项目三识读与绘制道路工程图ProjectReadinga

项目三：识读与绘制道路工程图路桥22-3/4工程制图与识图0006任务31：识读公路路线平面图Project3：ReadingandDrawingRoadEngineeringFigureTask31：Readingroadplanefigure项目三：识读与绘制道路工程图Task31：Readingroadplanefigure任务31识读公路路线平面图Task32：Readingroadprofilediagram任务32识读公路路线纵断面图Task33：Readingcrosssectionfigureofroadbed任务33识读、绘制公路路基横断面图Project3：ReadingandDrawingRoadEngineeringFigureTask31：Readingroadplanefigure

Roadline:thecenterlineoftheroadalongthelength,isaspatialcurve,includingplanebendingandverticalheightvariation.

道路路线：指道路沿长度方向的中心线,是一条空间曲线。（由平面弯曲与竖向高度变化组成）Todeterminethespecificpositionofspaceline,thesurveyanddesignworkarecarriedout.Lineselectionandalignmentmeanselectingthelineshapeoftheroadcenterlineplaneandlongitudinalplane.Inordertofacilitatetheanalysisanddesign,thehighwayisusuallydividedintothreeprojectorstostudy.

为了确定这条空间线的具体位置，要进行勘测设计工作，选线、定线就是选定道路中线平面及纵面的线形。为了便于具体分析和进行设计，通常将公路分成三个投影面来研究。

Theprojectionontheplaneiscalledtheplanefigure(planeprojection);Theelevationprojectionoftheroadmiddlelineiscalledtheprofilediagram(verticalprojection);Theprojectionontheelevationperpendiculartothecenterlineiscalledcrosssectionfigure(lateralprojection).

在平面上投影称为公路平面图（平面投影）；在平行路中线的立面上的投影称为公路纵断面图（立面投影）；在垂直于路中线的立面上的投影称为公路横断面图（侧面投影）。Theroadengineeringfigureincludesroadplanefigure,profilediagramandcrosssectionfigure.公路路线工程图包括路线平面图、路线纵断面和路线横断面图。

Task31：Readingroadplanefigure

Roadplanefigureisthetopographicmapwiththeroadmiddleline,whichreflecttheorientation,thelinetype(straightline,leftandrightcurve),theterrainonbothsidesoftheroadwithinacertainrange,themutualrelationshipbetweengroundobjectsandtheroute,andtheplanepositionofthestructure.

路线平面图是绘有公路中线的地形图，通过它可以反映出路线的方位、平面线型（直线和左右弯道)、沿线两侧一定范围内的地形、地物与路线的相互关系以及结构物的平面位置。Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureEffects作用:Presentingthe

roadorientationandlinetype;表示路线的方向、平面线型；Presentingthe

theterrainonbothsidesoftheroadwithinacertainrange.沿线两侧一定范围内的地形、地物。

Characteristics图示特点:Presentingthe

horizontalprojectionoftherouteandsurroundingarea;表达路线及周围一定区域内的水平投影图;Thecenterlineoftherouteisindicatedbyathicksolidline.用粗实线表示路线中心线。Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureContentsofroadplanefigure路线平面图的内容

Topographicpart:Thetopographicpartoftheroadplanefigureistheoriginaltopographicmap.

地形部分:路线平面图中的地形部分也就是原始的地形图。

Readingtopographicmapsismainlylearnthefollowinginformation:阅读地形图主要用于了解以下信息：Direction:Inordertoindicatethedirectionoftheareaandtheroute,anetworkofcoordinatesoranorthpointisdrawnonthetopographicmap.方位：为了表示地区的方位和路线的走向，地形图上需要画坐标网或指北针。Proportion:Inordertoclearlyrepresentthepattern,differentproportionsareoftenusedtodrawtopographicmapsaccordingtothedifferentterrainconditions.Ingeneral,1:2000isusedinmountainheavymoundsarea,and1:5000isusedinmicromoundsandplainareas.比例：为了清晰地表示图样，根据地形起伏情况的不同，往往采用不同的比例来绘制地形图。一般在山岭重丘地区采用1:2000，微丘和平原地区采用1:5000。Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureTerrain:Thereliefoftheroutelocatedzoneisrepresentedbycontourlines.地形:路线所在地带的地势起伏情况是用等高线来表示。Surfacefeatures：Suchasrivers,farmland,houses,Bridges,railwaysandsoonarerepresentedbylegends.地物:如河流、农田、房屋、桥梁、铁路等是用图例来表示的。Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureThisfigureexpressesthedirectionthroughthecoordinatenetworkandthenorthfinger.Thepointis5365.36metersnorthoftheoriginofthecoordinatesand4637.28meterseastofit.Thedirectionisnorthwest-southeast.Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureReadingtopographicpartofroadplanefigure本图通过坐标网和指北针表达方位，该点距坐标原点北5365.36米,东4637.28米。本图路线走向为西北-东南走向。Task31：Readingroadplanefigure阅读路线平面图中地形部分分析路线周围地形AnalyzingtheterrainaroundtheroadTask31：ReadingroadplanefigureFindingthefollowingfeatures:rivers,houses,paddyfields,dryland找到以下地物：河流、民房、稻田、旱地Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureFindingthefollowingstructures:bridge,culvert,benchmark找到以下结构物：桥梁、涵洞、水准点Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureTask31：ReadingroadplanefigureExercise:Contentsofroadplanefigure路线平面图的内容

Routepart:Theroutepartonlydrawsthecenterlineoftheroad,alsoknownasthecenterline,whichisgenerallyrepresentedbyaboldsolidlineinthefigure.Inordertobetterindicatethetechnicalindicatorsoftheroute,theyareoftenexpressedinthecorrespondingchart,whichtogetherconstitutetheroutepart.路线部分:路线平面图中的路线部分只绘出道路中心线又称中线，一般在图中用加粗的粗实线表示。为了更好的表明路线的技术指标，往往会在途中用相应的图表表达，他们共同构成了路线平面图的路线部分。Readingtopographicmapsismainlylearnthefollowinginformation:阅读路线图主要用于了解以下信息：Direction:Connectionstoterrain,rivers,villages,theconditionofBridgesandculvertsalongtheway,variationsinthecurveoftheline.路线的走向：与地形、河流、村庄的联系，路经的桥梁、涵洞的情况，线路的曲直变化。Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureRoadmileageandkilometerspile公路的里程及公里桩Controlelevationpoint:thedistanceofpointfromthegeoid.控制标高水准点：该点距离大地水准面的距离。Parametersofthecurveline曲线段的参数Thelocationofstructuressuchasbridges,tunnelsandculverts.桥梁隧道涵洞等构造物的位置。Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureTask31：ReadingroadplanefigureReadinglinepartofroadplanefigureThestartingpilenumberisK1+400,andtheendingpilenumberisK2+100.Thelengthoftherouteonthispageis700meters.Combinedwiththedirectionofthenorthfinger,itcanbejudgedthatthedirectionoftherouteisnorthwesttosoutheast.本页路线图起始桩号K1+400，终止桩号K2+100，长度为700米，结合指北针方向可判断本页路线走向为西北往东南方向。Task31：Readingroadplanefigure阅读公路路线图路线部分Kilometerstakesareusuallymarkedontheleftsideoftheroute,andkilometernotesarewrittenabovethesymbol,suchas"K2"for2kmfromthestartingpoint.The100-meterpileisgenerallymarkedontherightsideoftheforwarddirectionoftheroute.Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureReadinglinepartofroadplanefigureThepositionofthepileisindicatedbyathinshortlineperpendiculartotheroute,andthenumberofmetersisindicatedbyanArabicnumeralheadingtowardtheforwarddirection.Thenoteiswrittenattheendoftheshortline.Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureReadinglinepartofroadplanefigure公里桩一般标注注在路线前进方向的左侧，公里数注写在符号的上方，如“K2”表示离起点2公里。百米桩一般标注在路线前进方向的右侧，用垂直于路线的细短线表示桩位，用字头朝向前进方向的阿拉伯数字表示百米数,注写在短线的端部。Task31：Readingroadplanefigure阅读公路路线图路线部分Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureReadinglinepartofroadplanefigureItcanbeseenfromthedrawingthatthereisapointabout20metersbehindtherightofQZ(curvecenter)pointofthisroadsection.ThenumberisBM3,andtheelevationofthispointis381.975m.通过读图可以知道，在本段路线QZ（曲中）点右后方20米左右设置有一个公路水准点，编号为BM3，该点高程为381.975m。Task31：Readingroadplanefigure阅读公路路线图路线部分Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureReadinglinepartofroadplanefigureItcanbeknownfromreadingthemapthatthereisamiddlebridge(K1+536meters,4span13metersofprefabricatedreinforcedconcretehollowplatebridge)and5culvertsonthispage.通过读图可以知道，本页路线上设有中桥1座(K1+536米处，4跨13米装配式钢筋砼空心板桥)，涵洞5道。Task31：Readingroadplanefigure阅读公路路线图路线部分Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureReadinglinepartofroadplanefigure通过读表可以知道，本段路线长度700米，设有一个交点JD3，方向为左转，αz=73°46’03”，圆曲线半径R150m，设有缓和曲线ls1=50m。Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureReadinglinepartofroadplanefigureItcanbeseenfromthetablethatthelengthofthisrouteis700meters,thereisanintersectionJD3,thedirectionisleft,αz=73°46'03",theradiusofthecirclecurveisR150m,andtherelaxationcurvels1=50m.Task31：ReadingroadplanefigureExercise:Conclusion小结Thepurposeofreadingtheroadplaneistoletthetechniciansandsurveyorsaccuratelyunderstandtheterrainaroundtheroute,theconditionofthegroundobjects,aswellasthespecificpositionsofthecornerpointsandtraversepoints.Thedatalistedinthetableisalsofortheconvenienceoftheconstructionpersonnel