2024年专升本英语真题成考

专升本英語真題(成考)(總分：150.00，做題時间：90分钟)一、第Ⅰ卷Ⅰ.Phonetics(總題数：5，分数：5.00)

A.penalty

√

B.moment

C.quarrel

D.absent解析：

A.sympathy

B.material

C.courage

√

D.analysis解析：

A.starvation

B.suggestion

√

C.satisfaction

D.situation解析：

A.donkey

B.turkey

C.money

D.obey

√解析：

A.revise

B.consist

√

C.advertise

D.visit解析：二、Ⅱ.VocabularyandStructure(總題数：15，分数：15.00)6.JonathanandJoeleftthehousetogofor______aftersupper.

（分数：1.00）

A.walk

B.thewalk

C.walks

D.awalk

√解析：[解析]考察固定搭配。句意：晚饭後，乔纳森和乔离開了房子去散步。goforawalk是固定使用方法，意為“出去走走，去散步”，与takeawalk同义。7.Hepointedatthenewcarandasked,"______isit?Haveyoueverseenitbefore?"

（分数：1.00）

A.Why

B.Where

C.Who

D.Whose

√解析：[解析]考察疑問詞的使用方法。句意：他指著那辆新轿車問道：“那辆車是谁的?你此前見過吗?”疑問代詞whose用来問询物品的所有者，意為“谁的(東西)”。why，為何；where哪裏；who谁。8.Myfatherasked______tohelpwithhiswork.

（分数：1.00）

A.IandTom

B.Tomandme

√

C.meandTom

D.TomandI解析：[解析]考察人称次序。句意：我的父亲叫我和汤姆幫他干活。單数人称并列時，次序為“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”；复数人称并列時，次序為“第一人称，第二人称，第三人称”。此处為單数人称并列作宾語，故选Tomandme。9.Nowadayslittleknowledge______tobeadangerousthing.

（分数：1.00）

A.seem

B.seemed

C.doesseem

√

D.doseem解析：[解析]考察主谓一致。句意：如今，知识匮乏似乎确实是一件危险的事。由句首的nowadays可以判断，该句的時态為一般目前時，故排除B项。littleknowledge表达的与否认意义，是不可数名詞，故谓語動詞要用單数，故排除A项和D项。does在這裏是助動詞，表达强调。10.Iftheirmarketingteamsucceeds,they______theirprofitsby20percent.

（分数：1.00）

A.willincrease

√

B.wouldbeincreasing

C.willhaveincreased

D.wouldhavebeenincreasing解析：[解析]考察if引导的条件状語從句。句意：假如他們的营销团体获得成功，那么他們的利润将增長20%。if引导的条件状語從句可以分為两类：真实条件句和虚拟条件句。當假设状况发生的也許性很大時，就是真实条件句；當假设不大也許实現時，就是虚拟条件句。根据句意，本句所表述的是客观状况，所认為真实条件句。從句中使用的時态為一般目前時，故主句应使用未来時，故选A。11.You"dbettertakethesedocumentswithyou______youneedthemforthemeeting.

（分数：1.00）

A.unless

B.incase

√

C.until

D.sothat解析：[解析]考察连詞詞义辨析。句意：你最佳带上這些文献，以防會议中你會用到。incase可引导目的状語從句，意為“以防，以备”，sothat也可引导目的状語從句，意為“以便，為了”，因此incase符合題意。unless除非；until直到。12.Ihaven"tbeentoapopfestivalbeforeandMikehasn"t______.

（分数：1.00）

A.too

B.aswell

C.neither

D.either

√解析：[解析]考察副詞詞义辨析。句意：我此前没有去過流行音乐节，迈克也没有去過。too和also表达“也”時用于肯定句和疑問句；neither用作副詞時意為“两者都不”，放在句首，表达前面否认的内容也合用于另一种人或物，句子须采用部分倒装；either作副詞時也可表达“也”，用于否认句，一般位于句末。13.______isknowntotheworld,MarkTwainwasagreatAmericanwriter.

（分数：1.00）

A.As

√

B.Once

C.That

D.It解析：[解析]考察定語從句。句意：众所周知，馬克·吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。as在该句中引导非限定性定語從句，在從句中作主語。14.Johncomplainedtothebooksellerthattherewereseveralpages______inthedictionary.

（分数：1.00）

A.lacking

B.losing

C.missing

√

D.dropping解析：[解析]考察形容詞詞义辨析。句意：约翰向書店老板投诉，說字典中缺乏了好几页。missing意為“缺失的”，符合題意。lacking缺乏的；losing失败的；dropping掉落的。15.Notuntilthegamehadbegun______atthesportsground.

（分数：1.00）

A.shouldhehavearrived

B.wouldhehavearrived

C.didhearrive

√

D.hadhearrived解析：[解析]考察notuntil引导的時间状語從句。句意：直到比赛開始他才抵达运動場。notuntil引导時间状語從句時主句要部分倒装。從句中的時态為過去完毕時，故主句中的時态应為一般過去時，故选C。16.Moviegoersknowthatmanyspecialeffectsarecreatedbycomputers.______theyoftendon"tknowisthatthesescenesstillrequirealotofwork.

（分数：1.00）

A.That

B.Whom

C.What

√

D.How解析：[解析]考察主語從句引导詞。句意：常看電影的人懂得許多特效都是通過電脑制作出来的。但他們往往不懂得的是制作這些場景還需要投入大量的工作。分析句子构造可知，空格所在從句在整個句子中充當主語，從句中缺乏宾語，且宾語指的是事而非人，故选C。17.Thepresidentistogiveaformal______attheopeningceremony.

（分数：1.00）

A.speech

√

B.debate

C.discussion

D.argument解析：[解析]考察名詞詞义辨析。句意：總统将在開幕式上做正式发言。giveaspeech為固定搭配，意為“刊登发言，做演讲”。debate辩论，争论；discussion讨论；argument论點，争论。18.WhenIamconfrontedwithsuchquestions,mymindgoes______,andIcanhardlyremembermyowndateofbirth.

（分数：1.00）

A.faint

B.blank

√

C.dark

D.blind解析：[解析]考察形容詞詞义辨析。句意：當我碰到這些問題時，我頭脑一片空白，我甚至记不起自已的生曰。one"smindgoesblank是固定体現，意為“頭脑一片空白”。faint模糊的；dark黑暗的；blind盲目的。19.Iftheyarewillingtolendusthemoneyweneed,allourproblemswillbe______.

（分数：1.00）

A.solved

√

B.caused

C.covered

D.met解析：[解析]考察動詞詞义辨析。句意：假如他們乐意借給我們那笔我們需要的钱的话，我們的一切問題都将迎刃而解。solveproblems為固定体現，意為“处理問題”。caused引起；covered覆盖；met碰到。20.Thisarticle______moreattentiontotheproblemofculturalconflicts.

（分数：1.00）

A.caresfor

B.allowsfor

C.appliesfor

D.callsfor

√解析：[解析]考察動詞短語辨析。句意：這篇文章呼吁人們多关注文化冲突的問題。callsfor意為“呼吁，倡导”，符合題意。caresfor关怀，照顾；allowsfor考虑到；appliesfor申請，祈求。三、Ⅲ.Cloze(總題数：1，分数：30.00)Whatenablessomepeopletogetbigcreativebreakthroughswhileothersonlygetsmallandnon-creativebreakdowns,blamingthemselvesandsociety?Aresomepeople"gifted"?Arethereotherfactors1work—factorsthatwehavemorecontroloverthanwethink?

Whilenobodycandenythe2thatsomepeopleseemtobeblessedwithparticularcreativity,researchshowsthatanyonecan3theirchancesofcomingupwithnewandoriginalideas4theywouldonlyengagethemselvesmoreintheprocessof5.It"stheoldThomasEdisonthingabout"discovery699percentperspiration(汗水)and1percentinspiration."7,thestudiesprovethis:greatcreativebreakthroughsusuallyhappenonly8intenseperiodsofstruggle.Itissustainedefforttowardsaspecificgoal9eventuallypreparesforgreatcreativeinsights.

Thiskindofsustainedeffortdoesnotalways10immediateresults,afactthatnotonlyseparatestheinnovators(革新者)fromnon-innovators,but11leadssomepeopletoconcludethatitisjustnot12forthem."MaybeIshouldhavegonetomedicalschoollikemymotherwanted,"theywonderwhenthebreakthroughis13tobefound.Alas,oneforgetsduringtheirinevitableencounters14self-doubt,thatthebigsurpriseisnever15.Indeed,itcanhappenatanytimeandplace.（分数：30.00）

A.to

B.in

C.at

√

D.by解析：[解析]固定搭配題。此处表达“与否尚有其他原因在起作用”，atwork意為“(原因)在起作用”，符合題意。

A.issue

B.problem

C.reason

D.fact

√解析：[解析]詞义辨析題。空格後that引导的同位語從句意為“某些人似乎被赋予了特殊的发明力”，這是一种客观事实，fact意為“事实”，符合題意。issue发行，议題；problem問題；reason原因。

A.miss

B.reduce

C.increase

√

D.lose解析：[解析]詞义辨析題。由前一句中的转折连詞while可知，该句与上句应是转折关系，上句說“虽然某些人似乎被赋予了特殊的发明力”，因此此处应表达“不過研究表明任何人都能增長他們想出新點子的机會”，increase意為“增長”，符合題意。miss錯過；reduce減少；lose失去。

A.because

B.if

√

C.while

D.whether解析：[解析]理解推断題。前文說“研究表明任何人都能增長他們想出新點子的机會”，此处应指增長這种机會应具有的条件，故应选择if，引导条件状語從句。

A.creation

√

B.practice

C.production

D.achievement解析：[解析]詞义辨析題。此处表达增長想出新點子的机會的条件，因此“假如在发明的過程中全身心投入，不停尝试的话”，就會增長想出新點子的机會。creation意為“发明”，符合題意。practice实践；production生产；achievement成就。

A.being

√

B.be

C.was

D.were解析：[解析]語法构造題。此处意為“探索就是99%的汗水加1%的灵感”。引号中的内容位于介詞about之後，故本空应填be動詞的非谓語形式，故选A。

A.Soonerorlater

B.Somedayorother

C.Everynowandthen

D.Timeandagain

√解析：[解析]理解推断題。根据空格後的greatcreativebreakthroughs、intenseperiodsofstruggle可知，此处表达的观點与前文一致，即研究一次又一次证明发明力离不開艰苦奋斗。timeandagain意為“一再，再三”，符合題意。soonerorlater迟早；somedayorother總有一天；everynowandthen不時地，常常。

A.beyond

B.after

√

C.above

D.through解析：[解析]理解推断題。此处表达“伟大的发明性突破往往在長期的艰苦奋斗後才會出現”，故选B。

A.that

√

B.who

C.what

D.as解析：[解析]語法构造題。本句是一种强调句，意為“正是朝一种特定目的坚持不懈的努力為伟大的创新洞察力奠定了基础”。强调句的常用构造為“Itis(was)+被强调部分(主語、宾語或状語)+who/that...”，此处强调的是sustainedefforttowardsaspecificgoal，故应填that。

A.create

B.produce

√

C.inspire

D.encourage解析：[解析]詞义辨析題。此处意為“這种坚持不懈的努力不一定總是立即有成效”，produce意為“产生”，符合題意。create发明；inspire鼓舞；encourage鼓励。

A.too

B.once

C.again

D.also

√解析：[解析]固定搭配題。

notonly...butalso...為固定使用方法，意為“不仅……并且……”。

A.good

B.difficult

C.possible

√

D.stupid解析：[解析]詞义辨析題。前文說“這种坚持不懈的努力不一定總是立即有成效”，因此這一事实會导致有人认為他們是不也許获得发明性突破的。possible意為“也許的”，符合題意。good好的；difficult困难的；stupid愚蠢的。

A.anywhere

B.everywhere

C.somewhere

D.nowhere

√解析：[解析]詞义辨析題。此处表达“當没有发現任何突破時，他們會感到怀疑”。nowhere意為“任何地方都没有”，符合題意。anywhere任何地方；everywhere到处；somewhere在某处。

A.against

B.across

C.with

√

D.into解析：[解析]固定搭配題。此处表达“与自我怀疑的不可防止的邂逅”，encounterwith表达“遭遇，碰到”，符合題意。

A.faraway

√

B.usedup

C.clearedoff

D.nearby解析：[解析]詞义辨析題。此处表达“巨大的惊喜一定在不遠处，它也許在任何時候、任何地點发生”。faraway意為“遥遠的”，符合題意。usedup用完，耗尽；clearedoff挣脱，清除；nearby在……附近。四、Ⅳ.ReadingComprehension(總題数：0，分数：0.00)五、PassageOne(總題数：1，分数：12.00)Debateisavaluablewaytopractisecommunicating.Itcanalsobringlong-lastingrewards,especiallyforpeopleworkingwithWesternbusinesses.Themainactivityofdebateispresentingone"sopinionandsupportingitwithevidence,suchasstatisticsorfacts.Itisawayofpersuasivecommunication.

CharlesLebeauhelpedcreatethe"DiscoverDebate"method.HesaysdebateisimportanttounderstandinghowpeoplecommunicateinWesternbusiness.Successfuldebaterslearnhowtogivetheiropinion,reasonsandsupport."Whatwearetryingtodoistodevelopakindofthinkingorapproachtodiscussionandhowtointeract(交流)withsomeoneelse"sopinion,ratherthanbrushtheiropinionaside."

Debateskillsarealsoimportantinsellingaproduct,hesays.Inthatsituation,thejudgesarethecustomers."SoonMonday,forexample,onecompanymaycomeinandpresenttheircasetothecustomerandthey"llmakeasstrongacaseastheycan.OnTuesday,thenextday,anothercompanywillcomeinandpresenttheircasetothecustomer.Usuallythepartythatcanpresentthestrongestcasewins."

Debatealsostrengthenscriticalthinking.Inotherwords,ithelpsstudentslearntoaskquestionsandtrytounderstandsomeone"sreasonsandevidence.

Mr.Lebeaupointsoutthatsuccessfuldebaterslearntolistencarefullytowhatotherpeoplearesaying.Then,theylookfortheweakpointsinsomeoneelse"sopinionorargument.Hesaysdebateteachesasystematicwayofquestioning.

Successfuldebatersalsolearntothinkfromsomeoneelse"spointofview.Mr.Lebeausaysdebatecanhelpbroadenthemind."There"sanexpressioninEnglish:don"tcriticizeanotherpersonbeforeyouhavewalkedintheirshoes.Ithinkthewonderfulthingaboutdebateis,itputsusinanotherperson"sshoes."（分数：12.00）(1).AccordingtoParagraph1,whatisthepurposeofdebate?（分数：3.00）

A.Tobringlong-lastingmaterialrewards.

B.Topresentevidencesuchasstatisticsandfacts.

C.Torespondtoquestionsinasystematicway.

D.Topersuadepeopletoacceptyouropinions.

√解析：[解析]推理判断題。由第一段最终一句“Itisawayofpersuasivecommunication.”可知，辨论是一种說服性的沟通方式，因此辩论的目的是為了說服他人接受自已的观點，故选D。(2).Whyisdebateimportant?（分数：3.00）

A.Ithelpspeopleunderstandothersbetter.

B.Itallowspeopletopresenttheiropinions.

C.Itdevelopsone"sthinkingandcommunicativecompetence.

√

D.Itgivesonetheopportunitytobrushothers"opinionaside.解析：[解析]推理判断題。由第二段最终一句可知，CharlesLebeau等人发明“DiscoverDebate”method的用意是開发一种思维方式或与他人交流的措施，因此，辩论之因此重要是由于它可以提高一种人的思维能力和交流能力，故选C。(3).Whatdoestheunderlinedword"case"inParagraph3referto?（分数：3.00）

A.Container.

√

B.Evidence.

C.Problem.

D.Product.解析：[解析]詞义理解題。第三段第一句指出“辩论對于销售产品来說也拾分重要”，因此接下来举的例子应与推销产品有关，由此可推测，case一詞指的是某种详细产品，即“箱子”，故选A。(4).Whatcandebatersbenefitfrom"walkinginanotherperson"sshoes"?（分数：3.00）

A.Becomingmorebroad-minded.

√

B.Developingcriticalthinking.

C.Findingothers"weakpoints.

D.Tryingoutothers"methods.解析：[解析]推理判断題。根据文章最终一段的内容可知，

“walkinginanotherperson"sshoes”指站在他人的角度思索問題，而Lebeau认為辩论有助于拓宽人的胸襟，因此站在他人的角度思索問題可以变得心胸開阔，容纳不一样的意見，故选A。六、PassageTwo(總題数：1，分数：12.00)Weallloveahero,andrescuedogsaresomeofthebiggestheroesofall.Youwilloftenfindthemgoingaboveandbeyonddutytosavesomeone,risking—andattimeslosing—theirlivesintheprocess.

RescuedogsaregenerallyfoundintheSportingandHuntingGroups,orfromthetraditionalHerdingGroup.ThesetypesincludetheBloodhound,LabradorRetriever,Newfoundland,GermanShepherd,GoldenRetriever,andBelgianMalinois—allofwhicharechosenforsearch-and-rescuedutybecauseoftheiramazingphysicalstrength,loyalty,andtheirtendencyformentalstability.

Thesetypesalsohaveakeensenseofhearingandsmell—tobetterlocatelostindividuals—andareoftenabletoaccesshard-to-reachareas.Ashighlytrainedanimals,theyserveinmanydifferentfields,includingspecialistSearch,snowsliderescue,deadbodylocation,andtracking.

Toovercomeobstaclesandsucceedwhenperformingthedemandingdutiesofasearch-and-rescueworker,adogmustdisplaycertainqualities.Inadditiontointelligenceandstrength,thedogmustbeswift,confident,easilytrainable,adaptable,andhaveahighlevelofstamina(耐力)andendurance.Astrongsenseofgroupcooperationandanabilitytoengageinfriendlyplayduring"down"timeisalsorequiredofsearch-and-rescuedogs.

Arescuedoggoesthroughmany,manyhoursofintensivetrainingtobefitforduty.Trainingisnotforthefaint-hearted.Certificationtrainingcantakefromtwotothreeyears,workingthreetofourhoursaday,threetosixdaysaweek,ofteningroup,team-orientedsessions.

Eachsearch-and-rescuefieldrequiresdifferenttypesoftraining.Rescuetraining,forinstance,includes"airscenting"—wheredogsaretrainedtosmelltheairforthevictim"sscent(气味)andthenfollowthescenttotheperson.Thisabilityiscrucialtofindingvictimstrappedundercollapsedbuildingsandsnowslide.（分数：12.00）(1).Rescuedogsarechosenprobablybecause______.（分数：3.00）

A.theyareloyal

√

B.theyarebrave

C.theyhaveamazingappearances

D.theyhavegoodeyesight解析：[解析]事实细节題。由第二段最终一句“auofwhicharechosenfor...loyalty,andtheirtendencyformentalstability”可知，挑选搜救犬的条件是强健的体格、忠诚、心理稳定程度，故选A。(2).Whatdoes"faint-hearted"inParagraph5mean?（分数：3.00）

A.Courageous.

B.Cowardly.

√

C.Energetic.

D.Slow.解析：[解析]詞义理解題。第五段重要描述搜救犬需要通過長期的艰苦训练，因此這种训练应當不适合·懦弱胆小者，只有顽强的搜救犬才能坚持下来。由此推测，faint-hearted应指“懦弱的”，故选B。(3).Whichabilityismostimportantfordogstorescuepeopletrappedinsnow?（分数：3.00）

A.Sharphearing.

B.Swiftmovement.

C.Extraordinarysmelling.

√

D.Astrongmemory.解析：[解析]推理判断題。由第六段最终两句可知，搜救训练的一项内容是让搜救犬去嗅空气中受害者的气味，這项能力對发現被困在坍塌建筑物和雪崩中的受害者至关重要。由此可推断，在搜救被困在雪裏的受害者時，搜救犬极其敏锐的嗅覺是最重要的，故选C。(4).Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?（分数：3.00）

A.Selectionprocessofrescuedogs.

B.Qualitiesandtrainingofrescuedogs.

√

C.Risksrescuedogsarefacedwith.

D.Typesoftasksrescuedogscanperform.解析：[解析]主旨大意題。文章第二、三、四段重要讲搜救犬需要具有的能力和条件，第五、六段讲搜救犬的训练，因此這篇文章的主題是搜救犬的本领和训练，故选B。七、PassageThree(總題数：1，分数：12.00)Eatinganappleadaydoesn"tkeepthedoctoraway,butitdoesreducetheamountoftripsyoumaketothedrugstoreperyear.That"saccordingtoanewstudythatinvestigateswhetherthere"sanytruthintheoldsaying.

AteamofresearchersledbyDrMatthewDavis,oftheUniversityofMichiganSchoolofNursing,asked8,399participantstoanswersurveyquestionsaboutdietandhealth.Atotalof753wereappleeaters,consumingatleast149gofrawappleperday.Theremaining7,646wereclassedasnon-appleeaters.Whenbothgroupsansweredquestionsontripstothedoctorandtripstothedrugstoreperyear,theappleeaterswerefoundtobe27%lesslikelytovisitthedruggistfordrugs.

Tripstothedoctorwerenotsignificantlyaffectedbyappleconsumption,though."Evidencedoesnotsupportthatanappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.However,thesmallnumberofUSadultswhoeatanappleadaydoesappeartousefewerprescriptionmedications,"thestudyconcludes.

Appleeaterswerealsofoundtobelesslikelytosmokeandbemorelikelytohaveahighereducationalattainmentthannon-appleeaters.Whileapplesdonotcompetewithoranges,theydocontainsomeimmune(免疫的)system-increasingvitaminC,whichmaybewhyapple-eatersvisitthedruggistless.Withover8mgofvitaminCpermedium-sizedfruit,anapplecanprovideroughly14%yourdailyrecommendedintake.

PreviousstudieshavealsolinkedappleconsumptiontoalowerriskofType2diabetes(二型糖尿病),improvedlungfunctionandalowerriskofcolon(結肠)cancer.（分数：12.00）(1).Howmanynon-appleeatersansweredsurveyquestionsintheresearch?（分数：3.00）

A.149.

B.7,646.

√

C.753.

D.8,399.解析：[解析]事实细节題。由第二段前三句可知，總共有8,399人回答了問卷调查的問題；總共有753名吃苹果的人，他們每天至少消耗149克生苹果；剩余的7,646人被归类為不吃苹果的人，故选B。(2).Whatistheconclusionofthestudy?（分数：3.00）

A.AppleconsumptionhasgreatlyreducedUSadults"tripstothedoctor.

B.Anappleadaydoeskeepthedoctoraway.

C.Applesarefarmorenutritiousthanoranges.

D.AsmallnumberofUSadultappleeaterstendtotakelessmedicine.

√解析：[解析]事实细节題。由第三段最终一句可知，研究成果表明，每天吃一种苹果的少数美国人似乎确实服用较少的处方药，故选D。(3).Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?（分数：3.00）

A.Applesarebetterthanoranges.

B.ApplesdohavesomevitaminCtoincreasetheimmunesystem.

√

C.Applescanhelpcurecertaindiseases.

D.Applescanprovidepeoplewithsufficientdailyintakeofenergy.解析：[解析]事实细节題。由第四段第二句话中的“theydocontainsomeimmunesystem-increasingvitaminC”可知，苹果中确实具有能增强免疫系统的维生素C，故选B。(4).Whatcanbedescribedasthewritingstyleofthispassage?（分数：3.00）

A.Objective.

√

B.Creative.

C.Subjective.

D.Persuasive.解析：[解析]写作風格題。文章用调查数据和科學观點来展開论述，因此文章的写作風格是客观的，故选A。八、PassageFour(總題数：1，分数：12.00)SometimesIscratchmyheadwhenIreadaboutthegovernment"seffortstoimproveschools:newstandardsandteststobeapplied,strictteacherevaluations,andthreatsofschoolclosuresandjoblosses.Theyfrightentheschoolemployees,nottomentionthestudents.Insteadofmakingpeopleunabletosolveproblemsortrynewideas—whichiswhatfeardoestous—researchonschoolreformstronglysuggeststhatpolicy-makersshouldencourageschoolleaderstotakeamorehumaneapproach.IntheirstudyonthereformeffortsoftwelveChicagopublicschools,BrykandSchneiderfoundthatenablingpositivesocialrelationshipsbetweentheadultswasthekeytosuccessfulschoolimprovementandthattrustwasattheheartofthoserelationships.

Trustinschoolscomesdowntoonething:psychologicalsafetyorsafetytospeakone"smind,todiscusswithopennessandhonestywhatisandisn"tworking,tomakecollectivedecisions.

Yetthiskindofsafetydoesn"tcomeeasilytoschools.AccordingtoBrykandSchneider,theadultsinschoolrelyoneachothertodotheirjobscorrectlyandwithintegrity(正直).Thechallengeisthatourexpectationsareverydiversebasedonouruniquebackgrounds.

AtoneschoolwhereItaught,eachteacherhaddifferentexpectationsabouthowmuchextraeffortteachersshouldputintotheirwork—abigdifferencebetweentheteacherswholeftafterthelastbellandthosewhoworkedintotheevening.Andwhenexpectationsareunconsciousorunspoken,itbecomesimpossibleforotherstoliveuptothem.

Wealsomakeassumptionsabouttheintentionsbehindaperson"sbehavior.Asweallknow,assumptionsareoftenwrong.Forexample,parentsandteachersmaythinktheprincipalmadeaparticulardecisionbasedonhiscareeradvancementratherthanwhat"sbestforthestudents.Ifwedon"tfeelpsychologicallysafetoquestionourassumptionsandexpectations,trustfliesoutthewindowandourrelationshipssuffer.（分数：12.00）(1).AccordingtoParagraph1,whydoestheauthorscratchhishead?（分数：3.00）

A.Becausehedoesn"tknowwhattodoonceschoolsareclosed.

B.Becauseheisnotsureaboutthepracticabilityofthosenewtests.

C.Becauseheisconcernedthatmanyteacherswilllosetheirjobs.

D.Becauseheisnotinfavorofthegovernment"sreformefforts.

√解析：[解析]推理判断題。由第一段第二、三句可知，作者认為政府针對學校的改革措施威胁到了學校的雇员和學生，并且這些改革使人們失去了处理問題或尝试新想法的能力，因此，作者挠頭是由于他不赞成政府的改革措施，故选D。(2).AccordingtoBrykandSchneider,whatwasmostimportantforsuccessfulschoolimprovement?（分数：3.00）

A.Newstandardsandtestsinschools.

B.Positivesocialrelationships.

√

C.Strictteacherandstudentevaluations.

D.Assistanceofthegovernment.解析：[解析]事实细节題。由第一段最终一句中的“enablingpositivesocialrelationship...wasthekeytosuccessfulschoolimprovement”可知，Bryk和Schneider认為积极的社會关系對成功的學校改革来說是最重要的，故选B。(3).Whatismeantbytrustinschool?（分数：3.00）

A.Freedomtoexpressone"sviews.

√

B.Extraeffortteachersputintotheirwork.

C.Independenceoftheteachersinschools.

D.Unconsciousandunspokenexpectations.解析：[解析]推理判断題。由第二段可知，學校中的信任其实就是可以說出心中所想，可以公開、诚实地讨论哪些事行得通、哪些事行不通，并且可以做集体决定。因此，學校中的信任就是自由地体現观點，故选A。(4).Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheassumptionsmadeabouttheintentionsbehindaperson"sbehavior?（分数：3.00）

A.Theyshouldbetrusted.

B.Theyareoftenbold.

C.Theyareoftenincorrect.

√

D.Theyshouldbeencouraged.解析：[解析]事实细节題。由第五段前两句可知，我們總是猜测一种人的行為背後的意图，但众所周知，猜测往往是錯误的，故选C。九、PassageFive(總題数：1，分数：12.00)AninterestingprojectcalledBlueZonesisrecordingthelifestylesecretsofthecommunitieswiththehighestconcentrationsofcentenariansintheworld.

ThepeopleinthefiveregionsinEurope,LatinAmerica,AsiaandtheUSthatlivetobe100havealotgoingforthem.Genesprobablyplayasmallrole,butthesefolksalsohavestrongsocialties,tightly-knitfamiliesandlotsofopportunitiestoexercise.

AswewereexaminingthedietarysecretsoftheBlueZones,asdescribedinauthorDanBuettner"slatestbook,TheBlueZonesSolution,wewerestruckbyhowessentialteadrinkingisintheseregions.Infact,Buettner"sBlueZonesBeverageRule—akindofguidelinesummarizedfromhis15orsoyearsofstudyingtheseplaces—is:"Drinkcoffeeforbreakfast,teaintheafternoon,wineat5p.m."

Sciencehasplentytosayaboutthehealthfulvirtuesofgreentea.Researchersaremostenthusiasticaboutthecomponentsingreentea,aswellasfoodslikecocoa.WhymighttheyhelpsomanyOkinawansinJapanbreak100?Somecomponentsingreenteacanlowertheriskofstroke,heartdiseaseandseveralcancers.Onereviewstudyalsofoundthatdrinkinggreenteacanslightlyimprovemetabolism(新陈代謝).

IfyoufindyourselfontheislandofIkaria,theGreekBlueZoneinthemiddleoftheAegean,youwon"tbeofferedanyteamadewithtealeaves.Instead,Ikarianstypicallymaketheir