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世纪末世纪初的英国文学ThomasHardy
(1840-1928)JohnGalsworthy
(1867–1933)“TheForsyteSaga”“AModernedy”WinneroftheNobelPrizeinLiterature1932TheninenovelswhichmakeupTheForsyteChronicles-oneofthemostpopularandenduringworksof20thcenturyliterature-chronicletheebbingsocialpowerofthemercialupper-middleclassForsytefamilybetween1886and1920、Galsworthy'smasterlynarrativeexaminesnotonlytheirfortunesbutalsothewiderdevelopmentswithinsociety,particularlythechangingpositionofwomen、TheauthorhasdrawnafascinatingandaccuratelydetailedpictureoftheBritishpropertiedclassTheForsyteChroniclesOftenincorrectlycalledTheForsyteSaga-theninenovelsequenceproperlyknownasTheForstyeChroniclescontainsthreetrilogiesThefirsttrilogyisTheForsyteSaga(TheManofProperty-InChancery-ToLet)、
Thesecondtrilogy-AModernedy(TheWhiteMonkey-TheSilverSpoon-SwanSong)Thethirdandconcludingtrilogy-EndoftheChapter(MaidinWaiting-FloweringWilderness-One
MoreRiver)、Thethreetrilogies
JosephConrad
1857–1924Polish-bornBritishnovelistnotedasamasterofatmosphereandnarrativetechnique、HisworksincludeLordJim(1900),HeartofDarkness(1902)Nostromo(1904)、GeorgeBernardShaw:
(1856-1950)
“UnpleasantPlays”“PleasantPlays”followerofIbsenism,andfamousfor“ProblemPlays”“UnpleasantPlays”---“Widower’sHouses”(1893)---“Mrs、Warren’sProfession”(1898)“PleasantPlays”---“ArmsandtheMan”(1894)---“HeartbreakHouse”(1920)---“MajorBarbara”(1905)---“JohnBull’sOtherIsland”(1904)---“ManandSuperman”(1903)---“Pygmalion”(1913)---“BacktoMethuselah”(1921)---“St、Joan”(1929)---“TheAppleCart”(1929)AsaTermModernisminEnglishPoetry
T、S、Eliot
ModernisminEnglishFiction
1、HenryJames2、Conrad3、D、H、Lawrence4、JamesJoyce5、VirginiaWoolf
ModernismModernismThetermModernismusuallyreferstotheearlypartofthe20thcentury—sometimesbeginningwiththe1stWorldWarin1914,andcontinuingthroughthe1930sorso—perhapsuptothe2ndWorldWar、Modernismisdefinedbyitsrejectionoftheliteraryconventionsofthenineteenthcenturyandbyitsoppositiontoconventionalmorality,taste,traditions,andeconomicvalues、TheMostInfluentialModernistsSomeofthemostinfluentialmodernistwriterstriedsomeradicalexperimentswithform:PoetslikePoundandEliotworkinginfreeverseNovelistslikeJoyce,Woolf,experimentingwithstreamofconsciousnessandelaboratelanguagegames、
ThreePhilosophicalBackgroundsAsopposedtohistoriccauses:WWITheDepressionAmerica/EuropefeelinglostKarlMarx马克思SigmundFreud弗洛伊德FriedrichWilhelm
Nietzsche尼采KarlMarx-Economicdeterminism(经济决定论认为一切社会、政治、文化与智力活动均为社会经济组织得产物)-HumanbehaviorcontrolledbyforcesOUTSIDEself
-Classstruggle,workersuniteforutopianchangeSigmundFreud-Psychoanalysis
-Psychologicaldeterminism
-ManbehaviorfromforcesINSIDEtheself
-Interiorforces,man'staboosandrulesgovernselfandworld
-Self-analysisFriedrichWilhelmNietzsche-GodisDead
-Economicandpsychologicaldeterminism
-Nodivinepatterns,searchformeaning
-Tryingtoput"world"backintosomekindofform,structure
-Spiritualruinsafterthewar,whatisthemeaningoflifeSocialPictureofthePeriod-Riseofcities
-Dehumanization(非人性化),anonymity(匿名,不知姓名)ofpeople
-Classstructurechanging
-Advancingtechnology
-Politics:revolutions,wars-Physics:quantumphysics(量子物理学),Einstein,uncertaintyprinciple
-Religion:Godisdead,everythingismeaninglessCharacteristics1、Alienationfromsocietyandloneliness2、Procrastination(拖延,延宕)
/Aninabilitytoact3、Agonizedrecollectionofthepast-constantflashbacksintothepast
4、Fearofdeathandtheappearanceofdeath5、Inabilitytofeelorexpresslove6、Worldasawasteland:Poorenvironmentalportrayal7、MancreatinghisownmythswithinhismindtofallbackuponCharacteristicsImagisminPoetryImagismwasanAnglo-Americanpoeticmovementflouringinthe1910s、Theprinciplesare:
touselanguageofmonspeechtoemployalwaystheexactwordtocreatenewrhythmstopresentanimagetoproducepoetrythatishardandclear
Wordsorphrasesoranyexpressionsthatcreatepicturesinthereader’smindareimages、Imagescanappealtosenses:seeing,hearing,touch,taste,smellandmovement、Image(意象)W、B、Yeats1923NobelPrizewinningIrishdramatist,authorandpoet
T、S、Eliot“TheWasteLand”“TheFourQuarters”WhentheeveningisspreadoutagainsttheskyLikeapatientetherizeduponatable;IhavemeasuredoutmylifewithcoffeespoonsTospitoutallthebutt-endsofmydaysandways?Notes:1、Etherize:以醚麻醉2、butt-end:烟头StreetsthatfollowlikeatediousargumentOfinsidiousintentToleadyoutoanoverwhelmingquestion、Igrowold…Igrowold…IshallwearThebottomsofmytrousersrolled、Insidious:狡猾得,危险得Artforart’ssakeAsloganmeaningthatthebeautyofthefineartsisreasonenoughforpursuingthem—thatartdoesnothavetoservepurposestakenfrompolitics,religion,economics,andsoon、
SamuelTaylorColeridge,EdgarAllanPoe,andOscarWildearguedforthedoctrineofartforart'ssake、OscarWilde,anaesthete
(1854-1900)
IrishpoetanddramatistwhosereputationrestsonhisicmasterpiecesLadyWindermere'sFan(1892)andTheImportanceofBeingEarnest(1895)、AmongWilde'sotherbest-knownworksarehisonlynovelThePictureofDorianGray(1891)andhisfairytalesespecially"TheHappyPrince、"
ListofHisWorksFictionThePictureofDorianGray
PlaysAnIdealHusband
TheImportanceofBeingEarnest
ShortStoriesTheDevotedFriend
TheHappyPrince
TheNightingaleandtheRose
TheRemarkableRocket
TheSelfishGiantEssaysTheCriticAsArtist
DeProfundis
TheDecayOfLying:AnObservation
Pen,Pencil,AndPoison-AStudyInGreen
TheSoulOfManUnderSocialism
TheTruthOfMasks-aNoteOnIllusion
PoetryApologia
MadonnaMia
OnTheMassacreOfTheChristiansInBulgaria
TheGraveOfShelleyQuotationsAlittlesincerityisadangerousthing,andagreatdealofitisabsolutelyfatal、Amancanbehappywithanywomanaslongashedoesnotloveher、Illusionisthefirstofallpleasures、Morality,likeart,meansdrawingalinesomeplace、Manisleasthimselfwhenhetalksinhisownperson、Givehimamask,andhewilltellyouthetruth、Theaimoflifeisself-development、Torealizeone'snatureperfectly-thatiswhateachofusisherefor、ThePsychologicalNovelWhilemodernistpoetryaroseasabreakwith19th–centuryRomanticism,modernistfictionrepresentedatrenddriftingawayfromthetraditionof19th-centuryrealism、Modernistfictionputemphasisonthedescriptionofthecharacters’psychologicalactivities,andsohassometimesbeencalledmodernpsychologicalfiction、HenryJames
(1843-1916)
American-bornwriter,giftedwithtalentsinliterature,psychology,andphilosophy、Jameswrote20novels,112stories,12playsandanumberofliterarycriticism、
Fiction
ThePortraitofaLady
ShortStoriesDaisyMiller
D、H、Lawrence
(1885-1930)TheWhitePeacock(1911)SonsandLovers(1913)TheRainbow(1915)WomeninLove(1921)ThePlumedSerpent(1926)LadyChatterley’sLover(1928)The“StreamofConsciousness”SchoolofNovelThe“StreamofConsciousness”isapsychologicaltermindicating“theflux(aflow;continuou
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