2015年高考英语试卷（湖南）（解析卷）

第页|共页本试卷分为四个部分，共12页。时量120分钟。满分150分PartⅠListeningComprehension(30marks)SectionA（22.5marks）Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearsixconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Foreachconversation,thereareseveralquestionsandeachquestionisfollowedbythreechoicesmarkedA,BandC.Listencarefullyandthenchoosethebestanswerforeachquestion.YouwillheareachconversationTWICE.Conversation11.Whendoesthewomanusuallygethomefromwork? A.About6:30. B.About7:30. C.About8:30.2.Whatdidthewomandolastnight? A.ShewatchedTV. B.Sherecordedaprogram. C.Shepreparedforalecture.Conversation23.Howoftendoesthemanexerciseatthegym? A.Everyday. B.Everytwodays. C.Onceaweek.4.WherewillthetwospeakersmeetbeforedoingexercisethisFriday? A.Atthepark. B.Atthecafe. C.Atthecinema.Conversation35.WhatisMr.Chesterdoing? A.Telephoningsomeone. B.Speakingtothewoman. C.Leavingthemanamessage.6.Whatistheman'slastname? A.Oliver. B.Horst. C.Robert.Conversation47.Whywillthewomanbelate? A.Shedidn'tcatchthetrain. B.Shedidn'tfinishherpaper. C.Shedidn'twakeupintime.8.Whereistheman? A.Atthestation. B.Athome. C.Attheoffice.9.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers? A.Teacherandstudent. B.Parentandchild. C.Husbandandwife.Conversation510.ForwhomdoesthewomanbuytheT-shirt?A.Herself. B.Herhusband. C.Herfriend.11.HowmuchdoestheT-shirtnormallycost? A.$54. B.$60. C.$70.12.WhydoesthesalesmanagreetoselltheT-shirtat$48? A.Itischeaperonline. B.Heisinahurry. C.Abuttonislost.Conversation613.Whendidthewomanarrive? A.Friday. B.Saturday. C.Sunday.14.Whatmajordidthemanchooseintheend? A.English. B.Biology. C.History.15.Whatsuggestiondoesthemangiveonreadingthebooks? A.Makingnotes. B.Skimmingfirst. C.Readingwordbyword.SectionB（7.5marks）Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearashortpassage.Listencarefullyandthenfillinthenumberedblankswiththeinformationyouhaveheard.FillineachblankwithNOMORETHANTHREEWORDS.YouwillheartheshortpassageTWICESchoolWebDesign16I.Meeton17from2:30to3:15II.Createawebsiteforacompetition●Website☆onyourancestor18☆18long&wellconstructed●Competition☆hasafirstprizeof$300forbeginners&$18fortheadvanced☆doitbyyourself,listthesoftwareyouused答案：1-5ACBAA

6-10BABCC

11-15BCACB16:Club

17:Monday

18:background

19:5pages

20:750

文本：Conversation1M:Whattimedoyouusuallygethomefromwork?W:Oh,about6:30,butifthere’salotoftraffic,itwillbearound7:30.Lastnight,Igothomeverylate.Itwasalmost8:30.M:That’stoobad.Bytheway,didyouwatchthatspecialTVprogramlastnight?W:No,Ididn’thavethetime,andIforgottorecordit.Youknow,Ihadtoprepareforalecture.Conversation2W:Hi,Sam.Ididn’tknowyouexercisedatthisgym.Doyoucomehereeveryday?M:Well,I’vebeenbusywithmyproject,butusually,Iexercisehereeverytwodays.Howaboutyou?W:Icomehereonceaweek,mostlyFridayorSaturday.M:Whydon’twemeetattheparkthisFridayafterwork?Wecanexercisetogetheratthegym,andthengoforadrinkoramovie.W:Soundsgood.Conversation3W:Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?M:ThisisMr.Horstspeaking.CouldIspeaktoMr.Chester,please?W:Onemoment,please.I’msorry,butMr.Chesterisontheotherline.Wouldyouliketoleaveamessage?M:CouldyouaskMr.Chestertocallmeback?W:Ofcourse.Whatisyournameagain?M:MynameisRichardHorst.W:Couldyoupleasespellyourlastname?M:That’sHforHarry,OforOliver,RforRobert,Sforsugar,andTforTommy.W:Thankyouforcalling,andgoodbye.Conversation4M:Hello?W:Honey,it’sme!M:Whereareyou?W:Atthestation.Imissedmytrain,soI’mgoingtobelate.M:Oh,that’stoobad.Willyougetbackintimetopickupthekids?W:Idon’tthinkso.Canyougetthem?M:Noproblem.W:Howwasyourday?M:Well,Iworkedonmypaperforafewhours,andthenIgotsleepy.SoIsleptforawhile.W:Wow,you’resoluckyyouworkathome.Ican’tsleepattheoffice,youknow.M:ButIalsodidthedishes.Youcan’tdothosethingsattheoffice.W:Well,that’strue.M:Seeyouaround6:30?W:Ihopeso.Seeyou.Conversation5M:WhatcanIdoforyou,madam?W:Yes.MyhusbandandIwerethinkingofbuyingsomething.MayIhavealookatthatT-shirt?M:Certainly.Youhaveverygoodtaste,madam.Itreallysuitsyou.W:Thanks,butit’snotforme.It’sformyfriend.Howmuchisit?M:Well,madam,you’reveryluckybecausewehaveaspecialofferonforthisweekonly.ThatT-shirtisnormallysixtydollars,butweareofferingatenpercentdiscount.W:Oh,dear.That’sstill54dollars.M:Isee.Well,madam,justlookatthequality.W:It’sverynice,butIthinkyourpricesseemveryhigh.AT-shirtlikethisismuchcheaperontheInternet.M:Butnotofthisquality,madam.W:Well,I’minahurry,sowhynot48?M:48?Atthatprice,I’mlosingmoney.Howabout50?W:50?Well…oh,look!There’sabuttonmissingM:Really?OK,let’smakeit48.W:Thankyou.I’lltakeit.Conversation6W:Hi,Tim.Haveyoubeenherelong?M:Hi.IarrivedonSunday.Howaboutyou?W:Igothereafewdaysago,onSaturday…oh,no,waitaminute…sorry,Friday,notSaturday.M:Butwedidn’thavetobehereuntiltoday.W:Yes,Iknow,butIwantedtogetmythingsmovedintomyroomandtakealookaround.So,didyouchooseEnglishasyourmajorintheend?M:No.Ichangedmymindandchosehistoryinstead.Andyouaredoingbiology,ifIremembercorrectly.W:Yes.M:Howmuchreadinghaveyougot?Iwasgivenanamazinglylonglistofbookstoread.See?W:Well,mineisn’taslongasyours.ButIdon’tknowhowtogetthroughthemall.DoIhavetomakenoteswhilereading?M:Well,you’dbetterskimthebooksfirsttoseewhat’simportantandwhatisn’t.W:Butwhatifyoumisssomething?M:Youdon’tmeanyou’regoingtoreadeveryword,doyou?SectionBGoodafternoon,boysandgirls.Welcometothewebdesignclubofourschool.ItmeetsonMondayfrom2:30to3:15.Theonlypurposeofitistocreateawebsitethatcanwinyouacompetition.Yourwebsitehastodowiththebackgroundofyourancestorsandhastobe5pageslong.Thepagesneedtobewellconstructedinordertowinyouthecompetition.Thecompetitionhastwolevels,thebeginnersandtheadvanced.Bothlevelshaveprizes.Thefirstprizeis300dollarsforthebeginnersand750dollarsfortheadvanced.Alltheworkhastobeyourown.Youshouldalsolistthesoftwareyouusetoeditanyimages.Enjoyyourselveswhilelearningaboutwebdesignandmakenewfriendsintheclub.PartⅡLanguageKnowledge(45marks)SectionA(15marks)Directions:ForeachofthefollowingunfinishedsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.21.Itwaswhenwewerereturninghome________Irealizedwhatagoodfeelingitwastohavehelpedsomeoneintrouble.A.which B.that C.where D.how【答案】B【考点定位】考查强调句。【名师点睛】本题旨在考查强调句，要求有学生掌握好强调句的常用句型以及相关知识的能力。强调是有效地进行思想交流的重要手段之一。人们在交际过程中，为了使自己的思想能被对方恰当的理解，必须加强语气，突出重要的内容，增加对比效果与感情色彩，这时就会用到强调。分析句子时首先要看清楚结构，Itwas/is…开头而后面跟句子时就要看它是不是强调句了。强调句有一个特点：拿掉Itwas/is…that…后不影响整个句子的完整性，则是强调句。判断完是不是强调句后再根据强调的部分是人还是物来选择连接词that或者是who。22.Asyougothroughthisbook,you________thateachofthemillionsofpeoplewholivedthroughWorldWarIIhadadifferentexperience. A.willfind B.found C.hadfound D.havefound【答案】A【考点定位】考查时态。【名师点睛】本题旨在考查句子的时态，要求学生明确地掌握各个时态的定义以及它们在时间上的划分段和用法。“助动词will或shall+动词原形”这一形式，表示将来发生的事情，用于征求对方的意见或表示客气的邀请。现在完成时表示到说话时为止（或到现在为止）已经发生或完成了（不一定结束）的动作或状态，共有四种主要用法：一、现在完成时表示影响；二、现在完成时表示持续；三、现在完成时表示重复；四、现在完成时表示将来。而在此题中Asyougothroughthisbook是一个现在时了，所以后文就不能出现过去时或过去完成时。虽然在此题中没有明确的时间状语，但从意思上还是可以理解出来的。23.Onlyaftertalkingtotwostudents________thathavingstrongmotivationisoneofthebiggestfactorsinreachinggoals. A.Ididdiscover B.didIdiscover C.Idiscovered D.discovered【答案】B【考点定位】考查only置于句首的部分倒装。【名师点睛】本题旨在考查学生是否知道only置于句首主句的句子要进行部分倒装以及部分倒装的定义。副词only置于句首，强调方式状语、条件状语、地点状语、时间状语等状语时，主句要进行部分倒装。如果被only所强调的状语为状语从句，该状语从句不倒装，只对主句进行倒装，但若位于句首的不是only+状语，而是only+宾语等，则通常无需倒装。aftertalkingtotwostudents是一个状语，故对主语进行倒装。要求学生熟练掌握这个知识点。24.Videogamescanbeapoorinfluenceif________inthewronghands. A.toleave B.leaving C.leave D.left【答案】D【考点定位】考查状语从句中的省略问题。【名师点睛】一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中:由

when

,while

,as

,before,

after

,

till,

until,

once等引导的时间状语从句；由whether

,if

,

unless

等引导的条件状语从句；由

though

,

although

,even

if

,whatever等引导的让步状语从句；由

as

,than

等引导的比较状语从句；由as,

as

if

,

as

though

等引导的方式状语从句。上述状语从句在省略时，并非任何成分都可以省略而是遵循下面原则：（1）当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be

。（2）当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，但从句主语是

it，从句中又含有系动词be

的某种形式时

，可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此题的形式属于：连词(when

,if

,even

if

,unless

,once

,until,

than

,

as

)

+

过去分词

。完整的句子就是：Videogamescanbeapoorinfluenceiftheyareleftinthewronghands.25.Iwasn'tabletohidemyeagernesswhenI________,"Whatdoyouwishmetodonow?" A.ask B.haveasked C.amasking D.asked【答案】D渴望，当我问道，“你现在希望我做些什么？”故选D【考点定位】考查时间状语的时态。【名师点睛】分析4个选项可以知道，该题考查的其实是不同的时态。掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do,be,have)和时间状语这两个核心问题，如本题的Iwasn'tableto是一个提示。另外也要结合使用语境综合分析选项，最终得出答案。26.Youhavetoknow________you'regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere. A.what B.that C.where D.who【答案】C【考点定位】考查宾语从句。【名师点睛】判断是什么句子最关键，这个句子是由know引导的宾语从句，宾语从句的连接词有连接代词和连接副词。因为从句部分缺少状语成分，答案就出来了。正确解答该题需要理解句意以及注意上下文（you'regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.）的表达。27.Itisimportanttorememberthatsuccess________asumofsmalleffortsmadeeachdayandoften________yearsofachieve. A.is;takes B.are;takes C.are;take D.is;take【答案】A【考点定位】考查主谓一致原则【名师点睛】本题旨在考查主谓一致原则，要求学生掌握这一原则和用法，确定句子主语的单复数，不要受其他干扰项干扰而答错。主谓一致是指：

1）

语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。2）

意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。

3）

就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，

一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。

4）就远原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于离它最远的词语，

一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。28.HemusthavesensedthatI________him.Hesuddenlyglancedatmeandsaidquietly,"Whyareyoustaringatmelikethat?" A.wouldlookat B.lookedat C.waslookingat D.amlookingat【答案】C【考点定位】考查时态。【名师点睛】根据选项可以知道，该题考查的其实是不同的时态。掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do,be,have)和时间状语这两个核心问题，如根据本题的Hemusthavesensed和Hesuddenlyglancedatmeandsaidquietly提示。另外也要结合使用语境综合分析选项，最终得出答案。29.Itisatrulydelightfulplace,________looksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.. A.as B.where C.that D.which【答案】D【考点定位】考查定语从句关系代词。【名师点睛】本题旨在考查定语从句中的关系词，要求学生掌握在什么情况下用关系副词，什么情况下用关系代词以及各自的意义。非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。30.Whentheclerksawakindfacewrinkledinanapologeticsmile,shestoodrootedtotheground,________whethertostayorleave.A.wonderingB.wonderC．towonderD．wondered【答案】A【考点定位】考查非谓语动词【名师点睛】非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：todo

2、动词的ing:doing

3、动词的过去分词：done;不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了;2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用done;之后常用todo;同时常用doing.从本题来看主句的主语she与动词wonder构成逻辑上的主动关系，因此用v.­ing形式作伴随状语。31.Always________inmindthatyourmaintaskistogetthiscompanyrunningsmoothly.A.tokeepB.tohavekeptC．keepD．havekept【答案】C【考点定位】考查祈使句。【名师点睛】【名师点睛】祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等.祈使句分为第二人称祈使句及第—、三人称祈使句两大类.祈使句用于两个重要句型中；1．“祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述肯定的条件.2．“祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述否定的条件,or(else)表示“否则；句首以动词原形开头。从本题的成分来判断，可以看出是考查祈使句。32.Ihadastrongdesiretoreachinandplaywiththetoy,but________thankfullybytheshopwindow.A.amheldbackB.heldbackC．holdbackD．washeldback【答案】D【考点定位】考查动词的时态和语态。【名师点睛】【名师点睛】分析4个选项可以知道，该题考查的其实是不同的时态。掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do,be,have)和时间状语这两个核心问题，如本题的判断,根据主句中的had可知时态是一般过去时。另外也要结合使用语境综合分析选项，最终得出答案。33.________thejobtakesasignificantamountoftime,moststudentsagreethattheexperienceisworthit.A.IfonlyB.AfterC．AlthoughD．Incase【答案】C【考点定位】考查状语从句。【名师点睛】【名师点睛】连词考查的重点集中在以下两个方面：一是连接两个词或连接一个并列句时并列连词的选择，此类题型要求我们必须确切地理解句子的意义，在此基础上确定词与词之间及两个分句之间的关系，从而确定出正确的并列连词；二是对从属连词的考查侧重和从句的理解相联系，对应句子或上下文，正确把握从属连词。本题属于后者，该题所需要的是正确理解四个选项及句意。34.SometimesIactasalisteningearforfellowstudents________whatisbotheringthem.A.totalkoverB.talkedoverC．talkoverD．havingtalkedover【答案】A【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。【名师点睛】【名师点睛】非谓语动词不定式可以表示目的，在句中作目的状语。①表目的：Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。Shesoldherhairtobuythewatchchain.她卖掉了自己的头发来买那条表链。注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致35.That'swhyIhelpbrightenpeople'sdays.Ifyou________，who'stosaythatanotherpersonwill?A.didn't B.don'tC．weren't D．haven't【答案】B【考点定位】考查动词的时态。【名师点睛】【名师点睛】一般现在时:表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作（有时间规律发生的事件）的一种时间状态；在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es.在本题目中，可以从这个角度来判断，主将从现是指在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时替代一般将来时。比如：条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时，那么从句常常用一般现在时如：WhenIgrowup,I’llbeanurseandlookafterpatients我长大后要当一名护士，照顾病人。SectionB(18marks)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Itwasarainymorningandthechildren,mainlyboyswithvariouslearningdifficulties,refusedtosettleforthestartofthelesson.Asaninexperiencedteacher,Itriedeverymeanstogetthemtobe36,butinvain.mypanicwasrisingandIcouldfeelmyheartbeatingwildly.Thiswasthe37ofmyjobasamusicteacher,Ithought--teachingwasnotforme.ThenIhadanidea.HopingthatnoonewouldnoticethatIwas38inside,Ithrewmyvoiceasfarasitwouldreach:"Putyourheadsonthedesksandcloseyour39!Wearegoingonajourney."40,thechildrenfellsilent."NowwhatshouldIdo?"Ithoughttomyself.ReachingovertomycollectionofCDs,Iblindly41,putitinthemachineandplayedit.Obediently(顺从地),myclasslaytheirheadsontheirdesk,closedtheireyesand42.Whenthemusicstarted,theroomasfilledwiththemostbeautifultonesandmusicalcolorsIcouldhaveeverimagined.Allthechildrenwere43.Whenthemusicfinished,Iaskedthemalltoraisetheir44slowlysothatwecouldshareourmusicaljourney.Atthispoint,whenallthechildrenwerewillingtosharetheirexperiences,Ibegantolearnhowto45.Themusicallowmetolearnthatteachingisaboutsharingandrespect,tearsandsmiles,theknowingandthe

46andmostofall,anunderstandingofeachother.Thiswasthepowerthat47intheclassroomcouldhave.36A.glad B.safe C.kind D.quiet37.A.end B.aim C.rule D.plan38.A.guessingB.shaking C.responding D.laughing39.A.eyes B.mouths C.books D.doors40.A.PunctuallyB.Importantly C.Amazingly D.Obviously41.A.passedoneonB.gaveoneback C.turnedonein D.tookoneout42.A.slept B.nodded C.waited D.continued43.A.talking B.singing C.dancing D.listening44.A.legs B.heads C.arms D.shoulders45.A.teach B.imagine C.playD.understand46.A.unpreparedB.unspokenC.unknown D.unforgotten47.A.games B.music C.tears D.knowledge【考点定位】夹叙夹议的一篇文章【名师点睛】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，没有生词，主要是考查上下文理解和单词理解。需要正确理解4个单词的选项，尤其要注意一些一词多义的地方。也要注意根据上下文的逻辑关系推断出各个选项的正确答案，如36，37题和39题；42，43和45题。这是一项综合运用的能力，有时候也需要结合常识，如38题和40题；41题和43题。SectionC(12marks)Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyfillingineachblankwithonewordthatbestfitsthecontext.Researchhasbecomebothsimplerandmorecomplex.It'ssimplerbecause,48youhavecomputer,youcanfindinformationyouneedbysearchingtheInternet.Forallyouinformation,youdon'thavetogoto49librarytofindtherelevantresourceandtakenotesonit.Instead,youcanfindsomesourcesfromtheInternet

50printthecopiesneeded.Remember,however,thatyoushouldusuallyconsultdifferenttypesofsources.Thatis,you51alwaysrelyjustontheInternetforyouresearch.Whilefindinginformationiseasierthanever,atthesametime,researchinghasbecome52complex.Thereisalotmorematerialavailable,whichmeansyoumaybeoverwhelmed53theamountofinformation.Youneedtolearn54tosortthroughandfindtherelevantinformationforyourparticularproject.Also,

5547needtochecktheaccuracyofit.【答案】48．if49．the50．and51．shouldn’t52．more53．with54．how55．you【考点定位】科普类短文阅读。【名师点睛】这种题目相当于语法填空，是语法填空和阅读理解的结合体。既对语法的要求很高，要求注意上下文的，以及单词的用法，以及特殊用法、固定搭配等填出单词的正确形式也要理解全文，把握文章的大意。这就要求学生能够记牢大纲中重要的单词个短语搭配，还要加强写作的练习，这些对于这种题目，是大有帮助的。另外，这种题目也可以改编一下，成为短文改错。PartⅢReadingComprehension(30marks)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinished.statementsForeachofthemtherearefourchokesmarkedA.B.CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassage.AForgetCyclists,PedestriansareRealDangerWearehavingadebateaboutthistopic.Herearesomelettersfromourreaders.■Yes,manycyclistsbehavedangerously.Manydriversaredisrespectfulofcyclists.Butpedestriansareprobablytheworseoffenders.Peopleofallageshappilywalkalongthepavementwitheyesandhandsgluedtothemobilephone,quiteunawareofwhatisgoingonaroundthem.Theymayevendothesamethingwhilecrossingaroadatapedestriancrossingorelsewhere.Therestofushavetoevade(避让)themorjuststandstilltowaitfortheunavoidablecollision.Therealproblemisthatsomepedestriansseemtobe,atleastforthemoment,inworldsoftheirownthatare,tothem,muchmoreimportantthanthewelfareofothers.——MichaelHoran■IlovetheletterfromBobBrooksaboutcyclists(Viewpoints,May29).Iamafraidtheyseemtothinktheyowntheroads.IwaswalkingacrossAltrinchamRoadonemorningwhenacyclistwentroundmeandonbeingaskedwhathewasdoingheshoutedatme.Thegovernmentbuiltacyclelaneontheroadbutitishardlyused.Thepolicedonothing.Whatalaughtheyare!Thecyclistsshouldallhavetobemadetousethecyclelanesandwearhelmets,fluorescent(发荧光的)jacketandlightsatnightandinthemorningtheyshouldpaysomesortoftaxandbefinedfornotwearingthem.——CarolHarvey■Cyclistsjumponandoffpavements(whicharemeantforpedestrians),rideatspeedalongthepavements,andthinktheyhaveaspecialrighttogothroughtrafficlightswhentheyareonred.Iwasalmostknockeddownrecentlybyacyclistridingonthepavementwhentherewasacyclelanerightnexttohim.Otherroadusers,includinghorseriders,managetoobeytherulessowhynotcyclists?It'sabouttimetheyhadtoberegisteredandinsured,sowhentheydohitapedestrianoravehicle,orcauseanaccident,atleasttheycanbetreatedandtheremightbeanopportunitytoclaim.——JMLWritetoViewpointsofthenewspaper.56.MichaelHoranwrotethelettermainlytoshowthat_______. A.driversshouldbepolitetocyclists B.roadaccidentscanactuallybeavoided C.sinepedestriansareathreattoroadsafety D.walkingwhileusingphoneshurtsone'seyes57.CarolHarveysuggeststhatcyclistsshould_______. A.beprovidedwithenoughroads B.beaskedtorideontheirownlanes C.bemadetopaylesstaxforcycling D.befinedforlaughingatpolicemen58.WhatisacomplaintofJML? A.Veryfewdriversareinsured. B.Cyclistsridefastonpavements. C.Pedestriansgothroughredtrafficlights. D.Horseridersdisrespectotherroadusers.59.Theunderlinedword"they"inthethirdletterrefersto______. A.accidents B.vehicles C.pedestrians D.cyclists60.Thethreeletterspresentviewpointson_______. A.realsourceofroaddanger B.waystoimproveroadfacilities C.measurestopunishroadoffences D.increasedawarenessofroadrules【答案】56．C57．B58．B59．D60．A【考点定位】社会现象类短文阅读。【名师点睛】本文考查社会现象类短文阅读，要求考生根据作者的细节描述掌握这一社会现象的起因、结果及影响，然后做题，进行归纳。这篇文章旨在给出了一个议题，让人们给出讨论，意见以及看法，要求学生能够通过字里行间的细节描写找出人们对这个议题想法，例如第一段的第二句：Butpedestriansareprobablytheworseoffenders.就给出MichaelHoran的看法，因此方便了我们做出第56题，所以在做这种文章时一定得抓住表达作者或者他人态度或观点的句子。BInitsearlyhistory,Chicagohadfloodsfrequently,especiallyinthespring,makingthestreetssomuddythatpeople,horses,andcartsgotstuck.Anoldjokethatwaspopularatthetimewentsomethinglikethis:AmanisstuckuptohiswaistinamuddyChicagostreet.Askedifheneedshelp,hereplies,"No,thanks.I'vegotagoodhorseunderme."Thecityplannerdecidedtobuildanundergrounddrainage(排水)system,buttheresimplywasn'tenoughdifferencebetweentheheightofthegroundlevelandthewaterlevel.TheonlytwooptionsweretolowertheChicagoRiverorraisethecity.AnengineernamedEllisChesbroughconvincedmethecitythatithadnochoicebuttobuildthepipesabovegroundandthencoverthemwithdirt.Thisraisedthelevelofthecity'sstreetsbyasmuchas12feet.Thisofcoursecreatedanewproblem:dirtpracticallyburiedthefirstfloorsofeverybuildinginChicago.Buildingownerswerefacedwithachoice:eitherchangethefirstfloorsoftheirbuildingsintobasements,andthesecondstoriesintomainfloors,orhoisttheentirebuildingstomeetthenewstreetlevel.Smallwood-framebuildingscouldbeliftedfairlyeasily.Butwhataboutlarge,heavystructureslikeTremontHotel,whichwasasix-storybrickbuilding?That'swhereGeorgePullmancamein.Hehaddevelopedsomehouse-movingskillssuccessfully.ToliftabigstructureliketheTremontHotel,Pullmanwouldplacethousandsofjackscrews(螺旋千斤顶)beneaththebuilding'sfoundation.Onemanwasassignedtooperateeachsectionofroughly10jackscrews.AtPullman'ssignaleachmanturnedhisjackscrewthesameamountatthesametime,therebyraisingthebuildingslowlyandevenly.Astonishingly,theTremontHotelstayopenduringtheentireoperation,andmanyofitsguestsdidn'tevennoticeanythingwashappening.Somepeopleliketosaythateveryproblemhasasolution.ButinChicago'searlyhistory,everyengineeringsolutionseemedtocreateanewproblem.NowthatChicago'swastewaterwasdrainingefficientlyintotheChicagoRiver,thecity'snextstepwastocleanthepollutedriver.61.Theauthormentionsthejoketoshow______. A.horseswerefairlyusefulinChicago B.Chicago'sstreetswereextremelymuddy C.Chicagowasverydangerousinthespring D.theChicagopeoplewereparticularlyhumorous62.ThecityplannerswereconvincedbyEllisChesbroughto_______. A.getridofthestreetdirt B.lowertheChicagoRiver C.fightagainstheavyfloods D.buildthepipesaboveground63.Theunderlinedword"hoist"inParagraph4means"_______". A.change B.lift C.repair D.decorate64.WhatcanweconcludeaboutthemovingoperationoftheTremontHotel? A.Itwentonsmoothlyasintended. B.Itinterruptedthebusinessofthehotel. C.ItinvolvedPullmanturningtenjackscrews. D.Itseparatedthebuildingfromitsfoundation.65.ThepassageismainlyabouttheearlyChicago's______. A.popularlifestylesandtheirinfluences B.environmentaldisastersandtheircauses C.engineeringproblemsandtheirsolutions D.successfulbusinessmenandtheirachievements【答案】61．B62．D63．B64．A65．C【考点定位】科普类短文阅读。【名师点睛】这是一篇科普类的文章，主要是考查上下文理解和对文章细节的把握，明白作者的构思在文章中给出的自己想法和观点以及对文章的总结。例如最后一段：Somepeopleliketosaythateveryproblemhasasolution.ButinChicago'searlyhistory,everyengineeringsolutionseemedtocreateanewproblem.NowthatChicago'swastewaterwasdrainingefficientlyintotheChicagoRiver,thecity'snextstepwastocleanthepollutedriver.可知作者觉得所有的解决办法都会解决了原有的问题后又产生出一个新的问题。这是对文章的一个总结。CHaveyourparentseverinspectedyourroomtoseeifyoucleaneditproperly?Imaginehavingyourentirehouses,garage,andyardinspectedatanytime--withnowarning.Inspectionswerearegularpartoflighthouse(灯塔)living,andakeeper'sreputationdependedonresults.Afewtimeseachyear,aninspectorarrivedtolookovertheentirelightstation.Theinspectionsweresupposedtobeasurprise,butkeepersometimeshadadvancenotice.Oncelighthouseshadtelephones,keeperswouldcalleachothertowarnthattheinspectorwasapproaching.Afterboatsbeganflyingspecialflagsnothingtheinspectoraboard,thekeeper'sfamilymadeitagametoseewhocouldnoticetheboatfirst.Assoonassomeonespottedtheboat,everyonewoulddolast-minutetidyingandchangeintofancyclothes.Thekeeperthenscurriedtoputonhisdressuniformandcap.Childrenofkeepersrememberinspectorswearingwhiteglovestoruntheirfingersoverdoorframesandwindowsillslookingfordust.Despitetheseriousnatureofinspections,theyresultedinsomefunnymoments.BettyByrnesrememberedwhenhermotherdidnothavetimetowashallthedishesbeforeaninspection.Atthetime,peopledidnothavedishwashersintheirhomes.Inanefforttocleanupquickly,Mrs.Byrnestossedallthedishesintoabigbreadpan,coveredthemwithaclothandstuckthemintheoven.Iftheinspectoropenedtheovendoor,itwouldlooklikebreadwasbaking.heneverdid.Oneday,GlennFurst'smotherputoilonthekitchenfloorjustbeforetheinspectorenteredtheirhouse.Likefloorwax,theoilmadethefloorsshinyandhelpedprotectthewood.Thistime,though,sheusedalittletoomuchoil.WhentheinspectorextendedhishandtogreetGlenn'smother,heslippedonthefreshlyoiledsurface."Hecameacrossthatfloorwavinghisarmslikeayoungbirdattemptingitsfirstflight,"Glennlatewrote.Afterhesteadiedhimself,heshookGlenn'smother'shand,andtheinspectioncontinuedasthoughnothinghadhappened.66.WhatdoesParagraphItellusabouttheinspectionatthelightstation? A.Itwascarriedoutonceayear. B.Itwasoftenannouncedinadvance. C.Itwasimportantforthekeeper'sfame. D.Itwasfocusedonthegarageandyard.67.Thefamilybeganmakingpreparationsimmediatelyafter______. A.oneofthememberssawtheboat B.awarningcallreachedthelighthouse C.thekeeperputonthedressuniformandcap D.theinspectorflewspecialflagsinthedistance68.Mrs.Byrnesputthedishesintheovenbecausethiswould______. A.resultinsomefun B.speedupwashingthem C.makeherhomelooktidy D.beademandfromtheinspector69.Iftheinspectorhad