Units 4-5 Discovering Useful Structures 人教版必修第二册

bGrammarUnit+4-5+单元语法+非谓语动词动词谓语动词非谓语动词系动词amisarewaswerelooksoundseemgetturn实意动词/行为动词(vt./vi)runsinglearnsaywrite助动词dodoesdidhavehashad情态动词canmaymustneeddare...tododoingdone非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,but

leftherhandbagonherseat.过去分词定语宾语补足语表语状语过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式。兼有动词、形容词或副词的特性，可在句中充当定语、宾语补足语、表语或者状语。过去分词通常于逻辑主语之间存在被动关系或表完成。非谓语在句中作_____、_____________。定语宾语补足语①单个的非谓语作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面；②非谓语短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。非谓语作宾语补足语通常用于：①表示感官、感觉和发觉的动词。②表示“致使、意愿、命令或者希望”意义的动词。③with的复合结构。④ask/tell/want/encourage...sb.

todosth./callsb.sth.等作定语作宾补修饰名词固定用法固定用法:___+宾语+宾补注意过去分词（done)做定语的位置acloseddoorabrokenwindow1.单个的过去分词(done)作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词_____apollutedriver前面1)Thisisthepicture___________was)__paintedbyLeonardodaVinci.

Thisisthepicture

paintedbyLeonardodaVinci2.过去分词短语作定语：通常_____，其作用相当于定语从句。(that/which后置带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：+直接宾语（名词或代词）+宾语补足语Youmakeme

happy.(宾语)(宾补)(主语)(谓语)

宾语补足语一般放在宾语_________,对宾语___________的作用。之后补充说明某些及物动词（如make等）直接宾语（名词或代词）宾语补足语(objectcomplement)Isawhim_______byadog.(bite)bittenTranslation1._____________(开水)2.________________(一个破碎的茶杯)3.three____________________(受伤的士兵)4.Welivedinthehouse_________________(我舅舅们修建的).▶5.I’llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.boiledwater

abrokecup

injuredsoldiersbuiltbymyunclesPartOne

PastParticipleasthePredicative(非谓语用作表语)过去分词作表语什么叫表语？表语又叫主语补足语，说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态。可放在系动词be,get,become,feel,remain,seem,look等之后。可做表语的词：名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词Theappleisred.PastParticipleasthePredicative：

1.ZhangHao’sfatherisanengineer.2.LiBoyi’ssisiteristwelve.3.Thisbagismine.4.Thesunisup.5.LinChenfeelbettertoday.6.Thepatientisoutofdanger.7.ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.8.Seeingisbelieving.

9.Toseeistobelieve.

10.ZhuJiahaoisinterestedinEnglish.表语：由“

、

”等充当；意义：表示主语的

，常位于系动词后名词n代词pron介词prep形容词adj从句clause介词短语prep-pharse数词num.动名词V-ing不定式V-todo过去分词P·P

名词、数词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、从句动名词、不定式或过去分词

身份、性质、品性、特征和状态1.Everyonepresentisveryinspiredathisspeech．2.Sheseems

surprisedatthenews.3.Thedooris

closed.非谓语可置于

后作

语，用来表示主语的性质、特征或

。观察下列句子所作成分并总结规律系动词表状态系动词包括:be动词/seem,appear/stay,keep,remain/become,get,grow,turn/感官动词（5起来）注意1：非谓语放在系动词之后作表语,表示主语所处的状态,相当于一个形容词。

注意2：感觉类现在分词VS过去分词做表语的区别1.Hiswordsweredisappointing.2.Iwasdisappointedathiswords.

.3.Shewasshocked

atthenews.4.Thenewswasshocking.归纳：V-ing

形式表示“令人……的”，修饰物

V-ed形式表示“某人感到……的”，修饰人PastParticipleasthePredicative：

Thequestionisrather__________(puzzle).puzzlingThestudentisquite___________(puzzle).puzzled①Thecupisbroken.杯子破了。②Thecupwasbroken

byTom.杯子是汤姆打破的。注意3：非谓语作表语时与谓语动词的区别非谓语作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而谓语动词表示主语是动作的实施/承受者，强调动作。PartTwo

PastParticipleastheAdverbial(非谓语作状语)过去分词作状语什么叫状语？状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、条件、时间、地点、让步、程度、目的、伴随等Iplaysoccerverywell.

Intheclassroom,theboyneedsapen.Toseethebeautyofthecity,Igotothetopofthemountain.Becausehewastired,hefellasleepatonce.=tired,hefellasleepatonce.(Because)过去分词作原因状语PastParticipleastheAdverbial：

IfIamgivenatimemachine,Iwillpayavisittothefuture.=givenatimemachine,Iwillpayavisittothefuture.(If)过去分词作条件状语Whenwaterisheated,waterturnsintosteam.=heated,waterturnsintosteam.

(When)过去分词作时间状语Althoughhewaslaughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.=laughedatbymanypeople,shecontinuedherstudy.Although过去分词作让步状语Thegirlleft,andshewasfollowedbyalittledog.=Thegirlleft,followedbyalittledog.过去分词作伴随状语分词作状语记忆口诀分词作状语，主语是问题。前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用-ing，被动用-ed。

过去分词(短语)与主句的主语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系；现在分词(短语)与主句的主语之间存在逻辑上的主动关系。_______(see)fromthehill,the

city

lookslike

a

big

garden._______(see)fromthehill,youwillfindthe

city

looks

like

a

big

garden.

SeenSeeing

跟着那个老人,

我们上去了Followingtheoldman,wewentupstairs.(wefollowedtheman)

2.被那个老人跟着,

我们上去了Followedbytheoldman,wewentupstairs.(wewerefollowed)用过去分词作状语来改写句子。1.AsIwasworriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.→_______________________,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.Worriedaboutthejourney2.Ifheisgiventime,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.→_________,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.3)AsIwasconfusedbythenewsurroundings,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.→______________________________,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.GiventimeConfusedbythenewsurroundings4)Whenhewasquestionedbythepoliceaboutthefire,hebecametense.

→________________________________,hebecametense.QuestionedbythepoliceaboutthefirePractice：

Whatarethefunctionsofthesepastparticiples?1.BornintheUSAon2January1970,WhitacrebeganstudyingmusicattheUniversityofNevadain1988.2.Theaudiencewereamazedbythebeautifulmusicthesix-year-oldpianistplayed.3.Mycousinisveryinterestedinmusic.4.Movedbythismusic,hesaid,"Itwaslikeseeingcolorforthefirsttime.5.Wellknownasasuccessfulband,theImpactmembersshowquiteafewstrikingabilities.(Predicative)(Adverbial)(Predicative)(Adverbial)(Adverbial)课堂小结非谓语谓语过去分词done动词现在分词doing不定式todo被动动作已完成主动动作正在进行动作未完成表目的特殊名词作定语作宾补作状语作表语Homework：

1.Theboycamein,________(follow)byhisfather.2.Theboycamein,________(follow)hisfather.3._______(see)fromthehill,youwillfindourschoollooksmorebeautiful.

4.____(see)fromthehill,ourschoollooksmorebeautiful.5.Nervously_________(face)challenges,IbelieveIcanmakeit.6.________(face)withthesituation,Arnoldaskedhisbossforadvice.7._________(devote)toscie