初高中衔接(时态与语态)(上课)

初高中英语衔接教学－－谓语动词时态和语态第1页谓语动词时态和语态

谓语动词时态：动作发生时间决定了动词形态。

时间名称主动形态(以do为例）现在普通现在时现在进行时现在完成时过去普经过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去未来时将来普通未来时do或doesis(am/are)doinghave/hasdonedidwas/weredoinghaddonewoulddo或was/weregoingtodowilldo、shalldo或is/am/aregoingtodo第2页1.普通现在时：主语是第三人称单数时动词+s改变规则1)直接加s.如：get/getsplay/plays2)以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，加es.如：watch/watches3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加es.如：study/studies第3页2.现在/过去进行时：动词+ing改变规则1)直接加ing.如：climb/climbing2)去e加ing.如：write/writing3)双写加ing.如：run/running第4页3.A)规则动词过去式、过去分词：动词+ed普通过去时：变为过去式现在/过去完成时：have/has/had+过去分词;被动语态：be+过去分词

1.直接在词尾加-ed.如：ask--asked2.以不发音e结尾动词直接加d.如：arrive--arrived3.辅音字母+y结尾，y改成i+ed.如：study—studied元音字母+y结尾，直接+ed如：played4.双写最终辅音字母再加ed.如：stop—stoppedB)不规则动词过去式、过去分词（见不规则动词表）如：be－was/were-been第5页give

give/gives2)is/am/aregiving3)have/hasgiven4)gave5)was/weregiving6)hadgiven7)wouldgivewas/weregoingtogive8)willgiveis/am/aregoingtogivelearn1)learn/learns2)is/am/arelearning3)have/haslearned4)learned5)was/werelearning6)hadlearned7)wouldlearn

was/weregoingtolearn8)willlearnis/am/aregoingtolearn第6页怎样判断谓语动词时态（动作发生时间）一.普通现在时(do/does)(表示客观事实或真理;表示经常性或习惯性发生动作或状态.惯用时间状语有sometimes/often/always/usually/seldom/every(morning…)/onSundays/inthemorning等)futurepastnowTheearthmovesaroundthesun.Waterboilsat100℃.3.Wealwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.4.Theshopclosesat11:00p.m.everyday.5.Columbusprovedthattheearthis

round.第7页futurepastnow二.普通过去时(did)(表示过去发生动作或状态或过去经常习惯性发生动作.

常与表示过去详细时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示).时间状语有:lastweek/twodaysago/theotherday/in1990/thismorning/justnow/inthepast/yesterday/often等.注意:凡有详细过去时间状语均用普通过去时Imethiminthestreetyesterday.2.ThestudentswenttotheGreatWalllastSunday.3.WhenshewasinShanghai,sheoften

cametoseeme.4.WeoftenplayedPing-pongwhenwewereincollege.5.OurteachertoldusthatColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.第8页futurepastnow三.普通未来时(will/shalldo或is/am/aregoingtodo)(表示未来要发生动作或状态.begoingtodo表示打算,计划要做事或据已经有迹象将发生动作。表未来时间状语有:

tomorrow/nextweek/inthefuture/soon/thisevening/intwodays/in2030等)Hewillbebackinafewdays.2.Whereshallwemeetthedayaftertomorrow?3.WearegoingtohaveaclassmeetingnextMonday.4.Iwill/shallreturnyouthebookassoonaspossible.5.Lookattheclouds.Itisgoingtorain.第9页futurepastnow四.现在进行时(is/am/aredoing)

“正．．．”

表示说话时正在进行或现阶段正在进行动作。还用在少数表渐变动词(get/become/turn/grow/)惯用时间状语有:now,atpresent,atthemoment等WearehavingourEnglishclassnow.2.I’mlookingforapairofblackshoes.3.Theyareworkinginafactorythesedays.4.I’m

writingabookaboutEnglishgrammar.5.TheyarevisitingBeijingthisweek.6.Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.第10页五.过去进行时(was/weredoing)

表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生动作;或者某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导时间状语从句中。惯用时间状语有:atthattimeatthistimeyesterday/fromninetotenyesterdayevening/while…alldayyesterday/thewholemorning//whenfuturepastnowAtthattime,hewasworkinginauniversity.2.Whatwereyoudoing

atthistimeyesterday?3.WhenIenteredtheroom,shewassittingatherdesk.4.Hewasreadinganovelinthelibrarythismorning.第11页六.现在完成时(have/hasdone)“已经．．．”

1)表示过去动作对现在影响和结果,即”从过去到现在有没有做过某事”already/yet/just/never/ever/twice

futurepastnowHehasalreadyfinishedhiswork.2.Wehavevisitedthecitythreetimes.3.Ihaveseenthisfilm.第12页2)表示从过去某一时刻连续到现在动作或状态.时间状语有:forfiveyears/sincetwodaysago/sofar/bynow/tillnowuptonow/recently/lately/inthepasttenyears.注意:短暂性动作不能与表示段时间连用,如:borrow-havefuturepastnow动作leavediemarryjoinbegin状态beawaybedeadbemarriedbeinbeon1.IhavestudiedEnglishforsixyears.2.Theyhavelivedinthecitysince1988.3.---Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?你到这儿多长时间了?---Ihavebeenhereforanhour.我到这儿一个小时了.havearrived×第13页七.过去完成时(haddone)

1)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已发生或完成动作.即动作发生时间是“过去过去”.

futurepastnowWehadlearnt30lessonsbytheendoflastmonth.Hefoundthebookthathehadlost.3.Ididn’tknowIhadgivenyousomuchtrouble.4.Untilthen,hehadknownnothingaboutit.5.Afterhe(had)finishedhiswork,hewenttobed.

第14页2)表示从过去某一时间延续到另一过去时间动作.惯用时间状语有:by+过去时间(then/theendoflastmonth/bythetimewegothome…);段时间+before(如:twodaysbefore);for…;since…futurepastnowWhenhecame,Ihadworkedfor3hours.2)ShehadonlybeenherefortenminuteswhenJim

camein.3)Theboytoldhismotherthathehadbeenillsincehecamebackfromtheschool.hadbeenworking第15页八.过去未来时(would/shoulddo或was/weregoingtodo)

表示从过去某一时间看来要发生动作或状态futurepastnowIthoughttheywouldcometohelpme.2.Theyknewthattherewasgoingtobeseveralproblems.3.Theytoldmethattheywouldhaveaclassmeeting.4.Shesaidthatshewouldgotherebyherself.第16页谓语动词被动形态是由be

done组成.它也有各种时态.其改变规则是由be各种时态决定.done不变.

be

1.动词原形:be2.现在分词:being3.过去分词:been4.过去式:was/were5.普通现在时:is/am/are第17页时间名称被动形态(以do为例)现在普通现在时done现在进行时现在完成时过去普经过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去未来时将来普通未来时含有情态动词(can/must..)is/am/areis/am/arebeing

have/hasbeenwas/werewas/werebeinghadbeenwouldbewillbe情态动词+be

第18页1)普通现在时:You______________(require)todothis．2)普通过去时:Thestory____________(tell)byher．

3)普通未来时:Theproblem________________(discuss)tomorrow．

4现在进行时:Theroad__________________(widen)now.5)过去进行时:Thenewtool________________(make)atthattime

6)现在完成时:Thenovel______________(read)manytimesalready

7)过去完成时:Hesaidthatthework__________________(finish)．

8)过去未来时:Hesaidthatthetrees_________________(plant)soon．9)含有情态动词:Measures________________(should/take)toprotectrareanimals.

主语是动作执行者时,谓语形式叫主动语态主语是动作承受者时,谓语要用被动语态

arerequiredwastoldwillbediscussedisbeingwidenedwasbeingmadehasbeenreadhadbeenfinishedwouldbeplantedshouldbetaken第19页1.Myfatherwillrepairmybikeforme.2.LiPinghimselfinvented