrell:OryoucantryPinterest.Marina:Isn'titashoppingapp?Darrell:Notreally.ManypeoplesharetheirworksonPinterestandtellyouhowtheymadethem.I'msureyoucangetsomeideasthere.Marina:Soundslikeyouuseitoften.Darrell:Yeah.JustlastweekIwentthereandfoundtheAtoZofmakingchocolate.cake—fromchoosinggoodchocolatetobaking(烘烤)thecaketomakingsugarflowersontop.Marina:Really?I'llcheckitoutlater.Thanksalot.1．What'sMarina'shomework?A．Todrawafuturehouse.B．Togetideasforopeningalibrary.C．Tolookforsomethingusefultodo.D．Todosomeshoppingforherartclass.2．WhydidDarrelltellMarinatogotoPinterest?A．Togetashoppingapp.B．Tomeetsomenewfriends.C．Tofindsomehelpfulexamples.D．Toshareherworkswithpeople.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"AtoZ"mean?A．Allletters. B．Chocolatecakes.C．Sugarflowersontop. D．Everythingaboutsomething.【答案】1．A2．C3．D【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了Darrell建议Marina使用Pinterest来获取绘制未来房子的灵感。

【点评】考查阅读理解，注意回到原文找答案：在回答问题时，要回到原文中寻找答案，尽量选择与原文一致的选项。1．细节理解题。根据"Well,Ineedtodrawafuturehouseformyartclass,butIhaven'tgotanyideas."可知，Marina的作业是为她的美术课画一座未来的房子。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据"ManypeoplesharetheirworksonPinterestandtellyouhowtheymadethem.I'msureyoucangetsomeideasthere."可知，Darrell建议Marina去Pinterest是为了找到一些有用的例子。故选C。3．词义猜测题。根据"JustlastweekIwentthereandfoundtheAtoZofmakingchocolatecake—fromchoosinggoodchocolatetobaking(烘烤)thecaketomakingsugarflowersontop."可知，Darrell在Pinterest上找到了制作巧克力蛋糕的所有步骤，从选择好的巧克力到烘烤蛋糕再到制作糖花。因此，"AtoZ"指的是关于某事物的所有内容。故选D。阅读下列短文，从每小题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出能回答所提问题的最佳答案。4．Whatshouldyoudoifyoufindababybirdhurt?A．Justleaveitthere. B．Calltheanimalcenter.C．Putitbacktoitsnest. D．Feeditwithhealthyfood.5．Whyshouldyoudonothingaboutanunhurtbabybirdwithfeathers?A．Becauseyoumighthurtit.B．Becauseitislearningtofly.C．Becauseitisafraidofpeople.D．Becauseitsmotherwillfinditsoon.6．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutmotherbirds?A．Theydon'tcareabouttheirbabies.B．Theypushtheirbabiesoutoftheirnest.C．Theydon'tmindthesmellofpeopleontheirbabies.D．Theywillgiveuptheirbabiesifthere'ssmellofpeopleonthem.7．Wheredoyoumostprobablyfindthispassage?A．Inanewspaper. B．Inanengineer'sdiary.C．Inatouristguidebook. D．Inastudent'snotebook.【答案】4．B5．B6．D7．D【解析】【分析】本文是修饰笔记，记录了我们正确如何对待幼鸟。

【点评】考查阅读理解，注意排除干扰选项：在选择答案时，要排除那些与原文不符或无关的干扰选项，尽量选择与原文一致的选项。4．细节题。根据IfthebirdisHURT:Calltheanimalcenter(0-123-4/567).，可知如果发现小鸟受伤了该打电话给动物中心，故选B。5．细节题。根据IfithasFEATHERS:Justleaveitthere，It'slearninghowtofly!，可知你不应该对一只没有受伤、长着羽毛的幼鸟采取任何行动，是因为它正在学习如何飞翔，故选B。6．细节题。根据Peoplebelievebirdswillgiveuptheirbobiesiftheyhavethesmellofpeopleonthem，可知如果幼鸟身上有人的气味，它们就会放弃它们，故选D。7．文章出处题。根据Class:Science，可知在学生的笔记本上找到此文，故选D。阅读下列短文，从每小题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出能回答所提问题的最佳答案。Haveyoueverseenorusedasaw,or"ju"inChinese?Doyouknowwhoinventedit?TheinventorwasLuBan.HewasborninthestateofLuinancientChinamorethan2,500yearsago.ThatiswhereQufuliesintheeastofJining.LuBanwasthegreatestcarpenter(木匠)inhistime.Oncethekingorderedhimandhisteamtobuildapalaceinaveryshorttime.Theywouldbepunishediftheymissedthedeadline(最后期限).Theyhadonlyaxes,orfuziinChinese,tocutthetreesandpreparethewoodforthepalace,soworkwasveryslow.OnedayLuBanrushedupthehilltoseehowthingsweregoing.Suddenlythesharpteethofaleafcuthishand.Thenabrightideacameintohishead.Soonhemadeatoolwithteethalongthesideofalongironbar(条状物).Withthistool,workbecamemuchfaster,andtheycompletedtheworkbeforethedeadline.Thatishowthesawwasinvented.LuBaninventedmanyotherusefultoolsforcarpentersandinterestingtoysforchildren.TheWoodenBird,forexample,couldstayintheairforthreedays.That'swhyheisregardedastheGodofCarpentry.8．Inwhichpicturecanyouseeasaw?A． B．C． D．9．WhatdidthekingorderLuBanandhismentodo?A．Useonlyaxes. B．Buildapalacequickly.C．Cutthetrees. D．Preparethewood.10．WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytellus?A．HowLuBan'shandwashurt.B．WhyLuBaninventedthesaw.C．Howthesawwasinvented.D．Howthepalacewascompleted.11．WhichofthefollowingdidLuBan'sWoodenBirdworklike?A．Abike. B．Akite. C．Aship. D．Acar.【答案】8．A9．B10．C11．B【解析】【分析】本文介绍了中国古代著名的木匠鲁班及其发明的锯子。

【点评】考查阅读理解，注意略读法：快速浏览文章，了解文章的大意。通过略读，可以了解文章的体裁、背景、主题和结构等信息。8．细节理解题。根据"Soonhemadeatoolwithteethalongthesideofalongironbar(条状物)."可知，很快，他制作了一个长铁棒侧面有齿的工具，故选A。9．细节理解题。根据"Oncethekingorderedhimandhisteamtobuildapalaceinaveryshorttime"可知，国王命令鲁班和他的团队在很短的时间内建造一座宫殿。故选B。10．段落大意题。根据"Suddenlythesharpteethofaleafcuthishand.Thenabrightideacameintohishead.Soonhemadeatoolwithteethalongthesideofalongironbar(条状物)."可知，第四段主要介绍了锯子是如何被发明的。故选C。11．细节理解题。根据"TheWoodenBird,forexample,couldstayintheairforthreedays"可知，鲁班的木鸟可以在空中停留三天，类似于风筝的飞行方式，故选B。阅读下列短文，从每小题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出能回答所提问题的最佳答案Sometimeswhentherainfallshardandfastonyou,itmighthurtalittle.Butwhathappenswhenithitsamosquito(蚊子)?In2012,DavidHu,ascientistatGeorgiaTech,becameinterestedinthisproblemanddecidedtodoaresearch.Heusedahigh-speedcamerasothathecouldwatchthemosquitoesinveryslowmotionandfindoutwhatthey'redoingwhenthey'reoutintherain.Whathefoundisthatwhenaraindropfallsonamosquito,it'slikewhenabushitsaperson.Besides,thelittleinsect(昆虫)ishitbyaraindropaboutonceevery20seconds.Sowhydon'tweseemanydeadmosquitoesafteritrains?Amosquitoisasbigasaraindrop,butitismuchlighter—0.002gonly.Thissavesitslifeinraindrophits.Becausethemosquitoissolight,whenitishitbyaraindrop,itwon'texperienceaforcethatisstrongenoughtokillit.Thestudyalsofoundthatwhenamosquitoishitbyaraindrop,theinsectispushedbytheraindropandfallstogetherwithit.Butthemosquitodoesn'tgetweteasilybecauseitiscoveredwithhairswhichkeepoffwater.Afterdroppingabout6cm,itwillrollofftheraindropandflyaway.However,thistrickisn'talwayssuccessful.Ifthemosquitofliestoolowwhenitishitbytheraindrop,itwon'thavetimetoflyoff.Thenitwillhitthegroundandmeetitsdeath.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"motion"mean?A．Time. B．Movie. C．Step. D．Movement.13．Whatprotectmosquitoesintherain?A．Theirmouthsandtheirnoses.B．Theireyesandtheirears.C．Theirlegsandtheirwings.D．Theirbodyweightandtheirhairs.14．Whenisitdangerousforamosquitointherain?A．Whenitfliestooclosetotheground.B．Whentherainfallstoohardandtoofast.C．Whenitishitbyraindropstoomanytimes.D．Whenitdropsformorethan6cmintherain.15．Whichofthefollowingisapropertitleforthepassage?A．HowRaindropsHurtMosquitoesB．WhenMosquitoesAreinDangerC．WhyMosquitoesAren'tHurtinRainD．WhenMosquitoesMeetTheirDeath【答案】12．D13．D14．A15．C【解析】【分析】本文讲述了科学家DavidHu对雨滴撞击蚊子的研究。

【点评】考查阅读理解，注意学习解题技巧：学习一些解题技巧和方法，如速读、寻读、略读等，可以提高阅读效率和准确率。12．词义猜测题。根据"Heusedahigh-speedcamerasothathecouldwatchthemosquitoes"可知，高速相机可以以非常慢的动作观察蚊子，所以motion表示"动作"。故选D。13．细节理解题。根据"Amosquitoisasbigasaraindrop,butitismuchlighter—0.002gonly.Thissavesitslifeinraindrophits."和"Butthemosquitodoesn'tgetweteasilybecauseitiscoveredwithhairswhichkeepoffwater.Afterdroppingabout6cm,itwillrollofftheraindropandflyaway."可知，蚊子的体重和毛发能在雨中保护蚊子。故选D。14．细节理解题。根据"Ifthemosquitofliestoolowwhenitishitbytheraindrop,itwon'thavetimetoflyoff.Thenitwillhitthegroundandmeetitsdeath"可知，如果蚊子飞得太低，被雨滴击中后没有时间飞走，就会撞到地面而死亡。故选A。15．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了为什么蚊子在雨中不会受伤。WhyMosquitoesAren'tHurtinRain是最佳标题。故选C。二、单词拼写与运用(共8小题，满分8分)根据句意完成已给出首字母或汉语提示的单词，使补全后的句子语意通顺，语法正确。16．Myfavoritecolorisy.【答案】yellow【解析】【分析】句意：我最喜欢的颜色是黄色。根据color和首字母提示，可知是yellow，红色，故填yellow。

【点评】考查单词拼写，注意识记yellow的用法。17．I'mgoingtocamealforDadonFather'sDay.【答案】cook【解析】【分析】句意：父亲节我要给爸爸做一顿饭。根据meal，可知begoingtodo句型中，动词是cook，做饭，故填cook。

【点评】考查单词拼写，注意识记cook，begoingtodo的用法。18．—Couldyoupleasetellmeyouremaila?—Ofcourse.Mary@163.com.【答案】address【解析】【分析】句意：——你能告诉我你的电子邮件地址吗？—Ofcourse.Mary@163.com。根据Mary@163.com，可知是电子邮箱地址，address，名词，故填address。

【点评】考查单词拼写，注意识记address的用法。19．Eatingtoomuchjunkfoodishtoyourhealth.【答案】harmful【解析】【分析】句意：吃太多垃圾食品对你的健康有害。is系动词后用形容词作表语，根据Eatingtoomuchjunkfood，可知对健康有害，harmful，是形容词，有害的，故填harmful。

【点评】考查单词拼写，注意识记harmful的用法。20．Janeisofmedium(身高),andshehascurlyhair.【答案】height【解析】【分析】句意：简身高中等，有一头卷发。身高，height，是名词，beofmediumheight，重点身材，固定搭配，故填height。

【点评】考查单词拼写，注意识记beofmediumheight的用法。21．Theteacher's(善良)haschangedmealot.【答案】kindness【解析】【分析】句意：老师的善良改变了我很多。名词所有格teacher's修饰名词，善良，kindness，是不可数名词，故填kindness。

【点评】考查单词拼写，注意识记kindness的用法。22．It'snecessaryforyoutolearntomakeyourown(选择).【答案】choice【解析】【分析】句意：你有必要学会做出自己的选择。形容词性物主代词your修饰名词，选择，choice，是名词，故填choice。

【点评】考查单词拼写，注意识记choice的用法。23．ItissaidthatShenNongwasthefirstto(发现)teaasadrink.【答案】discover【解析】【分析】句意：据说神农是第一个发现茶作为饮料的人。发现discover，动词，thefirsttodo，第一个做某事的，故用动词原形，故填discover。

【点评】考查单词拼写，注意识记discover，不定式的用法。三、语法填空(共10小题，满分10分阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ADoyouknowChatGPT?It'sanartificialintelligence(AI人工智能)tool.Itcananswerquestions,tell24．(story),anddomuchmore.Butit'svery"thirsty",saidanewstudy.ChatGPThas"homes"aroundtheworldindata(数据)centers.25．itworks,thecomputersinthedatacentersgetveryhot.Workersthenhavetousewatertocool26．(they)down.Coldwatergoesintothepipes(管子)nearthecomputers.WhenyouaskChatGPT20to50questions,it"drinks"500millilitersofwater!BInXi'an,thereisarestaurantownernamedXiongWencheng.He27．(offer)the"No.6combo"—afreemeal,tohelppeopleinneedforthreeyears.Thereisasignontherestaurantdoor,itsays,"▲you28．(experience)ahardtimeinXi'annow?Ifyoucan'taffordameal,youcanentertherestaurantandaskforthe‘No.6combo'."The"No.6combo"ismadeupofabowlofspicysoup.locallycalledhulatang,andabaijimo.It29．(consider)asasecretcode(暗号)betweenthecustomerandtherestaurant.Withthissecretcode,theonewhoisinneedcanask30．helpwithoutfeelingembarrassed.Actually,it'snot31．easyplan.Thecostofthecombois8yuan.Evenif20peopleaskforit,it32．(cost)160yuan.Besidesthe"No.6combo",therestauranthasbeenservingfreebreakfasttostreetsanitationworkers(环卫工人)since2015.Whenaskedwhyhedidthat,Xiong33．(say),"It'spossibleforanyonetomeetdifficulties.Ihopethatthosewhoreceivehelpwill,inturn,giveahandtoothers."【答案】24．stories；25．When；26．them；27．hasbeenoffering；28．experiencing；29．isconsidered；30．for；31．an；32．willcost；33．said【解析】【分析】本文是两篇文章，第一篇介绍了人工智能工具——ChatGPT。另一篇讲述了西安的一位餐馆老板熊文成提供免费餐点"套餐六"来帮助有需要的人，并且自2015年以来一直为街道环卫工人提供免费早餐的故事。

【点评】考查语法填空，注意现在完成进行时，主谓一致，过去时，将来时，一般过去时被动语态的用法。24．句意：它可以回答问题，讲故事，以及做更多的事情。story，可数名词，故事，tellstories"讲故事"，固定短语。故填stories。25．句意：当它工作时，数据中心的计算机会变得非常热。由"…itworks,thecomputersinthedatacentersgetveryhot"可知，此处指当它工作的时候，数据中心的计算机会变热，应用when引导时间状语从句，位于句首首字母需大写。故填When。26．句意：工人们不得不用水给它们降温。they，主格，他们，由"cool…down"可知，动词后跟宾格。故填them。27．句意：三年来，他一直在提供"套餐六"——免费餐，以帮助有需要的人。offer，动词，提供，根据"forthreeyears"可知，此处是强调三年来这个动作一直在进行，应用现在完成进行时：have/hasbeendoing。主语是三单，助动词用has。故填hasbeenoffering。28．句意：餐馆的门上有一个牌子，上面写着："你现在在西安过得很艰难吗？experience，动词，根据"now"可知，本句是现在进行时(bedoing)，空处需用现在分词。故填experiencing。29．句意：它被认为是顾客和餐馆之间的暗号。consider，动词，根据"The‘No.6combo'ismadeupofabowlofspicysoup,"可知，本句是一般现在时，且主语"It"和动词"consider"之间是被动关系，需用一般现在时的被动语态(am/is/are)。主语It是单数，be动词用is，consider的过去分词为considered。故填isconsidered。30．句意：有了这个暗号，有需要的人可以寻求帮助而不会感到尴尬。根据"ask...help"可知，此处是短语askforhelp，表示"寻求帮助"。故填for。31．句意：事实上，这不是一个简单的计划。空处泛指"一个简单的计划"，且"easy"以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故填an。32．句意：即使20个人要，也要花160元。cost，动词，根据"Evenif20peopleaskforit,it...(cost)160yuan."可知，Evenif引导让步状语从句时，如果主从句动作都尚未发生，则遵循"主将从现"原则，即空处所在句子是一般将来时(willdo)。故填willcost。33．句意：当被问及为什么这样做时，熊说："任何人都有可能遇到困难。……"。say，动词，说，根据"Whenaskedwhyhedidthat"可知，说话动作发生在过去，使用一般过去时。故填said。四、完形填空(共7小题，满分7分阅读下面短文，从方框中选择适当的词语填空。方框中有两个词语为多余选项。answer,disappear,hard,like,or,unhappy,satdown,stoodup,whileInavillagenearadesertlivedayoungandsuccessfulbusinessmannamedJames.Heoftenfelt34．becauseoftheendlesschallengeshefaced.Oneday,awiseoldmancametothevillagewith100camels(骆驼).Jameswenttoseehimandsaid,"Ialwayshavebusinessworries,familytroublesandhealthproblems.Pleasetellmehowtomakethem35．."Theoldmansmiledandsaid,"I'llgiveyouan36．tomorrowmorning.Butfirst,canyoudoasmallthingforme?"Jamesagreed.Theoldmanaskedhimtotakecareofthe100camelsforthenight,makingsurethattheyall37．andrestedbeforehecouldgotosleep.Thenextmorning,theoldmanaskedJameshowhisnightwent.Jamessaidsadly,"Ididn'tsleepatall.Nomatterhow38．Itried,Icouldn'tgetallthecamelstosittogether.EvenifImanagedtogetsomecamelstositononeside,afewotherswouldstandontheotherside.""That'strue.Somecamelssatdownontheirown,39．othersrequiredsomeeffort,andyetmanycamelsdidnotsitevenafterquitealotofeffort,"theoldmansaid.Jamesnodded.Theoldmancontinued,"Yourproblemsarejust40．thecamels.Therearealwayssomeproblemsthatcannotgetsolvedevenifyou'vetriedyourbest.Leavesuchproblemstotimeuntilonedaytheythemselvescometoanend."Jamesfeltasenseofunderstanding.Itcompletelychangedthewayhesawlife'schallenges.【答案】34．unhappy；35．disappear；36．answer；37．satdown；38．hard；39．while；40．like【解析】【分析】本文讲述了一个年轻成功的商人詹姆斯在面对生活中的各种挑战时感到不快乐，向一位智者求助的故事。智者通过让詹姆斯照顾骆驼的经历，告诉他有些问题即使尽力也无法解决，需要时间来解决。

answer,回答，disappear,消失，hard,努力，like,喜欢，or,或者，unhappy,不开心的，satdown,坐下，stoodup,站起来，while当

【点评】考查选词填空，注意makesbdosth，过去时，副词修饰动词的用法。34．句意：他经常感到不开心，因为他面临着无尽的挑战。空处应填形容词作表语，结合前后语境和选词可知，unhappy"不开心的"符合语境。故填unhappy。35．句意：请告诉我如何让它们消失。根据"Ialwayshavebusinessworries,familytroublesandhealthproblems"结合选词可知，是指让这些不好的事情消失。disappear"消失"，makesbdosth"使某人做某事"，故填disappear。36．句意：我明天早上给你答复。不定冠词an修饰名词单数，空处应填单数名词，且以元音音素开头，根据Pleasetellmehowtomakethem，结合选词可知，answer"答案"符合语境。故填answer。37．句意：老人让他照顾这100头骆驼过夜，确保它们都坐下来休息，然后他才能睡觉。根据下文"Somecamelssatdownontheirown"可知，是指骆驼自己坐了下来。sitdown"坐下来"，句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填satdown。38．句意：无论我如何努力，我都无法让所有的骆驼坐在一起。根据Icouldn'tgetallthecamelstosittogether，Nomatterhow5Itried，可知副词修饰动词，根据提示词可知用hard，无论我如何努力，引导让步状语从句，故填hard。39．句意：有的骆驼自己坐了下来，有的骆驼需要费点劲才能坐下来，但还有很多骆驼费了很大劲也坐不下来。根据"Somecamelssatdownontheirown,...othersrequiredsomeeffort"可知，前后表示对比，可以用while表示"然而"。故填while。40．句意：你的问题就像骆驼一样。根据"Yourproblemsarejust...thecamels."可知，这里表示比喻，可以用介词like"像"。故填like。五、阅读表达(共5小题，满分10分阅读短文，根据要求回答问题。ChinesecalligraphyisabeautifulartformofwritingChinesecharacters(汉字).Ithasalonghistory.Peopleusebrushesandink(墨汁)towritecharactersonspecialpapercalledxuanpaper.Anditislovedbypeopleallovertheworld.Chinesecalligraphyhasmanydifferentstyles.Zhuanshu,lishu,kaishu,xingshuandcaoshuarequitewellknowntopeople.Asweallknow,YanzhenqingisfamousforkaishuandWangXizhiforxingshu.Eachstylehasitsownbeauty.Chinesecalligraphyneedsbothskillandpractice.Thetypeofbrush,ink,andpaperusedcaninfluencethewriting.Calligraphyisnotjustwriting,itisanartformthatshowsthewriter'sfeelingsandthoughts(思想).Chinesecalligraphyisalivingheritage(遗产)thatconnectsustoourhistoryandtraditions.ItisanimportantpartofChinesecultureandaddsbeautytoourlives.Forexample,theSpringFestivalcouplets(春联)addmorehappinesstothefestival.Manypeopleenjoycalligraphy.Whetheryouareabeginneroranexpert,calligraphyissomethingthatanyonecanenjoy.41．WhatisChinesecalligraphy?(nomorethan11words)42．WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?(nomorethan8words)43．WhatexampleisgiventoshowChinesecalligraphyaddsbeautytoourlives?(nomorethan10words)44．请将文中画线的句子翻译成汉语。45．请给短文拟一个适当的英文标题。【答案】41．ItisabeautifulartformofwritingChinesecharacters.42．DifferentstylesofChinesecalligraphy43．T