2025中考英语13.主题阅读-生态环境(解析版)

13.主题阅读-生态环境知识积累知识积累一、主题阐述初中英语阅读中的生态环境类文章，不仅是对学生语言理解能力的考验，更是对他们环保意识与生态观念的培养。这类阅读通常围绕自然环境的现状、生态问题的成因、环境保护的重要性及可行的环保措施等主题展开，通过生动的描述、具体的数据和实例，引导学生认识到人与自然和谐共生的重要性。在阅读过程中，学生需要运用所学的词汇、句型和阅读技巧，如快速浏览、细节理解、归纳总结等，来把握文章的主旨大意和关键信息。同时，这类文章也鼓励学生反思人类行为对自然环境的影响，激发他们保护环境的责任感和行动力，从而在提升英语阅读能力的同时，也促进了学生综合素养的全面发展。生态环境类文章会包含丰富的词汇和表达方式，如“protecttheenvironment”（保护环境）、“reducepollution”（减少污染）、“conservenaturalhabitats”（保护自然栖息地）等，这些词汇不仅能够帮助学生学习英语，还能让他们了解到保护生态环境的重要性。在阅读过程中，学生需要关注文章中的细节，如具体的环保措施、动植物的保护情况等，以加深对文章内容的理解。同时，这类文章也通常会提出一些建议或呼吁，如“Weshouldalldoourparttoprotecttheenvironment.”（我们都应该为保护环境尽一份力），这可以引导学生思考自己能为环保做些什么。二、语篇特征1.主题明确，聚焦环保‌这类语篇通常围绕生态环境问题展开，如全球变暖、环境污染、资源短缺等，主题明确，旨在引导学生关注生态环境问题，培养环保意识。2.语言特点鲜明‌‌使用特定词汇，如“ecology”（生态）、“environment”（环境）、“pollution”（污染）等，以及相关的动词、形容词和短语，构成语篇的词汇基础。‌‌句式多样，可能采用强调句、反问句等句式来增强表达效果，如“Onlybyprotectingtheenvironmentcanweensureasustainablefuture.”（只有通过保护环境，我们才能确保可持续的未来。）‌3.内容结构清晰‌‌引言部分‌：简要介绍生态环境问题的背景或现状，引出主题。‌‌主体部分‌：详细阐述生态环境问题的具体表现、影响及原因，可能包含数据、事实或案例来支持观点。‌‌结论部分‌：总结生态环境问题的严重性，提出解决措施或呼吁大家共同行动。‌44.蕴含文化价值‌这类语篇不仅传递生态环境知识，还蕴含对生态环境的尊重和保护意识，反映人类与自然和谐共生的价值观。三、主题词汇1.基础词汇‌‌environment‌环境‌pollution‌污染‌climatechange‌气候变化‌ecosystem‌生态系统‌biodiversity‌生物多样性‌habitat‌栖息地conservation保护sustainable可持续的endangeredspecies濒危物种renewableenergy可再生能源solarpower太阳能windpower风能recycling回收利用composting堆肥wastereduction减少废物2.‌环保行动与理念‌‌sustainable‌可持续的‌endangeredspecies‌濒危物种‌raiseone’senvironmentalawareness‌提高环保意识‌makeproperuseofwaterresources‌合理利用水资源‌saveandtreasureourresources‌节约并珍惜资源‌keepthebalanceofnature‌保持生态平衡‌recycle‌回收利用‌bantheabuseofplasticbags‌禁止滥用塑料袋3.‌具体环境问题与现象‌‌globalwarming‌全球变暖‌solarenergy‌太阳能‌waterpollution‌水污染‌airpollution‌空气污染‌soilerosion‌水土流失‌desertification‌沙漠化‌greenhouseeffect‌温室效应‌ecologicaldegradation‌生态系统退化4.‌环保政策与措施‌‌ecologicalredlines‌生态红线‌greendevelopment‌绿色发展‌eco-compensationsystem‌生态补偿制度‌ecologicalandenvironmentalgovernance‌生态环境治理‌voluntarytree-plantingactivity‌义务植树活动突破练习突破练习1Floods,droughts(干旱),storms,hotdays...extremeweatherisbecomingmoreandmorecommonallovertheworld.It’sreportedthatthisiscausedbygreenhousegasemissionfromhumanactivities,accordingtoChinaDaily.Manypeoplearesufferingthissummer.AreasofEuropewerehitbybigthunderstorms.InPortugalandSpain,hugewildfireshaveforcedthousandstoleavetheirhomes.IntheUS,morethan80percentofthewestisindrought,upfromjust20percentin2021.InChina,theheathasinfluencedthesouthsinceJune.Thedurationofthisyear’shightemperatureswillbreakthe62-dayrecordin2013,becomingthelongestheatwavein61years.Extremeweathereventsareaffectingpeople’slivelihoods.Theyarenotonlykillingpeopleanddestroyinghomesbutalsomakemorepeopleintohunger.MillionsinEastAfricahavelittlefoodtoeattoday,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization.Forfouryears,therewasn’tenoughrainduringthesummerandthelandwastoodrytogrowfood.Somehydro-power(水电)stationsinSichuanProvinceareshortofwaterandcan’tproduceenoughelectricity.AfarmerfromSichuanshowedthegrapeshegrewhavedriedbecauseofhightemperatures.Someanimalfarmsalsofacethedangerofwatershortage.Extremeweatherhasalsomade218oftheknown375diseasesmoreserious.Asvirusestrytoliveatthehighertemperatures,theygraduallybecomestrongerandhardertokill.Extremeweatherisawarningtous.It’stimeforeveryonetotakeactiontoslowdownclimatechange.Wecandriveless,planttrees,savewater,buylessplasticanddolotsofotherthings,too.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“suffering”meaninthesecondparagraph?A．Enjoying. B．Experiencing. C．Fighting. D．Regretting.2．WhatextremeweatherhitAmericathissummer?A．Floods. B．Thunderstorms. C．Heatwave. D．Droughts.3．Whyareextremeweathereventsaffectingpeople’slivelihoods?A．Becauseitdidn’trainalltheyear.B．Becausetheymakemanyfarmers’grapesdie.C．Becausethelandistoodrytofarmforfarmers.D．Becausetheycausevirusestobecomestrongerenoughtobekilled.4．What’sthecorrectorderofthemainideaaccordingtothetext?a.Peoplearoundtheworldgetintotroublebecauseofextremeweather.b.Extremeweatherhasabadinfluenceonpeople’sliving.c.Extremeweatherbecomesacommonproblemintheworld.d.Peopleshouldtakemeasurestodealwithextremeweather.A．cbda B．cabd C．acbd D．dbac5．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Topraisethespiritofworkingtogether.B．Tointroducewhattheextremeweatheris.C．Toshowthewaysoffightingextremeweather.D．Todrawpeople’sattentiontoextremeweather.2Birdsusuallybuildtheirnestswithsticks,leavesorgrass.Butdoyouknowthatbirdsarealsobuildingtheirnestswithrubbishtheseyears?Therubbishincludescigarettebutts(烟头)andplasticbags.AgroupofEuropeanscientistslookedinto(调查)about35,000studiesonbirdnests.Theyfoundthatbirdshaveusedman-madethingsinnestsalmosteverywhereonEarthexceptAntarctica.Somerubbishseemstobehelpful.Thisiswhybirds“like”puttingitintheirnests.Forexample,cigarettebuttshavespecialsmell,sotheycankeepinsectsawayandprotectthebabybirds.Plasticbagsareusefulinkeepingtheanimalswarm,andotherhardthings,suchaspapercards,canmakenestsstronger.However,intheend,humanrubbishmayonlybringmoreharmtobirds.Thetoxic(有毒的)chemicalsincigaretteshurtthebabybirds.Theymaygetsickorhaveshorterlives,accordingtoastudy.Tomakemattersworse,ifthecigarettestillburnswhenthebirdbringsitbacktoitshome,itmaysetfiretothenest.Piecesoffishingnetmayalsotrapbirds,andit’simpossibleforthemtogetoutbythemselves.Ifthebabybirdseatotherkindsofrubbishbyaccident,theywillalsogethurt.Ourbirdfriendsintheairarefeelingthebadeffectsofhumanspollutingtheenvironment.1．WhatdidtheEuropeanscientistsfind?A．Somepeoplehelpbirdsbuildtheirnests.B．Thereisrubbishinthenestsofmanybirds.C．ThereisalmostnobirdlivinginAntarctica.D．Birdscanhelpcleantheenvironment.2．WhichofthefollowingthingsisNOTusedbythebirdstobuildtheirnestaccordingtothepassage?A．Papercards. B．Cigarettebutts. C．Plasticbags. D．Woodenboards.3．Howcancigarettebutts“help”birds?A．Theycanburnotherharmfulrubbish.B．Theycanmakenestsstronger.C．Theycanstopinsectsfromgettingclose.D．Theycankeepbirdswarm.4．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Thebadinfluencethathumanrubbishhasonthebirds.B．Theharmthattheenvironmentbringtothewildanimals.C．Thereasonwhybirdslikeusingrubbishtobuildtheirnests.D．Theharmfulactivitiesthathumanshavedonetotheenvironment.3Awooly(羊毛的)coatandaheadofhumanhairhavemoreincommonthanyoumightthink.Bothincludekeratinfibers(角蛋白纤维)andbothprovidewarmth.AEuropeancompany,HumanMaterialLoop,isnowquestioningwhyoneiswornandtheotheriswasted.Theywanttochangetheclothingindustrybyturninghumanhairintoafabric(织物).Everyyear,Europeansproduce72millionkilogramsofhumanhairwaste.Whenhairwastebreaksdowninarubbishbag,itgivesoffgreenhousegases(气体).Manycountriesburnthiswaste,butthat’snotenvironmentallyfriendly,either.ZsofiaKollar,whostartedHumanMaterialLoop,explainsthatusingthehairfabricisnotthatdifferentfromusinganyothermaterial.Shortandbrokenhairsaremadeintofabricandcolored.HumanMaterialLoop’sfirstproductwasasweater.Ithadawool-likefeel.Thecompanyhasalsomadeanoutdoorcoatandshownitsabilitytokeepthewearerwarm.Theseclothesarenotforsale,though.Thecompany’spurposeistogettheattentionofclothingcompanies.Ithopesthatonedaytheywillbuyitshairfabrictomaketheirownclothes.Kollarunderstandsthatmostpeoplearen’treadytowearhumanhairontheirbodies.Theymayfindtheideastrange.Buthistorically,Kollarpointsout,humanhairhasbeenusedasafabricinmanycultures.Inthe13thcentury,forexample,peopleinwhatisnowthesouthwesternUnitedStatesusedhumanhairtomakesocks.“Thereismuchworktodotogetpeopletoaccepthairfabric,”Kollarsays.“ButIcanseeitcomingmoreandmoreintoourdailylives,overtime.”1．Whatdoawoolycoatandhumanhairhaveincommon?A．Theybothhavekeratinfibers. B．Theyarebothcheapanduseful.C．Theycanbothkeeppeoplecool. D．Theyarebothgoodforenvironment.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph2?A．Thefabric. B．Thehairwaste. C．Thewoolycoat. D．Therubbishbag.3．Whatcanwelearnfromparagraphs3and4?A．Usinghumanhairfabricisverydifferentfromusingothers.B．ThesweatermadeofhairbyHumanMaterialLoopsellswell.C．Mostpeoplethinkitsmarttowearhumanhairontheirbody.D．Humanhairwasusedasafabrichundredsofyearsago.4．HowmightKollarfeelaboutthefutureofhairfabric?A．Worried. B．Bored. C．Hopeful. D．Uncertain.4outathousandmillion(百万)tonsofwateraday.Waterisahumanrightandeveryoneshouldhavetheirshare.Yetmorethan700millionpeoplearoundtheworldhavetroublegettingclean,safewater.Treatingwastewaterisagoodwaytoprovidefreshwaterforus.Anditalsohelpstheenvironmentbykeepingwasteoutofriversandoceans.80%ofwastewateraroundtheworldisnottreatedatall,anditisrunningintooceans.Butnowwehavegotthetechnologytotreatandreusethewastewater.While75%ofourplanetiscoveredwithwater,onlyabout2%isfreshwater—thatcomesfromrivers,lakes,iceandsnow.Therest,98%ofthewater,isinseasandoceans.Itistoosaltytodrink.Thendesalinationbusinessescomein.Morethan19,000factorieshavebeenbuiltaroundtheworld,mostlyincoastalcountries.Theyprocess(加工)morethan92milliontonsofwatereveryday.Butthetechnologytheyuserequiresalotofenergy.Scientistsareworkingtocreatealesscostlytechnology.Theywanttoproduce20timesmorecleanwaterandmakesureeveryonehasenough.Butfornow,theworldstillfaceseachdaywithnothavingenoughwaterforeveryone.1．Whereisthefreshwateronourplanetfrom?A．Riversandlakes. B．Riversandoceans.C．Lakesandseas. D．Seasandoceans.2．Treatingwastewaterhelpstheenvironmentby________.A．storingwasteiniceandsnowB．lettingwasterunintooceansC．keepingwasteoutofriversandoceansD．sendingwastetocoastalcountries3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“desalination”inParagraph3mean?A．远洋运输 B．潮汐发电C．食盐销售 D．海水淡化4．Howmuchwastewateraroundtheworldisnottreated?A．75% B．2% C．98% D．80%5．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Watershouldbeahumanright.B．Thewaterproblemisstillserious.C．Ourplanetiscoveredwithwater.D．Everyonehasenoughcleanwater.5①Aroundtheworld,peoplearemoreandmoreworriedabouttheenvironment.Manypeoplenowpreferproductsandcompanies(公司)thatcareabouttheearthandcauselesspollution.Thisneedforgreenproductshasledlargecompaniestochangetheirbusiness.②Before,customersusedcheapplasticbags,andthenthrewthemaway.Butnowmostsupermarketsandstoresusuallyprovidereusableshoppingbagsforthem.Thiscauseslesswaste.Theyalsooffermorelocalproducts,becauselessenergyisneededforcarryingthemfromoneplacetoanother.③Tohelplowerairpollution,bigcarfactoriesarelookingforotherwaystocontroltheamount(数量)ofoil.Carsthatusemuchlessoilareverypopular.Manycompaniesarealsodevelopingfullyelectriccars.Theyproducenoairpollutionatall.Bothkindsofcarshaveanotheradvantage—theyarecheapertorunandpeopledon’tneedtoworryaboutoilprices.④Theairlinecompaniesfaceanevengreatergreenchallenge.Airplanesusemuchmoreoilthancars.Somanyairlinesarenowdevelopingplanesthatcanrunonsomeotherkindsofoil.Theycreatelesspollutionandcostless.Thecompaniesarealsodevelopinganewkindofplanes,andsomeofthemuseonlysolarpanels(太阳能板)tofly!⑤Greenbusinessesusedtobepopularwithonlyasmallgroupofpeople.Butnow,moreandmorecompanieshavetoshowtheycareabouttheenvironment.Manyproductsaremarked“green”inordertolooknice.However,peoplestillhavetobecarefulwhenchoosinggreenproducts.It’simportanttomakesuretheproductsareasenvironmentallyfriendlyasthebusinessmensay.1．Whyarebigcarfactorieslookingforotherwaystocontroltheamountofoil?A．Tobecheapertorun. B．Tousemoreoil. C．Tohelplowerairpollution.2．Whataretheadvantagesofelectriccarsaccordingtothepassage?a.Usingcheapoil.

b.Runningatlowcosts.

c.Producingnoairpollution.A．aandb B．bandc C．aandc3．Thelastsentenceofthepassageiswrittento________.A．showthegreenproductsarehealthyB．encouragepeopletobuygreenproductsC．tellpeopletochoosegreenproductscarefully4．Whichisthebeststructureofthepassage?A． B． C．5．What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．GreenIsCheaperB．GreenIsGoodBusinessC．GreenMakesLifeEasier6Whatdoyoudowithclothesyoudon’twanttowearanymore?Youmaydonatethemorgivethemtootherpeople.Whathappensnext?Wheredotheseclothesendup?It’sreportedthat92milliontonsofclothesendupinlandfillseveryyear.Thismeansthateverysecondatruckfullofclothesarrivesatalandfill.Sadly,thebeachesofGhana,acountryinWestAfrica,areoneoftheseplaces.Now,thebeachesarecoveredwithclothingwaste.Peoplefromallovertheworlddonateclothestocharity.However,charityshopsonlysellup20percentofdonatedclothes,saidtheGuardian.Theunsoldclothesarethenputinlargebagsandtraveltoothercountriestobesoldagainortreatedaswaste.TheKantamantomarketinAccra,thecapitalofGhana,isoneoftheworld’slargestsecondhandclothingmarkets.Everyweek,20millionpiecesofclothesarriveatKantamanto.Butabout40percentofthemleavethemarketaswaste.Workerseitherburnthewasteorputitunderground.However,thecityisnearthesea,sothere’snotenoughspaceforlandfills.Thisiswhyalotofclothingwasteendsuponthebeach.Asitgoesintothesea,fishandothersealifeareindanger.Seaturtles(海龟)can’tgettotheland,andfishcan’tgrowbecausetheymaygetcaughtintheclothes.Thewasteisalsohurtingtheeconomy(经济),ErnestIjawan,aworkeratalandfillinGhana,toldForbes.Fisherscan’tcatchasmanyfishasbeforesincemostofthethingstheycatchareclothes.Accordingtoanothersurvey,manyfastfashionclothesarewornonly7to10times,andthentheyarethrownaway.Around15yearsago,thisnumberwas10to15times.Peoplemaybehaven’trealizedthatourclothescanbebadfortheenvironment.Butthat’sthefact.Sopleasethinktwicebeforewebuyclothesorthrowthemaway.1．Thewriterexplainshispointby________.A．listingnumbers B．tellingstories C．givingexamples D．bothAandC2．HowdidapieceofoldclothesinGhanaenduponthebeach?①Nobodyboughtit.

②Therewasnoplaceforlandfills.③Thepersondonatedittocharity.

④Itwastreatedaswaste.⑤Itwasputinonecharityshop.A．⑤③①④② B．⑤②④③① C．③⑤①④② D．③⑤②④①3．Thewriterthinksourclothescanbebadfortheenvironmentbecause________.A．asitgoesintothesea,fishandothersealifeareindangerB．charityshopsonlysellup20percentofdonatedclothesC．everysecondatruckfullofclothesarrivesatalandfillD．thebeachesofGhanaarecoveredwithclothingwaste4．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraphs8-9?A．Thefishermenwillliveahardlife. B．Weshouldn’tbuytoomanyclothes.C．Thefishwillbeexpensive. D．Weshouldthinkcarefullyaboutclothes.5．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Theharmourclothesdototheenvironment.B．Thewaystodealwiththeclotheswedon’twanttowear.C．Thereasonswhythereissomuchclothingwaste.D．Theintroductionoftheworld’slargestsecondhandclothingmarket.7InternationalPolarBearDayThe2024InternationalPolarBearDayiscoming!Let’sgettoknowthelargestbearsandlearnhowtoprotectthem!SomefactsaboutpolarbearsColorTheyareactuallyblack,notwhite.Theyappearwhitebecausetheirhairrefects(反射)sunlight.Skills·Theyhaveanamazingsenseofsmell.Theycansmellasealfrom20milesaway.·Theyareexcellentswimmers.Theycanswimataspeedof6milesperhour.·Theycankeepthemselveswarmeveninverylowtemperatures.Challengesthatpolarbearsface.·Theydependonseaiceforresting,hunting(猎食)andbreeding(繁殖),buttheareaofseaiceisbecomingsmallerandsmaller.·Peopledumpoilwasteorotherharmfulthingsintothesea,whichputsthemindanger.·Theystillfacethedangerofbeinghuntedbyhumans.Thingswecandotoprotectpolarbears·Travelonfoot,bybikeorbypublictransport.·Offermoneyandhelptoorganizationsthatprotectpolarbears.·Recycleasoftenaspossible.·Callformorepeopletopayattentiontothelivingenvironmentofpolarbears.1．Anadultmalepolarbearweighsasmuchas________men.A．6 B．12 C．20 D．752．Whatdopolarbearsmainlyeat?A．Birds. B．Fish. C．Eggs. D．Seals.3．Whyisseaiceimportanttopolarbears?A．Theyneedittostorefood.B．Theycan’tkeepwarmwithoutit.C．Theyneedittohuntandproducebabies.D．Theycan’tswimandcanonlywalkonice.4．Whatcanwedotoprotectpolarbears?①

②

③

④A．①②③ B．①③④ C．①②④ D．②③④5．Whatcanwelearnaboutpolarbears?A．Theyareactuallywhite.B．Theyhaveverygoodhearing.C．Therearestillpeoplehuntingthem.D．Theyarethelargestanimalsintheworld.8根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。OnMarch4th,after10yearsofdifficulttalks,nearly200countriesagreedtoanewUNagreement-theHighSeasTreaty(《公海保护协议》).Itisthefirstofitskindin40years,1Oceanscoverabout71%oftheearth’ssurface,andarehometoallanimalsandplants.Healthyoceansplayaveryimportantroleinahealthyplanet.2Overfishing(过度捕捞)hashadterribleinfluenceonmanyfishesandotheranimals.Pollutionhascausedseriousdamage(破坏)inmanyareas.In1982,oneUNseaagreementdescribedthe“highseas”—thepartsoftheoceansthataren’tcontrolledbyanycountry.3Thehighseascoverabout2/3oftheocean.Butnowonlyl.2%oftheseareasareprotected.4Italsorequiresthattheresearchshouldfirstbedonetoseewhatinfluencehuman’sactivitiesmighthaveontheoceanenvironment.Duringthepast10years,thetalkswereheldtimeandtimeagain.5Forexample,therearedisagreementsabouthowmuchtocontrolfishingorpollution,Nowtheagreementhasalongwaytogo,whichmustbeofficiallyacceptedataUNmeetingandbesupportedbyenoughcountriesbeforeitworks.A．Buttheoceansareintrouble.B．Andit’sagreatachievementinprotectingtheworld’soceans.C．Theagreementwasfinallyreachedafterdifficultdiscussions.D．Soallcountrieshavetheright(权利)tofishandsendshipsthere.E．Thatisbecausedifferentcountrieshavetheirowndifferentideas.F．Thenewagreementsetsagoaltoturn30%ofthehighseasintoprotectedareas.G．Oceansareimportantforeverythingontheearth.9根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Haveyounoticedthattherearemoreparksincitiesthesedays?From“pocketparks”betweencommunitiestoforestparksintheoutercities,localgovernmentshavebeenmakingeffortstomakeChina’scitiesgreener.1.Theseleisurespacesopenupforestssothatvisitorscanwalkthroughnatureandgetclosertowildlife.Thecitywillbuildmorethan50woodlandparksby2025.Insomecities,morecompaniesanduniversitieshavechosento“opentheirgates”andsharetheirgreenery.Forexample,theShanghaiResearchInstituteofSportScienceopenedits1,000km2greenlandtothepublic.Theparkisjoinedbyhistoricalbuildingsinthearea,2.InNanning,parksaren’tjustusedforleisure.Foronething,parkshavebecomeaplacetospreadintangibleculturalheritage(非物质文化遗产)tothepublic.ThePeople’sParkhasheldseveralshowsforfree.AndtheseparksalsowelcomevisitorstowatchNanning’straditionalYongOpera.3.That’swhythenewNanningFlowersParkprovidesseveralyardsforplayingballgames,anditoftenholdsfitnessactivities.Besidesmeetingpeople’sneeds,4.TakeBeijing’sCentralGreenForestParkasanexample.Theparkhasreachedcarbon-neutral(碳中和)sinceitwasopenedin2020.Thismeansthatalthoughthefacilities(设施)leadtotheincreaseofCO2inthepark,theplantstherecantakeinmoretomakeup.Theparkalsofullyreusesrainwaterandcreatesgreenenergyforthepark.5.Theymeetpeople’sneedsforabetterlivingexperienceandareapeople-centeredideathattakestheformofanimprovednaturalenvironmentinallfields.A．providingmorespacefortouriststohavearestB．parkscanalsobegoodfortheenvironmentC．helpingpeoplehavemoretimetodoexerciseD．PeopleinChinawantmoreandmoreparksE．AscitiesinChinabecomegreener,“parkcities”arebecomingarealityF．Foranother,morelocalpeoplechoosetogototheparkforexerciseG．From2021to2022,Shanghaihasturned62woodlandsintoleisure(休闲)spaces10根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Aproblemisonlyaproblemuntilthereisasolution(解决办法).Wefindsolutionsbythinkingcreatively.1Inotherwords,wethinkoutsidethebox.Sometimes,thinkingoutsidetheboxsolvesnotjustone,buttwoproblems.AmsterdamisoneofthemostcrowdedcitiesinEurope.Asaresult,housingisveryexpensive,especiallyforstudents.2However,findingthistypeofapartmentswasalmostimpossibleuntilrecently.WhilethecollegesinAmsterdamweretryingtosolvethehousingproblem,thousandsofshippingcontains(集装箱)werelyingquietlyinports(港口)aroundtheworld.Thesehugesteelcontainerscarryproductsfromonecountrytoanother.Thelifeofeachcontainerisabout10years.3Yettheycan’trecycleallofthembecausetherearesomany.BackinAmsterdam,acompanycameupwithamazingidea.Whynotreusetheseshippingcontainersasstudentapartments?4Theyareallthesamesizeandfittogetherperfectly.Thesteelisstrong.Moreover,thesecontainersaresowidelyavailablethattheyarequitecheaptobuy.Forallthesereasons,theycanbeusedtobuildapartmentsquicklyandcheaply.Buildingbeganin2005,andafteronlyafewweeks,hundredsofAmsterdamstudentshadnewhomes.Whenstudentsfirstheardaboutthisidea,theythoughtthecontainerapartmentswouldbesmall,noisy,andcold.5Eachcontainerapartmenthasakitchen,abedroomwithastudyarea,andabathroom.Theapartmentsarewarmandquiet.Theyevenhaveahigh-speedInternetconnection.Livinginashippingcontainerhasbecomepopular.Today,over3,000Amsterdamstudentsliveinthecontainervillage.A．Studentsneedlow-costapartments.B．Thecontainersaregreatforbuildingapartments.C．Infact,theseapartmentsarenotingoodcondition.D．However,theyweresurprisedwhentheysawthem.E．Steelcompaniesrecyclesomeoftheoldcontainers.F．Recyclingthesteelcontainershasmanyideas.G．Weuseourimaginationandcomeupwithcreativeadvantages.参考答案1【答案与解析】本文阐述了由于温室气体排放而造成的全世界范围内的极端天气，以及它给我们带来的灾难。1．词义猜测题。根据“AreasofEuropewerehitbybigthunderstorms...becomingthelongestheatwavein61years.”可知，许多国家的人们都在经历极端天气，所以划线单词意为“经历”，故选B。2．细节理解题。根据“IntheUS,morethan80percentofthewestisindrought,upfromjust20percentin2021.”可知，美国今年夏天遭受干旱，故选D。3．细节理解题。根据“Forfouryears,therewasn’tenoughrainduringthesummerandthelandwastoodrytogrowfood.”可知，夏天雨水不足，土地太干，无法种植粮食，C选项符合，故选C。4．细节理解题。根据“extremeweatherisbecomingmoreandmorecommonallovertheworld”，“Manypeoplearesufferingthissummer.”，“Extremeweathereventsareaffectingpeople’slivelihoods.”及“It’stimeforeveryonetotakeactiontoslowdownclimatechange.”可知，正确的顺序为cabd，故选B。5．主旨大意题。根据“Extremeweatherisawarningtous.It’stimeforeveryonetotakeactiontoslowdownclimatechange.”可知，本文阐述了由于温室气体排放而造成的全世界范围内的极端天气，以及它给我们带来的灾难。目的是为了引起人们对极端天气的注意。故选D。2【答案与解析】本文主要讲述了许多鸟类正在用人类的垃圾筑巢，这一做法既有利也有弊。1．细节理解题。根据“Theyfoundthatbirdshaveusedman-madethingsinnestsalmosteverywhereonEarthexceptAntarctica.Somerubbishseemstobehelpful.Thisiswhybirds“like”puttingitintheirnests.”可知，他们发现许多鸟类的巢里都有垃圾。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据“Forexample,cigarettebuttshavespecialsmell,sotheycankeepinsectsawayandprotectthebabybirds.Plasticbagsareusefulinkeepingtheanimalswarm,andotherhardthings,suchaspapercards,canmakenestsstronger.”可知，鸟会用烟头、塑料袋和纸卡来筑巢。故选D。3．细节理解题。根据“Forexample,cigarettebuttshavespecialsmell,sotheycankeepinsectsawayandprotectthebabybirds.”可知，烟头可以阻止昆虫靠近。故选C。4．主旨大意题。根据“However,intheend,humanrubbishmayonlybringmoreharmtobirds.Thetoxic(有毒的)chemicalsincigaretteshurtthebabybirds.Theymaygetsickorhaveshorterlives,accordingtoastudy.”可知，本段主要讲了人类垃圾对鸟类的不良影响。故选A。3【答案与解析】本文是一篇科技新闻，主要介绍了欧洲一家名为HumanMaterialLoop的公司正在尝试将人类的头发制成织物，用于制作衣物，以此来改变服装行业，同时也解决了人类头发废弃物的环保问题。1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Awooly(羊毛的)coatandaheadofhumanhairhavemoreincommonthanyoumightthink.Bothincludekeratinfibers(角蛋白纤维)andbothprovidewarmth.”可知，羊毛外套和人类头发的共同点是它们都含有角蛋白纤维。故选A。2．句意猜测题。根据第二段“Whenhairwastebreaksdowninarubbishbag,itgivesoffgreenhousegases(气体)”可知，当头发废弃物在垃圾袋中分解时，头发会释放出温室气体，这里的it指的是头发废弃物。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Buthistorically,Kollarpointsout,humanhairhasbeenusedasafabricinmanycultures.Inthe13thcentury,forexample,peopleinwhatisnowthesouthwesternUnitedStatesusedhumanhairtomakesocks.”可知，从历史上看，人类的头发在许多文化中都被用作织物。例如，在13世纪，现在美国西南部的人们用人的头发做袜子，所以D项表述正确。故选D。4．观点态度题。根据文章最后一段“‘Thereismuchworktodotogetpeopletoaccepthairfabric’Kollarsays.‘ButIcanseeitcomingmoreandmoreintoourdailylives,overtime’.”可知，Kollar对头发织物的未来充满了希望。故选C。4【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了全球水资源的短缺问题，以及如何通过处理废水和海水淡化等方式来解决这个问题。1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“While75%ofourplanetiscoveredwithwater,onlyabout2%isfreshwater—thatcomesfromrivers,lakes,iceandsnow.”可知，我们的星球上的淡水来自河流、湖泊、冰和雪。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Treatingwastewaterisagoodwaytoprovidefreshwaterforus.Anditalsohelpstheenvironmentbykeepingwasteoutofriversandoceans.”可知，处理废水有助于保护环境，因为它可以防止废物进入河流和海洋。故选C。3．词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“Thendesalinationbusinessescomein.Morethan19,000factorieshavebeenbuiltaroundtheworld,mostlyincoastalcountries.Theyprocess(加工)morethan92milliontonsofwatereveryday.”可知，这些工厂每天处理超过9200万吨的水，这是通过海水淡化的方式进行的，所以“desalination”意为“海水淡化”。故选D。4．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“80%ofwastewatera