广东省广州市荔湾区2022-2023学年高二下学期英语期中考试（含答案）

广东省广州市荔湾区2022-2023学年高二下学期英语期中考试姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五六七总分评分一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读理解SaintPaulhasfouricerink(溜冰场)locations.Allhockey(冰球)rinkshaveboardsandnets.Seebelowforlocations,hours,andupdates.ColdWeatherPolicy:Rinkswillcloseiftemperaturesreach-25F.WarmWeatherPolicy:Inordertopreventextendedclosuresduetodamagedice,rinkswillcloseifmeltwaterisvisibleonthesurface.RinkHours&Locations:Rinkhoursandconditionsaresubjecttochangewithoutnotice.Rinkswillcloseperiodicallyformaintenance.Appointedhockeyrinksmaybeunavailableforopenskatingdoringhockeypracticesorscheduledopenhockeytimes.Pleasecallthenumberslistedbelowtoconfirmdetails.RinkNameStatusLightedHoursContactGrovelandClosedLightsturnoffat7pmdaily651-695-3714LangfordParkClosedLightsturnoffat9pmdaily651-298-5765PalaceOpenLightsturnoffat5pmdaily651-298-5677PhalenOpenMon-Fri:Lightsturnoffat9pmSat&Sun:Lightsturnoffat7pm651-793-6600Ourmaintenancecrewanddedicatedvolunteersworkhardtokeeptherinksclean,butSaintPaulsnowpilesupfastandfreezeseasily,whichcanquicklyreducetheskateablesurfaceareaoftherink.Evenifyoufeelyoucan'tcommittovolunteering,youarestilldesiredtohelpbyclearingsnowwhilevisitingtherinks.ThankyoufordoingyourparttomakeSaintPaulrinksgreat.1．Whatsituationcancauserinkstoclose?A．Nowaterisfoundonthesurface.B．Thetemperaturesarebelow25F.C．Rinksundergomaintenancechecks.D．Theboardsandnetsarealmostbroken.2．Whichrinkwillyougotoifyouareavailableat8pmonTuesdays?A．Phalen. B．Palace.C．Groveland. D．LangfordPark.3．Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?A．ToadvertiseSaintPaul'sicerinks.B．TopresentSaintPaul'ssnowpiles.C．Tostimulatevisitorstoremovesnow.D．Topraiserinks'crewandvolunteers.阅读理解Whenhewas7,DiebedoFrancisKerelefthisnativevillageGandoattheinsistenceofhisfathersothathemightlearntoreadandwrite.Gandohadneitheraschoolnorelectricitynorrunningwater.Kerereturnedhomeonholidays,andattheendofeveryvisit,thewomenvillagerswouldrevealapennytuckedintheirwaistbands—oftentheirlastpenny—thatthey'dgivehimasapartinggift.Thepenniesweretheirwayofcontributingtotheboy'seducation.Itwasaworthwhileinvestment:Kereisnowanarchitect,andin2001,hedidreturntoGandotobuildhisfirsteducationbuilding,GandoPrimarySchool.Keresettledonamethodoffortifying(加固)locallymadeclaybrickswithconcreteandcreatedafloating,double-roofsystemthatallowshotairtoriseoutofthebuildingandcoolairtocomein.Colorfulshutters(百叶窗)allowteacherstodirectsunlightintotheroomdependingonthehouroftheday.Mostsignificantly,theschoolwasbuiltbyvillagemembers—whohelpedproducethebricks,buildthewallsandpolishthemudfloors.Thisnotonlyallowedthevillagetobuildanewschoolinatimelyandeconomicalfashionbutitalsotaughtmarketableconstructiontechniquestountrainedlaborers.Forthisworkandotherhigh-profileprojects,KerebecamethefirstAfricanarchitecttowinthePritzkerArchitecturePrize."FrancisKere'sworkshowsusthepowerofmaterialityrootedinplace.Itissustainabletotheearthanditsresidents—inlandsofextremescarcity(缺乏),"announcedTomPritzker,chairmanoftheaward.Ofhiswork,Keresaidinastatement,"Itisnotbecauseyouarerichthatyoushouldwastematerial.Itisnotbecauseyouarepoorthatyoushouldnottrytocreatequality."4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"tucked"meaninthefirstparagraph?A．Spread. B．Chosen. C．Occupied. D．Hidden.5．WhatcanwelearnaboutGandoPrimarySchool?A．Itwasmadefrommodernmaterials.B．Itwasbuilttogetherbylocalresidents.C．Itreflectedthevillagers'hightechniques.D．Itwasequippedwithgoodairconditioners.6．WhatmadeKerehonoredwiththeprize?A．HisAfricanorigin. B．Hislivingenvironment.C．Hissustainableprojects. D．Hiseducationbackground.7．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesKere?A．Criticalandcareful. B．Generousandcautious.C．Curiousandresponsible. D．Ambitiousandcreative.阅读理解InIceland,thesegreenhousesmeltintothenaturallandscape,atechniquethatfirstappearedwiththearrivalofBritishsettlersduringthe9ththrough11thcenturies.Unliketheirpreviouswarmandwetclimate,woodwasrareandslowtoregenerate.Turf(草皮)becametheirfirstpicktomakeshelters.AcrossEurope,turfbricks—widelyavailable—werecutfromlocalbogs(沼泽)andtransportedforuseathigherlands.Theturfwasthenlaidoverawoodenstructuretoformwallsandathickroof—tokeepcoldoutfromtoughnorthernclimates.Turfwallswerereplacedasfrequentlyasevery20years,andevenupto70years.Itisdifficulttofindoutitspreciseoriginsinthearchaeologicalrecord.However,evidenceofsimilarconstructionscanbefoundinmanycountriesthroughouttheages.Historicrecordssuggestthatupto50percentofIcelandichouseswerepartlycomprisedofturfuntilthelate19thcentury.AspopulationsbegantogatherincitieslikeReykjavik,woodbuildingsreplacedstonesandeartharchitecture.Afterfiresburnedupthecityin1915,concretebecamethematerialofchoice.In1918IcelandgainedindependencefromDenmark,settinginmotionawaveofnationalismthatthreatenedthesurvivalofturfhouses.AdvocatesofmodernizationarguedthatReykjavikpaledincomparisontothegrandarchitecturethatgracedtheskylinesofParis,Berlin,andLondon.Traditionaltechniqueswerecriticizedas"rottenDanishwood"fromatroubledera,andtherewasacampaigntocleartheminfavorofmodernbuildings—amovelatercriticizedbymanyasdestructionofculturalheritage.Atourismboominthelatterhalfofthe20thcenturyencouragedIcelandtoreexaminethevalueoftraditionalarchitecture.DoIcelandersstillliveinturfhouses?Thequickestwaytoanswerthisquestionwouldbeno.YoumightstillseeanoccasionalgrassroofbutthathaseverythingtodowitharchitectureandIcelanderswantingtoholdontotheirbelovedheritageratherthananyneedforturfasinsulation(隔热)material.8．Whydidpeopleuseturftobuildhousesinthepast?A．Itmatchednatureperfectly.B．Itcouldbechangedoften.C．Itwaslong-lastingandaccessible.D．Itwasarequestbysettlers.9．Whatwasadirectresultofthewaveofnationalism?A．PeoplepackedintoReykjavik.B．Traditionalarchitecturewasinfavor.C．Turfhouseswerealmostunabletoexist.D．Concretebecameanewbuildingmaterial.10．Whatcanweinferabouttheturfhousefromthelastparagraph?A．Itstartscomingtolife. B．Itwillliveon.C．Itsmaterialwillimprove. D．Itisoutofdate.11．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Iceland'sturfstretchesbrightlyacrossEuropeB．Iceland'sturf—AnimportantbuildingmaterialC．Iceland'sturfhouses—AnexceptionalexampleD．Iceland'sturfhousessurvivebeautifullywithnature阅读理解Whatwouldyouthinkisthemostplentifulman-madematerialonearth?Steel,plastic,glass?Theanswerisconcrete.Andwhileit'sanincrediblyusefulmaterialexistingeverywhere,theenergyintensiveprocessofmakingconcretereleasesmassiveamountsofCO2intotheatmosphere,anditsmaincomponent,whichisamixtureofrocks,sand,waterandmostimportantly,cement(水泥)toglueitaltogether,isresponsiblefor7percentofglobalCO2emissions,leavingahugecarbonfootprint.Butwithoutcement,concretedoesn'tholdupskyscrapers.Whatiftherewasawaythatinsteadofreleasingcarbondioxide,concretecouldtrapitforever?CarbonCureiskindofthebrainsofthetechnology.Thisinnovationputscarbondioxideintotheconcreteasit'sbeingmixed.Whentheconcretehardens,thoseotherwiseharmfulemissionsaretrappedforever,beforetheyevenreachouratmosphere.ChristieGamble,partoftheteambehindCarbonCure'stechnology,explained,"WeactuallytransformtheCO2intoamineral,andtherealsellingpointisthatthemineralitselfimprovesthecompressive(压缩的)strengthfortheconcrete,whichmeansproducerslikeThomasConcretecanuselesscementintheirmixturesandstillachievethesamestrengthwithfeweremissions.CompressiontestsprovethattheconcretemadewithCarbonCureisjustashardyasthetraditionalstuff.Ifwecanreduce5percentofthecarbonfootprintoftheconcreteindustry,that'sasignificantchangefromwherewe'rerightnow.Ultimately,ifthistechnologywasemployedacrosstheglobe,wecouldreduceabout700megatonsofCO2everyyear,whichisthesameastaking150millioncarsofftheroadeveryyear.It'sgoingtochangethewaytheconcreteindustrydoesthings.ThoughcompaniespaytouseCarbonCureandbuyCO2fromafactory,theysavemoneybyusinglessoftheirmostexpensivecement.12．What'sthemainfocusonconcreteinparagraph2?A．Itsmakeup. B．Itsseriousairpollution.C．Itsdailyuse. D．Itsproducingprocess.13．HowdoesCarbonCurework?A．ByaddinganewmineraltoCO2.B．Byhardeningtheconcretemorequickly.C．Byimprovingthequalityofthecement.D．Bytrappingcarbondioxideintheconcrete.14．Inwhatwaydoestheauthorillustratetheeco-benefitofCarbonCure?A．Bymakingcomparisons. B．Bygivingexamples.C．Byanalyzingcauseandeffect. D．Byprovidingevidence.15．Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．Topresentaproblem. B．Toexplainaprocess.C．Toadvocateanaction. D．Tointroduceasolution.二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Teenageyearsareoneofthemostexcitingyetconfusingstagesinaperson'slife.Youarenolongerachild,yetnotquiteanadult.16．Oneofthemisyourpastime.Somepastimeshavenomoralimplications.Forexample,shallweplaybasketballorsoccer?17．Someexamplesincludeattendingapartywheretherewillbealcoholanddrugsfreelygivenout,lyingtoyourparentsorevenskippingschooltowatchamoviewithsomefriends.Howdoyourespond?Willyoufollowthem?Wantingtofeelpartofagroupmayforceyoutodothingsagainstyourbetterjudgement.However,itisokaytosaynotoanythingthatisillegal,orpotentiallycausesharmorishurtfultoyouorothers.18．Butyoudonotletthatstopyoufromstandinguptopeerpressureandbeingtruetoyourself.Ifyourfriendsaretruefriends,theywillrespectyourdecisionandnotforceyoutojointhem.Therearesomestepsyoumaytaketokeepawayfromnegativepeerpressure.Firstly,stayawayfromfriendswhoforceyoutodothingsthatyouknowarewrong.Instead,spendmoretimewithfriendswhosharethesamevalueasyou.19．Andifasituationgetsoutofhand,donothesitatetoapproachanadultyoutrustforhelp.Itmaynotalwaysbeeasytoresistpeerpressure,butdoknowthatyouwillfeelgoodaboutyourselflater.Andevenwithoutyourealizingit,youmayhavebeenacatalystinyourgrouptobringaboutapositivechange.20．A.Thisiswhenyouformanewhabitofmakingfriends.B.Next,betruetoyourselfandsticktowhatyoubelievein.C.Youareatatimeofexploration,tryingtofindoutyourpreferences.D.Thesepeersnolongerhavetheabilitytodeveloptheirownpersonality.E.Youmaybeafraidtorefuseforfearoflosingfriendsorbeinglaughedat.F.However,thereareotherchoicesthatneedtobemadebasedonyourvaluesinlife.G.Othersinyourgroupmayjustfollowyourleadandgaincouragetodotherightthing.三、完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。TodayImetConnell,91,almostfullyblindandpartlydeaf.Buthestillhadhishumour.WhileIwasgettingapedicure(修脚)inashop,Connellwas21．tothechairnexttome.Beinghisfirsttimehere,hewas22．alittleembarrassed.Thenwestartedchattingandhetoldmehisstoriesasatruckdriver.ConnellnoticedIgotalegmassage(推拿)andhe23．hewantedonetoo,soIhelpedhimexplainittothewaitress.ConnellaskedmewhatI24．foraliving.ItoldhimIwasanindependentdisabilitysupportperson.Hearingthis,he25．said,"Hey,I'mdisabled!I'mblind!"ThenhelaughedandIlaughedtoo,26．himthathewas91alreadyandcouldn'tquitehaveitall.WhenIwas27．,Ipaidforhistreatmentalso,andtriedto28．beforehenoticed.Butthewaitresswho29．meranoverandtoldhim.Tearsineyes,hetriedreachingforhis30．.HetoldmeIcouldn'tpossiblypayforhim,towhichmy31．was"YesIcan…Umm…Ialreadyhave…"AsIwas32．onmyresponse,awomanwhowaswatchingthescenesaiditwasreally33．.AllIaskedfromConnellwasahug.Infact,itwasjustsomeoneshowingagentlemanalittle34．,andhisimpactwas35．onmethanI'msureminewasonhim.21．A．guided B．connected C．limited D．dragged22．A．roughly B．understandably C．bitterly D．frequently23．A．explained B．decided C．imagined D．declared24．A．played B．chatted C．did D．drove25．A．angrily B．honestly C．sincerely D．excitedly26．A．reminding B．promising C．finding D．showing27．A．competing B．working C．leaving D．waiting28．A．lookdown B．setup C．speakup D．getaway29．A．accompanied B．impressed C．served D．attracted30．A．cigarettes B．wallet C．seat D．pocket31．A．condition B．advice C．response D．request32．A．choking B．deciding C．holding D．posting33．A．unique B．lovely C．formal D．suitable34．A．confidence B．hope C．knowledge D．kindness35．A．faster B．closer C．weaker D．greater四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ThecarbonemissionintensityofmajoragriculturalproductsinChinaisonadownwardtrend,accordingtoareport36．(release)bytheChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences(CAAS)onFriday."Chinahasachievedalowcarbonemissionintensityinagriculture,37．(make)apositivecontributiontoaddressingglobalclimatechange,"saidMeiXurong,vicepresidentoftheCAAS.Accordingtothereport,China'sgrossagriculturalproductaccounts38．9.5percentofthetotalgrossdomesticproduct(GDP),whilethetotalcarbonemissionsfromagriculturalproductionmake39．only6.7percentofChina'stotalcarbonemissions.Chinahasensuredfood40．(secure)andtheeffectivesupplyofimportantagriculturalproducts,achievingalowcarbonemissionintensityinagriculture,thereportsaid.ItsaidthatChinainvestsaround100billionyuan(about$14.6billion)eachyear41．(support)theconstructionofhigh-standardfarmland.42．(adopt)newtechnologiesenables43．increaseinfoodproductionwhilereducingcarbonemissions.Inrecentyears,China44．(make)useofrenewableenergytechnologytotreatmorethanmillionmetrictonsoforganicwastefromagricultureandruralareaseachyear,45．(effective)reducingenvironmentalpollutionandcarbonemissions,thereportadded.五、单词拼写，根据括号内所给单词的中文意思，结合句意，在横线处填入该单词的正确形式。（共10小题，每小题0.5分，共5分）46．Wemusttrytoliveinpeaceand(和谐)withourselvesandthosearoundus.47．Ifyouwanttojoinourclub,there'san(每年的)membershipfeeof$100andyoushouldpayeveryyear.48．Itis(残忍的)ofyoutokillsuchasmallbird.49．Weknowhimverywell,becauseheisavisitorhere.(常客)50．Overthreehundredpeoplehavediedof(starve)sincethebeginningoftheyear.51．Thecousins（容忍）eachother,butdidnotreallygetonwelltogether.52．Womenarenolonger(支配)bythemenintheirrelationships.53．Atlast,herfather'sworkhasreceivedpopular(recognize).54．Sheisoneofthemost(有影响力的)figuresinlocalpolitics.55．Wemadea(承诺)tokeepworkingtogether.六、完成句子，根据句意，结合所学句型，在横线处填入所学短语的正确形式。（共7题，每空0.5分，共10分）56．她在加拿大的成长经历使她有别于美国演员。ItwasherupbringinginCanadathathasAmericanactors.57．我不能想象坐车被堵在路上，变得越来越焦虑不安。Ican'timaginesittingintraffic,getting.58．鲜花使沉闷的房间恢复了生气。Flowersadullroomback.59．他代表全体教职工讲了话。Hespokeallthemembersofthefacultyandstaff.60．应观众的极力要求，这出戏将在剧院每周上演两次。theaudience'sgreatdemand,theplaywillbeputoninthetheatretwiceaweek.61．我们已决定下周去旅行。Wegoingforatripnextweek.62．要是塑料和橡胶被焚，就会释放出有毒的气体。Ifplasticandrubberareburnt,theywillpoisonousgases.七、书面表达（满分25分）63．读后续写AcoupleofmonthsbeforeIstartedhighschool,myparentsgavemethegreatestgiftanyteenageboywouldaskfor:acellphone.Ilivedonthatphoneallsummer.Ialwaystexted(给……发短信)myfriends,evenatnight.AndIpaidnoattentiontothepeopleandthingsaroundmyself.BeingconnectedtotheInternetwasmoreimportantthanbeingpresent.So,youcanimaginemydispleasurewhenIlearnedwhatmydadhadplannedforourfamilyvacationthatyear.ItwasnottheDisneylandtriporbeachvacationthatIhadbeenhopingfor."Thisyear,"mydadsaid,"we'llbedoingsomethingspecial,somethingIusedtodowithmydadwhenIwasakid.We'regoingcampingintheforest!"Hisexcitementwasmetwithadisappointedsigh(失望的叹息),whichwasmycommunicationstyleatthatage.Buthehadmadethedecisionandwouldnotchangehismind.Icomfortedmyselfbytellingmyselfthatitwasstillavacation.Iremaineduninfluencedwhentheywerebusypreparingforthevacation.Mymindwasonmyphone,thetextsflyingbackandforth.IfocusedonthescreeninmyhandssomuchthatthefirsttimeIlookedupwaswhenwedroveacrossabridgeonthetriptoourcampsite.Ilookedoutofthewindowandsawafast-movingriver.Theairblowingintothecarfromtheopenwindowswashotandsmeltoftrees.Butthatdidn'tmattertome.ThereasonwhyIhadlookedupwasforsomethingfarmoreseriousandannoying.Myphonenolongerhadservice.Thesignalwasweak.Duringthelasthourofthedrive,therewasnosignalatall.注意：所续写短文的词数应为l50左右；续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好Paragraph1：Mydadexplainedhechoseacampsitethathadnophoneservice.Paragraph2:Thenextmorning,withoutcheckingmyphoneasusual,Ifixedmymindonnaturearoundmyself.

答案解析部分【答案】1．C2．A3．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了圣保罗的几个溜冰场以及相关信息。【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。1．考查细节理解。根据RinkHours&Locations:部分中的“Rinkswillcloseperiodicallyformaintenance.”溜冰场将定期关闭进行维护。可知，冰场会在维修检查期间关闭，故选C。2．考查细节理解。根据图表中LightedHours部分中的“LangfordPark”一栏“Closed”关闭，“Lightsturnoffat9pmdaily”每天晚上9点熄灯；以及“Phalen”一栏“Open”开放，“Mon-Fri:Lightsturnoffat9pm”周一至周五9点熄灯。可知，晚上8点可以去的溜冰场为LangfondPark和Phallen，但LangfondPark处于关闭状态，而Phalen处于开放状态，故选A。3．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Evenifyoufeelyoucan'tcommittovolunteerinyouarestilldesiredtohelpbyclearingsnowwhilevisitingtherinks.”即使你觉得自己无法承担义务工作，你仍然希望在参观溜冰场时帮忙扫雪。可知，最后一段的目的是号召游客清扫冰场里的积雪。故选B。【答案】4．D5．B6．C7．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了DiebedoFrancisKere学成后报效家乡，用独特的、可持续的设计为家乡修建小学的故事。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4．考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“thewomenvillagerswouldrevealapenny”女村民们会拿出一便士；以及“intheirwaistbands”在她们的腰带里。可推知，女村民们给DiebedoFrancisKere的钱是藏在她们的腰带里的，划线词tucked意为“藏”，故选D。5．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Mostsignificantly,theschoolwasbuiltbyvillagemembers—whohelpedproducethebricks,buildthewallsandpolishthemudfloors.”最重要的是，这所学校是由村民建造的，他们帮忙制砖、砌墙和抛光泥地板。可知，GandoPrimarySchool是由当地居民共同建造的。故选B。6．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“‘FrancisKere'sworkshowsusthepowerofmaterialityrootedinplace.Itissustainabletotheearthanditsresidents—inlandsofextremescarcity(缺乏),'announcedTomPritzker,chairmanoftheaward.”奖项主席汤姆·普利兹克宣布：“FrancisKere的作品向我们展示了根植于地方的物质的力量。这对地球和它的居民来说是可持续的——在极端稀缺的土地上。”可知，Kere的可持续发展项目使他获得了该奖项。故选C。7．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Whenhewas7,DiebedoFrancisKerelefthisnativevillageGandoattheinsistenceofhisfathersothathemightlearntoreadandwrite.”7岁时，在父亲的坚持下，迪贝多·弗朗西斯·凯尔离开了家乡甘多村，以便学习阅读和写作；第二段中的“Itwasaworthwhileinvestment:Kereisnowanarchitect,andin2001,hedidreturntoGandotobuildhisfirsteducationbuilding,GandoPrimarySchool.”这是一项值得的投资：Kere现在是一名建筑师，2001年，他回到Gando，建造了他的第一座教育大楼GandoPrimarySchool)”可知，Kere从小离家学习，学成后报效家乡。可推知他是一个有抱负的人；以及“Keresettledonamethodoffortifying(加固)locallymadeclaybrickswithconcreteandcreatedafloating,double-roofsystemthatallowshotairtoriseoutofthebuildingandcoolairtocomein.Colorfulshutters(百叶窗)allowteacherstodirectsunlightintotheroomdependingonthehouroftheday.”Kere采用了一种方法，用混凝土加固当地制造的粘土砖，并创建了一个浮动的双层屋顶系统，使热空气从建筑中升起，冷空气进入。彩色的百叶窗可以让老师根据一天中的不同时间将阳光照进房间。可知，在修建GandoPrimarySchool时他用了独特的、可持续的设计。可推知，他是一个有创造性的人。故选D。【答案】8．C9．C10．B11．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，公元9——11世纪草皮屋因其容易获得且持久而大量出现，1918年冰岛的民族浪潮影响到它们的存在。现在，草皮屋和自然景观融为一体，成为冰岛靓丽的风景。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。8．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Unliketheirpreviouswarmandwetclimate,woodwasrareandslowtoregenerate.Turf(草皮)becametheirfirstpicktomakeshelters.”与之前温暖潮湿的气候不同，木材稀少，再生缓慢。草皮成了他们的首选；以及第二段中的“AcrossEurope,turfbricks—widelyavailable—werecutfromlocalbogs(沼泽)andtransportedforuseathigherlands.”在整个欧洲，草坪砖——随处可见——是从当地的沼泽中切割下来的，然后运到更高的地方使用；以及“Turfwallswerereplacedasfrequentlyasevery20years,andevenupto70years.”草坪墙每20年更换一次，甚至每70年更换一次。可知，在过去人们用草皮修建房屋，是因为草皮容易获得且持久。故选C。9．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“In1918IcelandgainedindependencefromDenmark,settinginmotionawaveofnationalismthatthreatenedthesurvivalofturfhouses.”1918年，冰岛脱离丹麦获得独立，引发了一股民族主义浪潮，威胁到草皮屋的生存。可知，民族浪潮的直接影响是导致草皮屋几乎无法继续存在。故选C。10．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“YoumightstillseeanoccasionalgrassroofbutthathaseverythingtodowitharchitectureandIcelanderswantingtoholdontotheirbelovedheritageratherthananyneedforturfasinsulation(隔热)material.”你可能偶尔还会看到草屋顶，但这与建筑和冰岛人想要保留他们心爱的遗产有关，而不是需要草皮作为隔热材料。可推知，草皮屋会继续存在，因为冰岛人想要保留他们心爱的遗产。故选B。11．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“InIceland,thesegreenhousesmeltintothenaturallandscape,atechniquethatfirstappearedwiththearrivalofBritishsettlersduringthe9ththrough11thcenturies.”在冰岛，这些绿色的房子与自然景观融为一体，这种技术在9世纪至11世纪英国移民到来时首次出现；结合全文可知，本文介绍公元9——11世纪草皮屋因其容易获得且持久而大量出现，1918年冰岛的民族浪潮影响到它们的存在。现在，草皮屋和自然景观融为一体，成为冰岛靓丽的风景。“冰岛的草皮房屋与自然和谐相处”适合作为文章的标题。故选D。【答案】12．B13．D14．A15．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了混泥土是地球上最多产的人造材料，它的产生给人类带来了好处，但也有一些环境问题，同时提出了解决混泥土产生碳排放的方法。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。12．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“...mostimportantly,cement(水泥)toglueitaltogether,isresponsiblefor7percentofglobalCO2emissions,leavingahugecarbonfootprint.”最重要的是，将其粘合在一起的水泥，占全球二氧化碳排放量的7%，留下了巨大的碳足迹。可知，构成混泥土重要的成分之一——水泥，会排放二氧化碳，对环境有影响，故选B。13．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“CarbonCureiskindofthebrainsofthetechnology.Thisinnovationputscarbondioxideintotheconcreteasit'sbeingmixed.Whentheconcretehardens,thoseotherwiseharmfulemissionsaretrappedforever,beforetheyevenreachouratmosphere.”碳疗是技术的大脑。这项创新在混凝土混合的过程中把二氧化碳加入到混凝土中。当混凝土变硬时，那些本来有害的排放物甚至在进入我们的大气层之前就被永远截留了。可知，CarbonCure把碳在排放之前截留了，故选D。14．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Ifwecanreduce5percentofthecarbonfootprintoftheconcreteindustry,that'sasignificantchangefromwherewe'rerightnow.Ultimately,ifthistechnologywasemployedacrosstheglobe,wecouldreduceabout700megatonsofCO2everyyear,whichisthesameastaking150millioncarsofftheroadeveryyear.”如果我们能减少混凝土行业5%的碳足迹，那将是一个巨大的改变。最终，如果这项技术在全球范围内应用，我们每年可以减少大约7亿吨的二氧化碳，这相当于每年减少1.5亿辆汽车。可知，作者通过比较前后的变化来论证CarbonCure给我们带来的好处。故选A。15．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Whatiftherewasawaythatinsteadofreleasingcarbondioxide,concretecouldtrapitforever?”有没有一种方法可以让混凝土永远困住二氧化碳，而不是释放二氧化碳呢?。可知，文章通过引出问题到中间提出解决方法，主要是告诉读者我们可以解决混泥土碳排放的方法。故选D。【答案】16．C；17．F；18．E；19．B；20．G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了青少年时期的一些特点以及远离消极同辈压力的方法。

【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇生活类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。16．根据空前"Teenageyearsareoneofthemostexcitingyetconfusingstagesinaperson'slife.Youarenolongerachild,yetnotquiteanadult."青少年时期是人一生中最激动人心但又最令人困惑的阶段之一。你已不再是孩子，但也不完全是成年人；以及空后"Oneofthemisyourpastime."其中之一就是你的消遣。可知，上文提到了青少年是最令人困惑的阶段之一，且下文提到了消遣，所以此处说明这一阶段的特点，C.Youareatatimeofexploration,tryingtofindoutyourpreferences."你处在一个探索的时期，试图找出自己的喜好"符合语境，故选C。17．根据空前"Somepastimeshavenomoralimplications.Forexample,shallweplaybasketballorsoccer?"有些消遣是没有道德含义的。例如，我们打篮球还是踢足球？；以及空后"Someexamplesincludeattendingapartywheretherewillbealcoholanddrugsfreelygivenout,lyingtoyourparentsorevenskippingschooltowatchamoviewithsomefriends."一些例子包括参加一个派对，那里会免费提供酒精和毒品，对你的父母撒谎，甚至逃学和一些朋友看电影。可知，上文提到了不涉及道德判断的消遣，下文的例子则是关于道德判断的，F.However,thereareotherchoicesthatneedtobemadebasedonyourvaluesinlife."然而，还有其他的选择需要根据你的人生价值观来做出"符合语境，故选F。18．根据空前"Wantingtofeelpartofagroupmayforceyoutodothingsagainstyourbetterjudgement.However,itisokaytosaynotoanythingthatisillegal,orpotentiallycausesharmorishurtfultoyouorothers."想要融入群体可能会迫使你做一些违背自己正确判断的事情。然而，对任何非法的、可能造成伤害或对你或他人造成伤害的事情说"不"是可以的；以及空后"Butyoudonotletthatstopyoufromstandinguptopeerpressureandbeingtruetoyourself.Ifyourfriendsaretruefriends,theywillrespectyourdecisionandnotforceyoutojointhem."但你不会让这阻止你顶住同伴的压力，做真实的自己。如果你的朋友是真正的朋友，他们会尊重你的决定，不会强迫你加入他们。可知，上文提到想要融入群体可能会迫使你做一些违背自己正确判断的事情，可推测本句旨在说明因为害怕失去朋友，而不敢对朋友说"不"，拒绝对方。E.Youmaybeafraidtorefuseforfearoflosingfriendsorbeinglaughedat."你可能因为害怕失去朋友或被嘲笑而不敢拒绝"符合语境，故选E。19．根据空前"Therearesomestepsyoumaytaketokeepawayfromnegativepeerpressure.Firstly,stayawayfromfriendswhoforceyoutodothingsthatyouknowarewrong.Instead,spendmoretimewithfriendswhosharethesamevalueasyou."你可以采取一些措施来远离消极的同辈压力。首先，远离那些强迫你做你明知是错的事情的朋友。相反，花更多的时间和与你有相同价值观的朋友在一起；以及空后"Andifasituationgetsoutofhand,donothesitatetoapproachanadultyoutrustforhelp."如果情况失控，不要犹豫，向你信任的成年人寻求帮助。可知，上文提到的是第一点措施，此处应说明第二点远离消极同辈压力的措施。B.Next,betruetoyourselfandsticktowhatyoubelievein."其次，做真实的自己，坚持你的信仰"符合语境，故选B。20．根据空前"Itmaynotalwaysbeeasytoresistpeerpressure,butdoknowthatyouwillfeelgoodaboutyourselflater.Andevenwithoutyourealizingit,youmayhavebeenacatalystinyourgrouptobringaboutapositivechange."抵制来自同辈的压力可能并不容易，但要知道，你以后会自我感觉良好的。甚至在你没有意识到的情况下，你可能已经成为团队中的催化剂，带来了积极的改变。可知，上文提到"你可能已经成为团队中的催化剂，带来了积极的改变"，说明你在带领这个团队，让其他人跟随你的积极领导。G.Othersinyourgroupmayjustfollowyourleadandgaincouragetodotherightthing."你组里的其他人可能会跟随你的领导，获得勇气去做正确的事情"符合语境，故选G。【答案】21．A；22．B；23．B；24．C；25．D；26．A；27．C；28．D；29．C；30．B；31．