专题一　题型1　细节理解题

四选一阅读专题一汇报人：细节理解题题型101细节理解题常分为直接信息题、间接信息题、综合信息题、数字计算题和细节排序题等。分析近三年的高考真题可知，直接信息题、间接信息题和综合信息题为高频考点，其他皆为低频考点。设问方式以特殊疑问句形式为主，常以when，where，what，which，who，howmuch/many等疑问词引出问题。直接信息题的答案可以或几乎可以直接从原文中找出来，考生可先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中寻找细节。广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等语篇中的直接信息题较多。考向1直接信息题(2024·新课标Ⅰ，A片段)HelprestoreandprotectMarin’snaturalareasfromtheMarinHeadlandstoBolinasRidge.We’llexplorebeautifulparksiteswhileconductinginvasive(侵入的)plantremoval，winterplanting，andseedcollection.HabitatRestorationTeamvolunteersplayavitalroleinrestoringsensitiveresourcesandprotectingendangeredspeciesacrosstheridgesandvalleys.21.WhatistheaimoftheHabitatRestorationTeam

？设问方向：HabitatRestorationTeam的目的A.Todiscovermineralresources.

B.Todevelopnewwildlifeparks.C.Toprotectthelocalecosystem. D.Toconductbiologicalresearch.[3]对比选项和关键句，得出答案：,由关键句可知，HabitatRestorationTeam的目的是恢复生态资源、保护濒危物种。对比选项可知C项正确。[2]原文关键词＝题干关键词关键句[1]题干关键词：专有名词典例剖析技法归纳A(2024·浙江1月，A片段)“TomSawyer：ARiverAdventure”hasallthegoodstuff，includingthefencepainting，the①graveyard，theislandandthecave.Itis②adaptedbyJoeMcDonough，withmusicbyDavidKisor.That’sthelocalstagewritingteamthatcreatesmanyoftheChildren’sTheatreofCincinnati’soriginalmusicals，alongwiththeholidayfamilymusicalsatEnsembleTheatre.1.Whowrotethemusicfor“TomSawyer：ARiverAdventure”？A.DavidKisor. B.JoeMcDonough.C.NathanTurner. D.RobbieMcMath.√即时演练细节理解题。根据选段中的“ItisadaptedbyJoeMcDonough，withmusicbyDavidKisor.”可知，本剧是由大卫·基索作曲的。故选A。语境猜词：①graveyard_______②adapt______n.墓地v.改编B(2023·新课标Ⅱ，A片段)CanyonTalksatArtistPoint(June9toSeptember2)Fromaclassic①viewpoint，enjoyLowerFalls，theYellowstoneRiver，andthe②breathtakingcolorsofthecanyon(峡谷)whilelearningaboutthearea’snaturalandhumanhistory.Discoverwhyartistsandphotographerscontinuetobedrawntothisspecialplace.MeetonthelowerplatformatArtistPointontheSouthRimDriveforthisshorttalk.2.WhatistheshorttalkatArtistPointabout?A.Worksoffamousartists.

B.Protectionofwildanimals.C.Basicphotographyskills.

D.Historyofthecanyonarea.√细节理解题。根据选段中的“Fromaclassicviewpoint，enjoyLowerFalls，theYellowstoneRiver，andthebreathtakingcolorsofthecanyon(峡谷)whilelearningaboutthearea’snaturalandhumanhistory.”可知，在ArtistPoint的简短演讲的主题是峡谷地区的历史。故选D。语境猜词：①

viewpoint

____________________②breathtaking

_______________n.观点，看法；视角adj.令人惊叹的C(2024·江西九江二模)AcademicSupportMAPHstudentsareprovidedwithacademicguidancefromthemomenttheyarriveoncampus.Mostoftenthissupportcomesfromthefollowingsources：·AllMAPHstudentstake①arequiredfallquartercoursetaughtbytheMAPHDirector.·Studentsareplacedingroupsof10－12andworkcloselywithanassigned②post-doctoralInstructionalProfessororTeachingFellowthroughouttheyear.·Overthewinterandspringquarters，MAPHstudentsworkcloselywithafacultymemberwhohasagreedtoserveastheirthesisadvisor.·ThreeMAPHMentors，recentMAPHgraduateswhoworkasstaffmembers，areavailabletomeetwithstudentstodiscusscourseselection.3.WhatkindofsupportisavailableforallMAPHstudents?A.Coursebythedirectoroftheprogram.B.GroupworkwiththeMAPHDirector.C.Adviceonthesiswritinginthefallquarter.D.HelpwithcoursebooksfromMentors.√细节理解题。根据选段中关键句“AllMAPHstudentstakearequiredfallquartercoursetaughtbytheMAPHDirector.”可知，所有MAPH学生都能上由MAPH院长教授的课程。故选A。语境猜词：①arequiredfallquartercourse______________②post-doctoral___________必修的秋季学期课程adj.博士后的间接信息题通常不能直接从原文中找到对应的词或短语，但可以找到近义词、同义词、派生词、反义词等，考生也可以根据文章的隐含线索，如原因、前提或结果等仔细推敲得出正确答案。此类题型常在记叙文、说明文或议论文中考查。考向2间接信息题(2024·新课标Ⅰ，B片段)Farber，agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity，startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian.Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.Hetriedmuscle-relaxingdrugsbutfoundlittlerelief.Thenhetriedacupuncture，anancient

Chinesepractice，andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So，afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears，hebeganofferingthemtopets

.关键句2

[2]原文关键词＝题干关键词关键句1关键句3

[2]原文关键词＝题干关键词典例剖析25.WhydidFarberdecidetotryacupunctureonpets？

设问方向：Farber决定给宠物尝试用针灸疗法的原因A.Hewastrainedinitatuniversity. B.Hewasinspiredbyanotherveterinarian.C.Hebenefitedfromitasapatient. D.Hewantedtosavemoneyforpetowners.[1]题干关键词[3]转换关键句，得出答案：由第一个关键句可知，whenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain可以转换为as(hewas)apatient。由第二和第三个关键句可知Farber尝试使用针灸，结果两三次治疗后就好转了，于是在研究几年后开始给宠物使用。对比选项可知C项正确。技法归纳A(2024·新课标Ⅱ，B片段)Doyouevergettothetrainstationandrealizeyouforgottobringsomethingtoread?Yes，weallhaveourphones，butmanyofusstillliketogooldschoolandreadsomethingprinted.Well，there’sakiosk(小亭)forthat.IntheSanFranciscoBayArea，atleast.“Youenterthefaregates(检票口)andyou’llseeakioskthatis①litupandittellsyoucangetaone-minute，athree-minute，orafive-minutestory，”saysAliciaTrost，thechiefcommunicationsofficerfortheSanFranciscoBayAreaRapidTransit—knownasBART.“Youchoosewhichlengthyouwantanditgivesyoua②receipt-likeshortstory.”即时演练1.Howarethestoriescategorizedinthekiosk?A.Bypopularity. B.Bylength.C.Bytheme. D.Bylanguage.细节理解题。根据选段第三段中“youcangetaone-minute，athree-minute，orafive-minutestory”和“Youchoosewhichlengthyouwantanditgivesyouareceipt-likeshortstory.”可知，自助服务亭中的故事按长度分类，乘客可以根据自己的需求选择不同长度的故事。故选B。√语境猜词：①lightup________②receipt-like_________照亮，点亮像收据一样的B(2024·浙江1月，B片段)Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox?Imeantomakeanactualphonecall—nottoshelterfromtherain.Agesago，right?ThelasttimeIusedaphoneboxforitsintendedpurposewas...2006.Iwasconductingauditions(试演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.Hopingtoimpresssometalentedactorstocomeandworkformefornothing，Ispreadsome①throwsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomakeitseemabitmore“youngprofessional”.AsIrushedoutdoorsto②emptythewastepaperbaskets，thedoorswungshutbehindme.SuddenlyIwaslockedoutside.Mymobilephonewasinside，butluckilytherewasatelephoneboxacrossthestreet.So，IcalledDirectoryAssistance，gotputthroughtoourlandlady’smanagingagent，andhada③sparekeysenttomewithjustenoughtimetogetbackinbeforetheactorsarrived.2.Whydidtheauthorusethetelephoneboxin2006?A.Toplaceanurgentcall.

B.Toputupanotice.C.Toshelterfromtherain.

D.Toholdanaudition.√细节理解题。根据选段第二段最后一句“So，IcalledDirectoryAssistance，gotputthroughtoourlandlady’smanagingagent，andhadasparekeysenttomewithjustenoughtimetogetbackinbeforetheactorsarrived.”可知，作者在2006年使用电话亭是为了拨打紧急电话。故选A。语境猜词：①throw_______②empty______③spare_______n.套，罩v.清空

adj.备用的综合信息题涉及一段内的多个信息或多段内容，且各个细节信息都能在文章中找到，因此考生要不厌其烦地认真分析、概括和归纳，从而得出正确答案。设问形式如下：Whatcanwelearnabout...fromthe...paragraph(s)？Whatdo...and...haveincommon？Whatsimilar...do...and...have？等。考向3综合信息题(2024·新课标Ⅱ，A)ChoiceofWalksforBeginnerandExperiencedWalkersTheCarlowAutumnWalkingFestivalisagreatopportunityforthebeginner，experiencedoradvancedwalkertoenjoythechallengesofCarlow’smountainhikesorthepeaceofitswoodlandwalks.典例剖析[2]信息词Walk1—TheNaturalWorldWithenvironmentalistÉannaLamhnaastheguide，thiswalkpromisestobeaninformativetour.WalkersaresuretolearnlotsaboutthehabitatsandnaturalworldoftheBlackstairs.DateandTime：Saturday，1stOctober，at09：00)

StartPoint：ScratoesBridgeWalkDuration：6hoursWalk2—IntroductiontoHillwalkingEmmanuelChappard，anexperiencedguide，hasapassionformakingthegreatoutdoorsaccessibletoall.Thismountainwalkprovidesaninsightintotheskillsrequiredforhillwalkingtoensureyougetthemostfromfuturewalkingtrips.DateandTime：Sunday，2ndOctober，at09：00StartPoint：DeerparkCarParkWalkDuration：5hours[2]信息词[2]信息词Walk3—MoonlightUndertheStarsWalkingatnight-timeisagreatwaytostepoutofyourcomfortzone.BreathtakingviewsofthelowlandsofCarlowcanbeenjoyedinthepresenceofwelcomingguidesfromlocalwalkingclubs.Atorch(手电筒)alongwithsuitableclothingisessentialforwalkinginthedark.Thosewhoaredressedinappropriatelywillberefusedpermissiontoparticipate.DateandTime：Saturday，1stOctober，at18：30

StartPoint：TheTownHallWalkDuration：3hoursWalk4—PhotographicWalkinKilbrannish

ForestThisinformativewalkledbyRichardSmythintroducesyoutothebasicprinciplesofphotographyinthewild.Bringalongyourcameraandenjoythewonderfulviewsalongthiswell-surfacedforestpath.DateandTime：Sunday，2ndOctober，at11：45StartPoint：KilbrannishForestRecreationAreaWalkDuration：1.5hours[2]信息词23.Whatdothefourwalkshaveincommon？

设问方向：四项徒步活动的共同点A.Theyinvolvedifficultclimbing.B.Theyareforexperiencedwalkers.C.Theysharethesamestartpoint.D.Theyarescheduledfortheweekend.[1]题干关键词[3]综合概括信息源，得出答案：每一项徒步活动的举办时间都是Saturday或Sunday，可以概括为周末。对比选项可知D项正确。技法归纳A(2023·全国甲，A片段)NahmOfferingThaifinedining，NahmprovidesthebestofBangkokculinary(烹饪的)experiences.It’stheonlyThairestaurantthatranksamongthetop10oftheworld’s50bestrestaurantslist.HeadChefDavidThompson，whoreceivedaMichelinstarforhisLondon-basedThairestaurantofthesamename，openedthis①branchintheMetropolitanHotelin2010.IssayaSiameseClubIssayaSiameseClubisinternationallyknownThaichefIanKittichai’sfirst②flagshipBangkokrestaurant.Themenuinthisbeautiful③colonialhouseincludestraditionalThaicuisinecombinedwithmoderncookingmethods.即时演练1.WhatdoNahmandIssayaSiameseClubhaveincommon?A.Theyadoptmoderncookingmethods.B.TheyhavebranchesinLondon.C.Theyhavetop-classchefs.D.Theyarebasedinhotels.√细节理解题。根据Nahm部分的最后一句以及IssayaSiameseClub部分的首句可知，Nahm和IssayaSiameseClub的共同之处是它们都有一流的厨师。故选C。语境猜词：①branch______②flagship_______③colonial________________n.分店

n.旗舰adj.殖民地时期风格的B(2024·四川绵阳二模)Ifyou’relookingforanewbooktoread，you’reinluck—everyOctoberseesthemostbookspublishedinasingledayandthisyearitfallsonOctober12.Thesearesomeofthebiggestnewtitlestopickup.·A

Stroke

of

the

PenbyTerryPratchett，priced￡20.Itcontains20shortstorieswrittenintheseventiesandeightiesinthelastcentury.Thisdelightfulcollectionis①inventiveand②engaging，oftenwitha③twistyend.Thecomedicfantasiesthatshapethisbookmakeafunread.·A

Haunting

on

the

HillbyElizabethHand，priced￡16.99.Availablenow.Itisa④readattractingreaders’curiositytotheendandtheendisbeyondexpectation.Theshortchapters，complexcharacters，andbeautifullyyetscarilywrittendescriptionsmakethenovelanirresistibleturner.2.WhatdoA

Stroke

of

the

PenandA

Haunting

on

the

Hillhaveincommon?A.Botharerealistic.

B.Botharescary.C.Bothareonsale.

D.Bothhaveasurpriseending.细节理解题。由A

Stroke

of

the

PenbyTerryPratchett中“Thisdelightfulcollectionisinventiveandengaging，oftenwithatwistyend.”和A

Haunting

on

the

HillbyElizabethHand中“Itisareadattractingreaders’curiositytotheendandtheendisbeyondexpectation.”可知，这两本书的共同点在于两者都有出人意料的结局。故选D。√语境猜词：①inventive___________②engaging________________

③twisty________④read______adj.有创意的adj.迷人的，吸引人的adj.曲折的

n.读物数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说，计算量都比较小，容易计算。但是解答英语阅读中的数字计算题必须要找出文中的隐含信息，这些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句的理解，从这个角度上讲，理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。数字计算题一般出现在广告类、故事类、科学知识类、史地自然类、文化教育类等语篇中。设问方式多是以when，inwhichyear，howmany/much等疑问词(组)开头引出问题。考向4数字计算题(2023·新课标Ⅰ，A片段)Prices

HandBrake，ThreeGearsFootBrake，NoGears1hour€7.50€5.003hours€11.00€7.501day(24hours)€14.75€9.75Eachadditionalday€8.00€6.00[2]原文关键词＝题干关键词[2]原文关键词＝题干关键词关键数据关键数据关键信息典例剖析23.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays？设问方向：租一辆三挡、手刹的自行车两天的花费A.€15.75. B.€19.50.C.€22.75. D.€29.50.[1]题干关键词:类别和时长[3]整合推算，得出答案：第二列与题干中询问的类别一致：三挡、手刹。由倒数第二行的关键数据可知，租一天三档、手刹的自行车费用是€14.75；由最后一行的关键信息和数据可知，如果多租一天，交€8.00。合计推算€14.75＋€8.00＝€22.75。故C项正确。技法归纳A(2024·新课标Ⅰ，A片段)AGE，SKILLS，WHATTOBRINGVolunteersaged10andoverarewelcome.ReadourYouthPolicyGuidelinesforyouthundertheageof15.BringyourcompletedVolunteerAgreementForm.Volunteersundertheageof18musthavetheparent/guardianapprovalse