高考猜测词义技巧课件-高三下学期英语二轮复习专项

阅读理解命题特点：

主旨大意题观点态度题推理判断题词义猜测题事实细节题1：定义法：由生词后的同位语或定语从句可猜词义，也就是定义猜词法。常见信号词mean,thesameas,thatistosay,inotherwords,注意：同位语有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等表示1：Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.2：Weareonthenightshift---frommidnightto8a.m.---thisweek.

2：对比法：根据对比关系猜测词义。句中有yet,though,although,while,as,ratherthan,ontheotherhand,instead，but,however等表转折的词时，前后句含有对比意义，据此可猜测生词词义。1.ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.2.Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings;hiswife,however,isvery

thrifty.3：语义复现法：根据同义词、近义词或反义词猜测词义。这类同义词、近义词或反义词往往有and,or,but,however，namely,thatistosay,inotherwords等信号词作暗示。1：Incompetitiveworldoftoday,examinationshaveahighlyselectingorfilteringrole.4：列举法：根据举例猜测词义。这类信号词有：forexample,suchas,forinstance,consistof,include,especially等词语.1：Todayyoungcoupleswhoarejuststartingtheirhouseholdoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachine,fridgeandcolorTVsets.5：上下文联系：俗话说，“词不离句，句不离文”。特定的上下文往往是推测词义不可忽视的重要因素。1：Thepupilsassembledinfrontoftheschoolhall.Theycametogethertolistentotheheadmasterannouncetheresultofthesportsmeeting.6：根据因果关系猜测词义。因果关系的信号词有：because,since,nowthat,as,so,therefore,thus,so...that等。1：SinceIcouldnotaffordtopurchasetheoriginalpainting,Iboughtareplica.Aninexperiencedeyecouldnottellthedifference.2：He’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.例题1：Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'dgetuptomischief.We'dcomedowninthemorningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.1：Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getuptomischief”meaninparagraph3A.Behavebadly. B.Losetheirway. C.Sleepsoundly. D.Misstheirmom.例题2：Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(职业)asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.2：Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2A.Trychallengingthings. B.Takeadegree.C.Bringbacklostmemories. D.Sticktoapromise.例题3：Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.3：Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3refertoA.Personnelsafety. B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair. D.Constructionofinfrastructure.例题4：WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”4：Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7A.Improve. B.Oppose. C.Begin. D.Evaluate.However,therearewaystowinanargumenteverytime.Whenyoustateyourposition,formulate（阐述）anargumentforwhatyouclaimandhonestlyaskyourselfwhetheryourargumentisanygood.Whenyoutalkwithsomeonewhotakesastand,askthemtogiveyouareasonfortheirviewandspellouttheirargumentfullyAssessitsstrengthandweaknessRaiseobjections（异议）andlistencarefullytotheirreplies.Thismethodwillrequireeffort,butpracticewillmakeyoubetteratit.(2024.1全国九省联考)30.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“spellout”inparagraph3probablymeanA.Defend.B.Explain.C.Conclude.D.Repeat.Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.(2023全国IC篇)29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3meanA.Clear-up. B.Add-on. C.Check-in. D.Take-over.WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:"Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere."(2022全国IC篇)30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"embarkon"meaninparagraph7A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate.WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl（水禽）werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat(栖息地).(2021全国IC篇)29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decimate”meaninthefirstparagraphA.Acquire.B.Export.C.Destroy.D.Distribute.NewEnglishCurriculumStandardsForGuessingMeaningsofWords

新课程标准对阅读理解之猜测词义的要求

1.正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础。2.词义并非完全等同词典中所标注的汉语意思，其在不同的语境中会有所不同。根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。3.阅读文章时，对未见过的词，可以通过上下文推断出来，这是阅读理解中经常考查的一种能力。PART02.Strategy猜词策略例句：Hislatestinventionturnedouttobearealcashcow.Heearnedlotsofmoneynow.注释：“cashcow”意思是“摇钱树；能持续收益的产品或投资”。cashcowLet’sguessbeancounter注释：“beancounter”意思是“精打细算的账房先生；“铁公鸡”会计。一般人很难把一堆豆子的数目点算清楚，如果形容一个人是“beancounter”，通常含贬义，说明这个人喜欢把时间花在鸡毛蒜皮的事情上面，并且乐此不疲。例句：Mywifeisreallyabeancounter.ShealwaysknowshowmuchIspentoncigarettes.Let’sguess1.Iwillnotmakefriendswithadishonest

person.2.Whenthelittleboyfinished,hisfatherwas

speechless.3.Ifsomeathletesusedrugs,itisunfairtotheothers.

首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律,其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。如:un-,im-,mis-,-less,-ness等。Strategywordsdis+honestspeech+lessun+fairStrategy1:Word-formation-根据构词法猜词常见的前后缀:在……之间:

超:可\能……的:极小的:反对:不...:

微小:

...实践者,...人员:

之前:

super-inter-mini-micro--ableanti--istun-pre-

internationalsuperhero

acceptableminicarantiwarunimportantmicrowavescientistprehistory1.合成法：将两个或两个以上的单词合成在一起构成新词。warm-hearted,man-made,reading-room,sleepwalk2.派生法：在词根上加前缀(prefix)或后缀(suffix)构成另一个与原意略有变化或截然相反的词。前缀：uncomfortable,misunderstand,impossible;后缀：scientist,selfless,useful,decision前后缀：unbelievable,unforgettable,

disagreement3.转化法：一种词性用作另一种词性。Heisdoggingbehindme.他在我后面跟着。Wewill

back

youup.我们将支持你。构词法(wordformation)1.Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle——thatis,itwillbreakeasily.2.Thepurposeoftheactivitywastocatch“ringers”,studentswhotaketestsforotherstudents.3.Mr.Smithalwaysarriveshomepunctually，

neitherearlynorlate．

释义常由同位语、定语从句或由…is,or,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,becalled，beknownas等词汇或破折号来表示。易碎的冒名替考者按时地；准时地['britl]Strategy2:definition\explanation-根据释义猜词StrategywordsLikecleverDavid,Richardmaybeintelligent.2.Yourideasareso

nebulous

thattheyarenotcleartome.

and,or,like,so…that…,referto,namely,represent,beconsideredtobe,mean等常连接同义词组或句子；或者冒号，破折号，括号等表示后文要解释说明前文。聪明的不清楚的Strategy3:synonym-根据同义关系猜词Strategywords表转折关系的词常有but,while,however,insteadof,ratherthan,unlike,yet,though,too…to等。热的勤奋的Strategy4:antonym/transition-根据反义或转折猜词Strategywords1.Althoughtheearlymorninghadbeenverycold,thenoondaysunwastropical

['trɔpikəl]

.2.Tomislazy,buthisbrotherisindustrious.

[in'dʌstriəs]1.Theclockissoaccurate

thatitwillneverloseasecondinmorethan200millionyears.

2.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becauseshewasusingthewrongkey.徒劳的，无效的精确的常用关联词如:because，as，since，for，so，asaresult,so…that,such…that等表示前因后果。

Strategy5:causeandeffect-根据因果关系猜词Strategywords

1.Intheolddays,whengirlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands,theyexpectedtobringwiththemselvesplentyofdowry.2.Mostoftherosesarebeginningtowither

becauseofthecold.3.Thesnakeslithered

throughthegrass.嫁妆枯萎爬行,滑行Strategy6:commonsense-根据生活常识猜词

1.Theshopsellsstationery['steiʃənəri]

,

suchaspens,pencils,paper,envelopes,andsoon.

2.Wetooktheprovision

[prəu'viʒən]withustocamp,forexample，thereweremeat,bread,milk,sugarandfruit.suchas,forexample,forinstance,illustrate,such,like,means,referto等Strategy7:givingexamples-根据举例猜词文具食物Strategywords标点

帮助理解词义Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchool,orEnglishLearning.

periodicalmeans__________________期刊Definition\explanation-释义猜词Word-formation-构词法猜词Synonym-同义猜词Antonym/transition-反义或转折猜词Causeandeffect-因果关系猜词Commonsense-生活常识猜词Givingexamples-举例猜词&标点符号1234567&8PracticemakesperfectGuessthemeaningofthewords(5mins)1.Sheaskedthehairdressertotrimherhairbecauseitwastoolong.

2.Birdsflywiththeirwings,andtheypickuptheirfoods,andtheneatthemwiththeirbeaks

andtheyusetheirclawsfortearing,seizing,pullingorholdingobjects.3.

Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy,hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim.4.Heisoneofthemostloquacious

menIknow,hisbrother,however,doesnottalkmuch.5.Childrenoftentrytoemulate,orcopythebehaviorthattheyseeontelevision.6.Finallytheenemysurrendered

[sə'rendə].

Theythrewdowntheirgunsandwalkedoutofthehomewiththeirhandsovertheirheads.

7.Whenafarmerkeepslivestock

['laivstɔk],

suchascows,sheep,pigsorgoats,hemustgivethemgrain,vegetables,grasses,etc…1.Sheaskedthehairdressertotrimherhairbecauseitwastoolong.

2.Birdsflywiththeirwings,andtheypickuptheirfoods,andtheneatthemwiththeirbeaksandtheyusetheirclawsfortearing,seizing,pullingorholdingobjects.3.

Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy,hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim.4.Heisoneofthemostloquacious

menIknow,hisbrother,however,doesnottalkmuch.修剪鸟嘴，喙不能通行的多话的；唠叨的Guessthemeaningofthewords(5mins)因果关系常识构词法(派生)转折关系im+pass+able5.Childrenoftentrytoemulate,orcopythebehaviorthattheyseeontelevision.6.Finallytheenemysurrendered

[sə'rendə].

Theythrewdowntheirgunsandwalkedoutofthehomewiththeirhandsovertheirheads.

7.Whenafarmerkeepslivestock

['laivstɔk],

suchascows,sheep,pigsorgoats,hemustgivethemgrain,vegetables,grasses,etc…效仿投降牲畜，家畜同义关系释义关系举例关系Guessthemeaningofthewords(4mins)1.找划线生词2.圈策略词3.推测词义(上下文语境）4.比对选项，排除不可能thestepstoguesswordsPART03.Practice真题演练[典例]1.Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormoustask.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.A．small B．hugeC．slowD．tiny2.(福建卷)Ifyou'retiredofwanderingaroundthegymwastingtimeandbecomingbored，youcanattendanupbeatgroupfitnessclassthat'llkeepyourworkoutontrack.Q:Theunderlinedword“upbeat”inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans“________”．A．cheerful B．averageC．seriousD．temporary3.(2017·全国卷)Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU．S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchangethat....29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3refertoA．Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.B．Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.C．Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.D．Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.4.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“softserve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren’sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.26．Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraphAdessertB．AdrinkC．AcontainerD．Amachine5.(2020江西新课标I)WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,

thesethreeweregiventomeasgifts,

whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,

whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,

rereadinganauthor'sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses．26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"currency"inparagraph4referto？________A.debt B.rewardC.allowance D.facevalue真题演练

[典例]

1.

Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormoustask.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.

A．small B．hugeC．slowD．tiny2.(福建卷)Ifyou'retiredofwanderingaroundthegymwastingtimeandbecomingbored，youcanattendanupbeat

groupfitnessclassthat'llkeepyourworkoutontrack.Q:Theunderlinedword“upbeat”inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans“________”．A．cheerful B．averageC．seriousD．temporary同义关系反义关系考代词的指代意义(this,that,it,them,these,those...)3.(2017·全国卷)Despitethecelebrations,though,intheUS.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchangethat....29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3refertoA．Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.B．Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.C．Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.D．Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.并列关系翻译原文比对