2024北京北师大二附中高二（下）期中英语试题及答案

试题PAGE1试题2024北京北师大二附中高二（下）期中英语说明：本试卷共10页，115分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。一、词汇（共20小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分）词义匹配A.抵抗B.禁闭C.探讨D.担任主演1.confine________________2.resist________________3.feature________________4.explore________________词义匹配A.垂直的B.完全相同的C.营养的D.巨大的5.nutritional________________6.identical________________7.dramatic________________8.vertical________________词义匹配A.致命的B.人工的C.杰出的D.冷淡的9.distant________________10.fatal________________11.artificial________________12.exceptional________________词义匹配A.毕业证书B.间隔C.优势D.重力13.gravity________________14.edge________________15.diploma________________16.interval________________词义匹配A.试验B.格式C.理由D.差异17.form________________18.ground________________19.variation________________20.trial________________二、完型填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AGoodCustodianIknowawomanwhotrieshardtobeagoodcustodian.Ipasshereverydayafterschoolasshepusheshercartdownmyhallway.Ofcourse,sheismybuilding’scleaner.OneTuesdaymorningIcameintoschoolandsawa____21____onmydeskfrommycustodian.Itseemedthatsomeunbearablefirstyearstudentshaddamagedthebathroominaparticularlydisgustingwayandshehadbeenchargedtocleanit.Thistook____22____thanshehadexpected.Shehadleftthetypewrittennoteonmydeskto____23____fornotbeingabletocleanmyroomasshewas____24____todo.Atthebeginningoftheperiod,Isharedhernotewithmyfirstperiodclass.WhenImentionedthatourcustodianhadapologizedtous,theirfirst____25____wastovolunteertoseekoutandbeatupthosefirstyearstudentsformakingourcustodianhavetocleanuptheirmess.Itturnedoutthatjustaboutallofmystudentsalsoknewourcustodianbyname—allofthemrespondedwithsmilesandtalkedforalongtimeaboutthistimeorthattimewhenshe’d____26____eachoftheminthehallway.Thatshefeltsheneededtoapologizeearnedastrongreactionfrommanyofthekids.Astheclassperiodwasabouttoend,daskedthemtocheckthefloorlikeIdoeveryperiodandthankedthemforpickingupanygarbageevenifitwasn’ttheirs.Myentireclassdisappeared;theyeachdisappearedinstantly____27____theirdeskstopickupthoseannoyingtinypiecesofpaperthatfallsoeasilyfromnotebooks.OnegirlmadeacommentthatIlaterusedwithmyotherclasses:“Herjobmightbetocleantheroom,butsheshouldn’thavetocleanupafterus,There’sadifference.”Ibelievethatpeopleknowthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.Ibelievethatpeopleappreciateitwhenothers____28____takecareofthem.AndIbelievethatpeople,evenadolescents’whoarenotquiteyetmature,appreciateitwhentheyseesomeonewhotakes____29____inherwork.Sometimesweneeda_____30_____ofthethingswetakeforgranted…thingslikeagoodcustodiantotakecareofus.21.A.paper B.handbook C.note D.letter22.A.shorter B.longer C.more D.less23.A.apologize B.regret C.appeal D.complain24.A.recommended B.believed C.approved D.scheduled25.A.answer B.reaction C.decision D.behavior26.A.visited B.called C.praised D.greeted27.A.above B.under C.beyond D.across28.A.freely B.gently C.hopefully D.sincerely29.A.advantage B.pride C.action D.chance30.A.keeper B.caretaker C.reminder D.observer三、阅读理解（共两节；满分38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，满分28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。ABikeRental&GuidedToursWelcometoAmsterdam,welcometoMacBike.Youseemuchmorefromtheseatofabike!Cyclingisthemosteconomical,sustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecity,withitsbeautifulcanals,parks,squaresandcountlesslights.YoucanalsobikealonglovelylandscapesoutsideofAmsterdam.WhyMacBikeMacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(刹车),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排挡),bikeswithchildseats,andchildren’sbikes.PricesHandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears1hour€7.50€5.003hours€11.00€7.501day(24hours)€14.75€9.75Eachadditionalday€8.00€6.00GuidedCityToursThe2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.31.WhatisanadvantageofMacBike?A.Itgiveschildrenadiscount. B.Itoffersmanytypesofbikes.C.Itorganizesfreecycletours. D.Ithasover2,500rentalshops.32.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?A.€15.75. B.€19.50. C.€22.75. D.€29.50.33.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?A.TheGooyer,Windmill. B.TheSkinnyBridge.C.HeinekenBrewery. D.DamSquare.BThememoryofoneparticularsummereveningisstillburnedinmybrainasifitwereyesterday.Therewasnothingbutwide-openfieldsformilesandmilesaroundourruralMinnesotahome.Meneversawstrangersnoteverandhereonthishoteveningwasarealliveonewalkingupourdriveway.Ayoungman,aslightly-builthitchhiker(搭便车的人)approachedourdoor.Heknewtherewasastormcoming,andhedesperatelyneededshelter.Notwantingtointrudeonourhomeandfamily,heaskedmydadifhecouldsleepinourbasementforthenightforprotectionfromtherain.Insteadofsayingyes,mydadloadedusallupinthe1959Chevrolet:fivekids,mymum,andtheman.Ourfamilyconsistedofthreeolderchildrenwhosefatherhaddiedyoungandthreemorechildrenfromtheunionormymotherandfather.OurolderbrotherJerrywasintheNavy,onashipsomewhereoverseas.Ourmumanddadworriedabouthim.Wedrovehim10milestothenexttown,whereDadboughtthemanaroomforthenightalongwithahoteveningmeal.Inthecarafterwedroppedoffthestranger,Iheardmydadsaytomymum,“IjusthopethatitJerryeverneedsanything,thiskindnesswillbereturnedtohim.”Weekslater,Dadtoldmyuncleabouttheyoungman.Myunclesuggestedthatperhapsmydadshouldn’thavetakentheriskofhavingastrangerinourcar.Mydadreplied,“Youareabsolutelyright.Ishouldhaveinvitedhimintoourhome.”34.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“intrudeon”inparagraph2mean?A.Disturb. B.Scare. C.Embarrass. D.Upset.35.Howdidtheauthor’sfatherhelpthestranger?A.Byprovidingabedforhiminthebasement.B.Bylettinghimstayforthenightinthecar.C.Bytakinghimtoahotelinanothertown.D.Bycookingahoteveningmealforhim.36.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor’sfamily?A.Thefamilyhadfivechildrenintotal.B.JerrywasservinginthearmyintheUSA.C.Theyhadnospareroomforthehitchhiker.D.Dadwishedhiseldersontobetreatedkindly.CIfadiversurfacestooquickly,hemaysufferthebends.Nitrogen(氮)dissolved(溶解)inhisbloodissuddenlyliberatedbythereductionofpressure.Theconsequence,ifthebubbles(气泡)accumulateinajoint,issharppainandabentbody-thusthename.Ifthebubblesforminhislungsorhisbrain,theconsequencecanbedeath.Otherair-breathinganimals-alsosufferthisdecompression(减压)sicknessiftheysurfacetoofast:whales,forexample.Andso,longago,didichthyosaurs.Thattheseancientseaanimalsgotthebendscanbeseenfromtheirbones.Ifbubblesofnitrogenforminsidethebonetheycancutoffitsbloodsupply.Thiskillsthecellsinthebone,andconsequentlyweakensit,sometimestothepointofcollapse.Fossilbanesthathavecavedinonthemselvesarethusasignthattheanimaloncehadthebends.BruceRothschildoftheUniversityofKansasknewallthiswhenhebeganastudyofichthyosaurbonestofindouthowwidespreadtheproblemwasinthepast.Whatheparticularlywantedtoinvestigatewashowichthyosaursadaptedtotheproblemofdecompressionoverthe150millionyears.Tothisend,heandhiscolleaguestraveledtheworld’snatural-historymuseums,lookingathundredsofichthyosaursfromtheTriassicperiodandfromthelaterJurassicandCretaceousperiods.Whenhestarted,heassumedthatsignsofthebendswouldberarerinyoungerfossils,reflectingtheirgradualevolutionofmeasurestodealwithdecompression.Instead,hewasastonishedtodiscovertheopposite.Morethan15%ofJurassicandCretaceousichthyosaurshad,sufferedthebendsbeforetheydied,butnotasingleTriassicspecimen(标本)showedevidenceofthatsortofinjuryIfichthyosaursdidevolveananti-decompressionmeans,theyclearlydidsoquickly—and,moststrangely,theylostitafterwards.ButthatisnotwhatDr.Rothschildthinkshappened.Hesuspectsitwasevolutioninotheranimalsthatcausedthechange.Whalesthatsufferthebendsoftendosobecausetheyhavesurfacedtoescapeapredator(捕食动物)suchasalargeshark.OneofthefeaturesofJurassicoceanswasanabundanceoflargesharksandcrocodiles,bothofwhichwerefondofichthyosaurlunches.Triassicoceans,bycontrast,weremercifullyshark-andcrocodile-free.IntheTriassic,then,ichthyosaursweretooofthefoodchain.IntheJurassicandCretaceous,theywereprey(猎物)aswellaspredator—andoftenhadtomakeaspeedyexitasaresult.37.Whichofthefollowingisatypicalsymptomofthebends?A.Atwistedbody.B.Adropinbloodpressure.C.Agradualdecreaseinbloodsupply.D.Asuddenreleaseofnitrogeninblood.38.ThepurposeofRothschild’sstudyistosee______.A.whyichthyosaursbenttheirbodiesB.whenichthyosaursbroketheirbonesC.howoftenichthyosaurscaughtthebendsD.howichthyosaursadaptedtodecompression39.Rothschild’sfindingstatedinParagraph4______.A.confirmedhisassumptionB.disagreedwithhisassumptionC.changedhisresearchobjectivesD.speededuphisresearchprocess40.Rothschildmighthaveconcludedthatichthyosaurs______.A.failedtoevolveananti-decompressionmeansB.diedoutbecauseoflargesharksandcrocodilesC.graduallydevelopedmeasuresagainstthebendsD.evolvedananti-decompressionmeansbutsoonlostitDAn8-year-oldboyIknowissmallforhisage,shorterandslighterthanhisfriends,evensmallerthanhis5-year-oldsister.Concernedabouttheincreasinguseandpossiblerisksofgrowthhormone(生长激素),Iaskedhismotherifshe’dconsideredtreatinghimwithit.Shereplied,“Notreally.He’sbuiltlikehisfather,whowasshortandslightasaboyanddidn’tshootupuntilcollege.”Hisfather,at41,isnow6feettall,thoughstillveryslender.Herecallsbeingareasonablyathleticchildbutwithoutthephysicalpowerofhisfriends,makingupforwhathelackedinmasswithspeedand

agility.“Ienjoyedcompetitivesportsandworkedonskillsothersdidn’thave,”hetoldme,andsaidheencourageshissontorecognizeand

capitalizeon

theskillshehas.Ifonlyeveryparentwithashortbuthealthychildapproachedthematterassensibly.Expertsestimatethat60%to80%ofchildrenwhoareshortfortheiragedonothaveagrowthhormonedeficiency(缺乏)orothermedicalconditionthatlimitsgrowth.Butknowingthere’satherapyavailabletoincreaseheight,someparentsseekamedicalsolutionforaperceivedproblem,evenwhenthereisnomedicalabnormality.Theyshouldalsoknow,however,thatnewresearchhaslinkedgrowthhormonetreatmenttoseriousunfavorablehealtheffectsyearslater.Dr.AddaGrimberg,adoctoratChildren’sHospitalofPhiladelphia,recalledthat“Twentyyearsago,familieswerefocusedonhealth.Theycameinwithachildwhowasnotgrowingrightandwantedtoknowiftherewasanunderlying

disease.Now,moreandmore,they’refocusedonheight.Theywantgrowthhormone,lookingforaspecificheight.Butthisisnotlikeonlineshopping;youcan’tjustplaceanorderandmakeachildtheheightyouwant.”In2003,theFoodandDrugAdministrationapproveduseofrecombinanthumangrowthhormonefortheconditionknownas“idiopathicshortstature”,orshortbuildofunknowncause,whichisnotadisease.Butithascausedagrowingnumberofparentstoconsiderusingthehormonetoboosttheheightoftheirchildren.Theresultingrushtotherapyreflectsconcernsaboutawidespreadsocietalbias(偏见)againstshortness,ratherthanatruemedicalneed.Expertshavenotedthatthepractice

backsupthebeliefthatshortstatureisunacceptable,leadingtoanincreasingdemandfortherapy.Itisfarbetter,Dr.Grimbergsuggested,tohelpashortchilddevelopcopingskillsthantobuyinchesthroughmedicine.41.Asfortheparents’attitudetotheir8-year-oldboy’sshortness,theauthoris________.A.critical B.tolerant C.supportive D.worried42.Howdomanyparentstodayreacttotheirchildren’sshortness?A.Theyareeagertogettheexpectedresult.B.Theysparenoefforttosortoutthecause.C.Theyfeeldisturbedbytheirchildren’shealth.D.Theyhelpdeveloptheirchildren’scopingskills.43.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegrowthhormonetreatment?A.Itmightbeofficiallyrecommended.B.Itmayfuelheightdiscrimination.C.Itispushedbyamedicalneed.D.Itistargetedatcertaindiseases.44.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.ShowertheShortwithGrowthHormonesB.FindReplacementforGrowthHormonesC.AssesstheEffectsofGrowthHormonesD.WeightheUseofGrowthHormones第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。GiantPandaIsNoLongerEndangeredAleadinginternationalgrouphastakenthegiantpandaoffitsendangeredlistthankstodecadesofconservationefforts,butChina'sgovernmentisunwillingtoacceptthechange,sayingitdidnotviewthestatusofthecountry'sbelovedsymbolasanylessserious.TheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN)saidinareportthatthepandaisnowclassifiedasa“vulnerable”insteadof“endangered”species,reflectingitsgrowingnumbersinthewildinsouthernChina.___45___ThatistheresultofworkbyChineseagenciestocarryouthuntingbansandexpandforestreserves.Inastatement,China'sStateForestryAdministrationsaidthatitdoubtedtheclassificationchangebecausepandas'naturalhabitatshavebeenmainlyseparatedbyhumancauses.Theanimalsliveinsmall,isolatedgroupsofasfewas10pandasthatstruggletoreproduceandfacetheriskofdisappearingaltogether.Ifwerelaxourconservationwork,thepopulationsandhabitatsofgiantpandaswouldstillsufferagreatloss.___46___Therefore,we'renotbeingalarmist(危言耸听的)bycontinuingtoemphasizethepandaspecies'endangeredstatus.___47___JohnHoward,aseniorofficialatWorldSocietyfortheProtectionofAnimals,expressedhissatisfactionovertheeffectivemeasurestakenbytheChinesegovernment.TheChinesegovernmentandtheWorldWildlifeFund(WWF)firstestablishedtheWolongNationalNatureReserveinSichuanprovincein1980.WildpandanumbershavesinceslowlyreboundedasChinacrackeddownontheskintrade.___48___Overthelastfewdecades,internationalgroupsandtheChinesegovernmenthaveworkedtosavewildpandasandbreedtheminfaceoftheirextinction.ItisnotsurprisingthattheWWF,whoselogohasbeenapandasince1961,celebratedthepanda'sre-classification.___49___A.Asaresult,ourachievementswouldbequicklylost.B.Thewildpandapopulationjumpedto1,864in2014from1,596in2004.C.Still,otheranimalprotectionorganizationspraisedtherecoveryofthepandas.D.PandahaslongbeenasymbolofChinaandtheglobalconservationmovement.E.AndChinagraduallyexpandeditsprotectedforestareastocover1.4millionhectaresnow.F.SomepandashavebeensenttozoosaroundtheworldasagestureofChinesediplomaticgoodwill.G.Itsaysthataggressiveinvestmentdoespayoffwhenscience,politicalwillandengagementcometogether.四、选词填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）用方框中词或词组的适当形式完成下列句子，每个词或词组只能用一次（每组有一个多余的选项）。comfort;absorb;subject;trackdown;locate;resultin50.Chesscanbeanextremely____________game.51.Weknowthattasteinartisa（n）____________matter.52.Thecollegeis____________atthefootofthemountain.53.Whileexerciseisbeneficialforthehumanbody,toomuchmay____________injuries.54.Heisnotgoodatsocializing.He’smore____________withcomputersthanwithpeople.用方框中词或词组的适当形式完成下列句子，每个词或词组只能用一次(每组有一个多余的选项)。encourage;logic;stareat;qualify;register;keepupwith55.Janeiswell____________forthisteachingjob.56.Itisdifficult____________therapidpaceofchange.57.Computerprogrammingneedssomeonewitha(n)____________mind.58.Her____________andsupportstrengthenedourdeterminationtowin.59.Ifyouwanttotakeabookoutofthelibrary,youneedfirsttofillinandsubmita(n)____________formforalibrarycard.五、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。MynameisBarbaraandIworkatadepartmentstore.I____60____(work)thereforoneyearwhenanotherBarbarajoinedthestaff.ThenIchangedmynametagfrom“Barb”to“Barbie”.____61____mademefeelfunnywashowsmallkidstalkedaboutme.“IsshereallyBarbie?”theyasked.Ichangeditatmyotherjob,tooandbeganansweringthephone,“ThisisBarbie.HowcanIhelpyou?”Thecallershavegottenusedtothatovertime,ninetypercentof____62____nowrespondwithmyname:“Barbie,canyoutellme.”Pronouncingthatlong“e”soundforcesyourmouthintoasmile,butIhavefoundthesmileisusuallyreturnedvoluntarily.B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。It’ssaidthatfortheEnglishman,hishouseishiscastle.However,thisdoesnotmeanthathishouseisabeautifulpalacethatothers____63____(invite)tosee.FortheBritish,thehomeisaplacetoprotectoneselffromtheoutsideworld.It’saprivateplaceinwhichhegoestohideaway____64____thetroublesoflife.TotheAmerican,thehomeisanexpressionof____65____(he).Muchmoneyisoftenspentoneachandeveryroom____66____(create)theright“feel”accordingtotheperson’slifestyle.Therefore,heishappytoshowhishousetoothers.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Smokejumpersarefirefighters,trainedtofightfiresinplacesthatfireenginescan’treach.Theytravelinsmallplanesand,____67____(use)aparachute,jumpintoremotewildareastofightfires.Smokejumpershavetorespondquickly.Whileafireisstillsmall,thepilot____68____(drop)teammembersintotheareaasneeded.Theirfirstjobmaybetobuildafirelinetostopthefirefromspreading.Waterissentdowntothem.Smokejumpersmustbe____69____(high)trained,veryexperiencedandextremelyfit.Theirjobisverydangerous.六、阅读表达（共4小题；第70、71每题2分，第72题3分，第73题5分，满分12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Whatmakessomepeopleincapableofapologizingevenwhenthey’reclearlyinthewrong?Peoplewhocannotapologizeoftenhavedeepfeelingsoflowself-worth.Whentheirdelicateego(自我)cannotabsorbtheblowofadmittingtheywerewrong,theirdefensemechanismskickin—theymayplaceblameandevenargueaboutbasicfactstopreventthethreatofhavingtolowerthemselvesbyofferinganapology.Unfortunately,manyofusmistakenlyinterpretthesepeople’sdefensivenessasasignofpsychologicalstrength.That’sbecauseoutwardlytheyappeartobetoughindividualswhorefusetobackdown.Butthisdoesn’tshowthatthey’restrong—itshowsthatthey’reweak.Admittingthatwe’rewrongisemotionallyuncomfortableandpainfultooursenseofself.Inordertotakeresponsibilityandapologize,ourself-worthneedstobestrongenoughtoabsorbthatdiscomfort.Indeed,ifourself-worthishigherandmorestable,wecantoleratethetemporarydiscomfortthatsuchanadmissioninvolves—withoutthewallsaroundouregofallingdown.Butifourself-worthisseeminglyhighbutactuallybreakable,thatdiscomfortcangothroughourdefensivewallsandscoreadirecthittoourego.Indeed,themorefixedone’sdefensemechanismsare,themoredelicatetheegothey’reprotecting.Themistakeweoftenmakewhenfacedwithsomeonewho’shabituallyincapableofapologizingistobecomeangryandtrytowinourargumentwiththem.Butthesadrealityisthatwecanneverwin.Inthesesituations,thebestwecandoismakeourpointsascalmlyandasconvincinglyaswecanandthendisengagefromtheargumentwhenitbecomesunproductive—likewhentheydisagreewiththefacts,comeupwithsillyexcusesorturntomeanremarks.70.Whycan’tsomepeopleapologize?71.Whatdomanypeoplemistakenlythinkofanon-apologizer’sdefensiveness?72.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.►Whenyouaretryingtowinanargumentwithanon-apologizer,thebestwayistoexpressyourangerandmakeyourpointascalmlyandconvincinglyaspossible.73.Inadditiontowhatismentionedinthepassage,whatelsecanyoudoifyourfriendrefusestoapologizetoyou?(Inabout40words)七、书面表达（满分15分）74.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你班的交换生Jim对中华传统文化感兴趣，准备下学期选修一门相关课程，向你征询建议。请给Jim写一封邮件，内容包括：1.推荐一门选修课；2.说明推荐的理由；3.提出学习这门课程的建议。注意：1.词数不少于50；2.邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua

参考答案一、词汇（共20小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分）【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.C【1题详解】confine，

动词，意为“禁闭;限制”，与B项“禁闭”意思一致。故选B项。

【2题详解】

resist，

动词，意为“抵抗；反抗”，与A项“抵抗”意思一致。故选A项。【3题详解】

feature，动词，意为“担任主演；以……为特色”，与D项“担任主演”意思一致。故选D项。【4题详解】explore，动词，意为“探讨；探索”，与C项“探讨”意思一致。故选C项。【答案】5.C6.B7.D8.A【5题详解】nutritional，形容词，意为“营养的”，与C项“营养的”意思一致，故选C项。【6题详解】

identical，形容词，意为“完全相同的”，与B项“完全相同的”意思一致，故选B项。【7题详解】dramatic，形容词，意为“巨大的”，与D项“巨大的”意思一致，故选D项。【8题详解】vertical，形容词，意为“垂直的”，与A项“垂直的”意思一致，故选A项。【答案】9.D10.A11.B12.C【9题详解】

distant,

形容词,

意为“冷淡的”,

故选D项。

【10题详解】fatal,

形容词,

意为“致命的”,

故选A项。【11题详解】artificial,

形容词,

意为“人工的”，故选B项。【12题详解】exceptional,

形容词,

意为“杰出的”,故选C项。【答案】13.D14.C15.A16.B【13题详解】gravity,

名词,

汉语含义为“重力”,

D项“重力”与该词含义一致,

故选D项。【14题详解】edge,

名词,

汉语含义为“优势”,

C项“优势”与该词含义一致,

故选C项。

【15题详解】diploma,

名词,

汉语含义为“毕业证书”,

A项“毕业证书”与该词含义一致,

故选A项。【16题详解】interval,

名词,

汉语含义为“间隔”,

B项“间隔”与该词含义一致,

故选B项。【答案】17.B18.C19.D20.A【17题详解】form，

名词，

汉语含义为“格式”，与B项“格式”与该词含义一致，

故选B项。【18题详解】ground，

名词，

汉语含义为“理由”，与C项“理由”与该词含义一致，

故选C项。【19题详解】variation，名词，

汉语含义为“差异”，与D项“差异”与该词含义一致，故选D项。【20题详解】trial，名词，汉语含义为“试验”，与A项“试验”与该词含义一致，选A项。二、完型填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.D25.B26.D27.B28.D29.B30.C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。通过讲述一位尽职尽责的清洁员向作者道歉未能按时打扫房间，以及学生们对此事的积极反应，展现了人们对认真工作者的欣赏和尊重，强调了即使是青少年也能明辨是非，懂得感恩他人的付出，并呼吁人们珍视那些被视为理所当然的关怀和服务，比如一位优秀的清洁员。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个星期二的早上，我来到学校，看到我的桌子上有一张来自管理员的便条。A.paper论文；B.handbook手册；C.note纸条；D.letter信件。根据下文“thetypewrittennoteonmydesk”她给我留了一张纸条，故选C项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这花费的时间比她预期的要长。A.shorter更短的；B.longer更长的；C.more更多的；D.less较少的。根据下文“Shehadleftthetypewrittennoteonmydeskto____3____fornotbeingabletocleanmyroomasshewas____4____todo.”可知，她留下纸条道歉没能按时帮我清理教室，由此可推知清理浴室所需时间比她预期的更长，故选B项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把打字的便条留在了我的桌子上，为未能按计划打扫我的房间而道歉。A.apologize道歉；B.regret遗憾；C.appeal吸引；D.complain投诉。根据下文“ourcustodianhadapologizedtous”可知，她是留下纸条给我道歉的，故选A项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把打字的便条留在了我的桌子上，为未能按计划打扫我的房间而道歉。A.recommended推荐；B.believed相信；C.approved批准；D.scheduled预定。根据“fornotbeingabletocleanmyroomasshewas____4____todo.”可知，清洁工原本是安排好要清理教室的，bescheduledto为固定短语，意为“按计划”，故选D项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我提到我们的清洁员向我们道歉时，他们的第一反应是自愿寻找并殴打那些一年级学生，因为他们让我们的清洁员得不清理他们的烂摊子。A.answer回答；B.reaction反应；C.decision决定；D.behavior行为。根据“WhenImentionedthatourcustodianhadapologizedtous,theirfirst____5____wastovolunteertoseekoutandbeatupthosefirstyearstudents”可知，当我提到清洁员向我们道歉时，他们的遏第一反应是去找那些一年的学生，故选B项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，我几乎所有的学生都知道我们的清洁员的名字——他们都微笑着回应，并就她在走廊上向他们每个人打招呼的这一次或那一次谈了很长时间。A.visited拜访；B.called打电话；C.praised称赞；D.greeted打招呼。根据上文“Itturnedoutthatjustaboutallofmystudentsalsoknewourcustodianbyname—allofthemrespondedwithsmiles”可知，几乎所有学生知道清洁员的没可能工资，在走廊上遇到时会微笑回应并与清洁员打招呼，故选D项。【27题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：我的整个班级都消失了;他们每个人都立即消失在桌子下，捡起那些容易从笔记本上掉下来的烦人的小纸片。A.above在……上；B.under在……下；C.beyond超过；D.across穿过。根据下文“topickupthoseannoyingtinypiecesofpaper”可知，学生们是迅速钻到桌子底下捡垃圾，故选B项。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我相信，当别人真诚地照顾他们时，人们会感激它。A.freely自由地；B.gently清清地；C.hopefully希望；D.sincerely真诚地。根据“Ibelievethatpeopleappreciateitwhenothers____8____takecareofthem”可知，此处是指学生们会感激真诚照顾他们的人，故选D项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我相信，当人们，甚至是还不太成熟的青少年看到有人为自己的工作感到自豪时，他们会很感激。A.advantage优势；B.pride骄傲；C.action行动；D.chance机会。根据“AndIbelievethatpeople,evenadolescents’whoarenotquiteyetmature,appreciateitwhentheyseesomeonewhotakes____9____inherwork.”可知，人们会感激那些为自己的工作感到骄傲的人，takepridein为固定短语，表示“以……为傲”，故选B项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时我们需要一个提醒者来提醒我们这些我们认为理所当然的事情。A.keeper看守人；B.caretaker看门人；C.reminder提醒的人；D.observer观察者。根据下文“ofthethingswetakeforgranted…thingslikeagoodcustodiantotakecareofus.”可知，我们需要像哪位清洁员一样的提醒者，时时提醒我们不要把所有的事情都当成理所当然，故选C项。三、阅读理解（共两节；满分38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，满分28分）【答案】31.B32.C33.D【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在阿姆斯特丹进行自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作方式，价格等细节。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(刹车),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排挡),bikeswithchildseats,andchildren’sbikes.(我们提供种类繁多的最新自行车，包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车)”可推知，MacBike的优势是它提供许多类型的自行车。故选B。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.(旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。【答案】34.A35.C36.D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的父亲在一个即将下暴雨的夏日帮助一个陌生人的故事。【34题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Notwantingtointrudeonourhomeandfamily,heaskedmydadifhecouldsleepinourbasementforthenightforprotectionfromtherain.(他不想……我们的家和家人，他问我爸爸是否可以在我们的地下室睡一晚，以防下雨。)”可知，这个陌生人应该是不想打扰作者的家人，询问是否可