湖北省武汉市2025届高三下学期四月调研考试（二模）英语试题 含解析

武汉市届高中毕业生四月调研考试英语试卷全卷满分分。考试用时分钟。注意事项：答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。第一部分听力共两节，满分分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节共5小题；每小题5分，满分5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的C三个选项中选出最佳选秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Continuehistask.B.Chargehisphone.C.Havearest.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:hasbeencrazylatelythatlinesareapproaching.W:Ifeelthat.Haveyoutriedtakingsmallbrickstorecharge?M:Ishouldhave.IjustfeellikeIcan’ttostop.第1页/共26页W:me,aquickbreakcanactuallymakeyoumoreproductive.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatisthemandoing?A.Playingavideogame.B.Havingawalkoutside.C.Readinganadventurestory.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:beenonyourtabletforawhile.Whynotstopandgooutsideforsomefreshair?M:Justfivemoreminutes.I’malmostatthenextlevelofmyadventure.3.此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Ariver.B.Afilm.C.Amusician.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Oh,mygoodness!Itbringsbackalotofmemories.dadandIcriedariveroverthisthingwhenyouwereonlytwoyearsold.Lookatyou,acollegestudentM:Howmoving!AndIlovethemusichere,thesoftviolin.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanhavedifficultyin?A.Raisingquestionsinclass.B.Keepingupwiththematerial.C.Communicatingwiththeteacher.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Inoticedthatyou’vebeenquieterinclassrecently.Everythingokay?M:I’vejustbeenfeelingabitbehindinthematerial.W:It’simportanttoaskquestionswhenyouareunsure.M:Thanks,MissGreen.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomantrytomaster?ADescribingfeelings.B.Combiningcolours.C.Paintinglandscapes.【答案】B第2页/共26页【解析】【原文】W:Istartedpaintingrecently.It’ssurprisinglyrelaxing.M:Really?Thatsoundscool.Whatareyoupainting?W:Mostlylandscapes.I’mtryingtogetthehangofmixingcolors.M:I’dlovetotrythat,too.第二节共小题；每小题5分，满分5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的、、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。6.Wherearethespeakers?A.Onaplane.B.Atastation.C.Atanairport.7.WhenwillthemanleaveforBoston?A.9:15.B.9:45.C.10:17.【答案】6.C7.B【解析】原文】W:HowcanIhelpyou?M:Hi,mysonandImissedourninefifteenflighttoBoston.What’stheearliestwecangetthere?W:Sorrythere’snodirectflighttoday.havetwooptions.Oneleavesat9:45connectsinSanFranciscoandarrivesat13:45.Theotherdepartsat10:17,stopsinLosAngelesandarrivesinBostonafteratwohourflight.M:Thanks,I’lltakethefirstone.8.Whoisateacher?A.Jenna.B.Rachel.C.Simon.9.HowdidJennabecomefamous?A.Bylaunchingablog.B.Bycreatingalifestyle.C.Byrunningamagazine.10.Whatwillthewomandonext?第3页/共26页A.afriend.B.Sendamessage.C.Readapost.【答案】8.B9.A10.B【解析】【原文】M:Ican’tbelieveit’sbeensolong,Rachel,howhaveyoubeen?W:OhSimon,I’vebeengood,justkeephimbusywithteachingyouknow,makingteachingplans,assigninghomework.Butguesswhat?IcameacrossJennatheotherday.M:Jenna?youmeanourJenna?Theonewhousedtoalwayswriteinhernotebook?W:shestartedthislifestyleblogayearagoandnowshe’sacelebritywithmillionsoffollowers.M:What?Noway.Irememberwhenshewasinhighschoolshe’dalwaystalkaboutwantingtoshareherthoughtswithpeopleandneverimagineditwouldblowuplikethis.W:Iknow,herpostsareeverywhere.Iactuallysawherinamagazinelastweek.I’msoproudofher.M:That’samazing.shoulddefinitelyreachouttocongratulateher.W:Absolutely.I’lltexther.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Fellowworkers.C.andstudent.12.HowdoesthemanfeelaboutAIuseatfirst?A.Slightlydoubtful.B.Ratherdisappointed.C.Prettysatisfied.13.WhatdoesAIhelpthewomantodo?A.drafts.B.Gradeessays.C.Generateideas.【答案】A12.A13.C【解析】【原文】W:HaveyouheardaboutalltheAItoolsthatarebeingusedinschoolsnow?Ourteachersareevenusingthemtogradeassignments.M:Iheardaboutthat.It’sprettywild,right?Icanseehowithelpsteacherssavetime,butitalsofeelsalittlestrange.Like,canAIreallyunderstandtheslightdifferencesinthepaper?W:Igetwhatyoumean,butAIcan,andit’snotjustgrading.SomeschoolsareusingAItogivestudentssuggestions,likehowtoimprovetheirwritingorevenhelpthemwithresearch.It’slikehavingatutor247.M:That’sprettycoolactually.第4页/共26页W:I’vebeenusingAItohelpmewithmyessays.Beforewriting,Iturntoitanditmeavarietyofideas.Itcanalsopolishtheroughdraftsofmyessays.It’sbetterthanstaringatablankpageforhours.M:AIisdevelopingsorapidly.14.Whydidquitfootball?A.Hepreferredacting.B.Hehatedbeingpushed.C.Hewaspooratrunning.15.WhatmotivatedtostarthiscareerinBarcelona?A.Gaudi’sworks.B.Localdishes.C.Excitingmatches.16.WhatchallengedthemostinBarcelona?A.Spanishidioms.B.Extremeheat.C.Hugecrowds.17.WhichbestdescribesA.Ambitious.B.Considerate.C.Generous.【答案】14.C15.A16.B17.A【解析】【原文】W:Hellocanyousharehowyouchoseyourcareerpath?M:anderror.Honestly,mydadwasaprofessionalfootballersoItriedthatfirst.Butlet’sjustsayrunningwasn’tmystrengthsoIquitaftersixmonths.Mymompushedmetowardactingsinceshewasonstageherself,butIkeptstrugglingonlines.ThenIrealizedI’dalwaysgetreallyexcitedaboutstudyingcoolbuildings.Thatahamomentletmestraighttoarchitectureschool.W:WhydidyouchooseBarcelonaspecifically?M:WhenIvisiteditatnineteenforafootballmatchandgotattachedtoGaudi’sfamousdesigns?IreadtonguesabouthisurbandesignafterwardandpromisedmyselfI’lladdmyownstyletothiscitysomeday.Plus,Itrulyenjoytheamazinglocaldishesandexcitingmatchdays.W:Sowhat’syourbiggestadjustmentwhenlivinghere?M:Survivingextremelyhotsummers,learningSpanisheverydayexpressionsandhandlingcrowdstooktimetoo.Buthey,greatlocalfoodfixedmostproblems.W:Thanksforsharing.journeywassuperinspiring.I’msuremanyofouryounglistenerslearnedalotfromyourexperience.M:Hopefullyso.第5页/共26页18.WhatcausedtheSilverFiretoworseninCalifornia?A.Strongwinds.B.Geographicfeatures.C.Humanactivities.19.HowmanyacreshastheRockfireburnedinSouthCarolina?A.Nearly574.B.Upto2,000.C.About000.20.WhatshouldcertainpeopleinGreenvilledo?A.Fightagainsthurricanes.B.Cleanupdryplants.C.Keepawayfromhomes.【答案】18.A19.C20.C【解析】【原文】M:AlargewildfirebrokeoutincentralCaliforniaonSunday,growingrapidlytoathousandacresandforcingresidentstoleavetheirhomes.TheSilverfirestartednearbishopiniocounty,closingpartofushighwaysix.BySundaynight,firefightershadnotyetcontrolledthefire.Strongwindsupto35milesperhourmadetheburningareasworseandstoppedplanesfromhelping.expertswarnedthatevenstrongerwindscouldspreadthefirefurtherthroughMonday.Meanwhile,southCarolinawildfirescontinueburningasofficialspreparetoliftastatewideburnban.Excludingfivecountiesstillatrisk.ThebiggestfiretablerockhasburnednearlyacresinsouthCarolinaand574acresinnorthCarolina,withonly9%contained.Anotherfire,Persmanridge,hasburned2000acresandis24%contained.SomeGreenvillecountyresidentsmuststayawayfromtheirhomesthesefiresarespreadingduetodryplantsandfallentreesleftbyhurricaneHelena.第二部分阅读共两节，满分分)第一节共小题；每小题5分，满分5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的、、、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Athreedifferenttypesofsubscriptions,detailedSubscriptionProvide第6页/共26页•unlimitedaccesstoTheAtlantic.comandouriOSandAndroidapp•allthebenefitsofaDigitalsubscription&•10printissuesofthemagazine•allthebenefitsofPrint&Digitalsubscriptions•ad-freewebbrowsing(浏览)onTheAtlantic.comWhenyoupurchaseaone-time,non-renewingsubscription,wewillchargeyourselectedmethodofpaymentatthetimeofpurchase.Automaticallyrenewingsubscriptionsrequireongoingchargesatsettimes:first,whenyouinitiallysubscribeandthenannuallyoreverytwoyearsdependingontheoptionyouchooseatcheckout.willcontinuetobechargedatyourselectedinterval(间隔)unless,priortoyourrenewaldate,youoptoutofautomaticrenewalorcancelyoursubscription.Whengivingagiftsubscription,wewillchargeyourselectedmethodofpaymentatthetimeofpurchase.Subscriptionspurchasedthroughathirdpartyareonlymanagedthroughthatthirdparty.arenotabletoinitiate,cancel,orrefundanythird-partysubscriptiononthecustomer’sbehalf.reservetherighttochangeoursubscriptionpricesatanytime.21.WhatfeatureisuniquetoPremiumsubscriptions?A.Limitlesswebsiteaccess.B.FreeiOSandAndroidapp.C.Uninterruptedwebexperiences.D.10printissuesofthemagazine.22.Whichsubscriptionisthemagazineunabletocanceldirectly?A.Purchases.B.AutomaticallyRenewingSubscriptions.C.GiftSubscriptions.D.Third-PartySubscriptions.23.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.persuade.B.inform.C.comment.D.advertise.【答案】21.C22.D23.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了订阅服务的不同类型以及订阅计费的条款，详细列出了各种订阅方式所提供的服务内容、计费方式、自动续订规则、礼品订阅的处理方式以及第三方订阅的管理说明。第7页/共26页【21题详解】部分中的“ad-freewebbrowsing(浏览)onTheAtlantic.Com(月刊》官网上无广告浏览)”可知，高级订阅可享受在浏览网页时不会被广告干扰，属于无干扰的网络体验，这是高级订阅独有的特点。故选C。【22题详解】Third-PartySubscriptions:Subscriptionspurchasedthroughathirdpartyareonlymanagedthroughthatthirdparty.arenotabletoinitiate,cancel,orrefundanythird-partysubscriptiononthecustomer’sbehalf.(第三方订阅：通过第三方购买的订阅服务仅由该第三方进行管理。我们无法代表客户发起、取消或退还任何第三方订阅服务的费用)”可知，通过第三方购买的订阅服务仅由该第三方进行管理，杂志方无法代表客户发起、取消或退还任何第三方订阅服务的费用。故选D。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，本文详细介绍了《大西洋月刊》的订阅类型和计费条款等信息，目的是向读者传达这些相关内容，让读者了解相关规定和服务详情，属于告知性质，而不是说服读者去做某事、对某事进行评论或者为产品做广告宣传。故选B。BThesedays,IhavebeengatheringcontributionsforClassNotesfrommyclassmatesattheBrearleySchool.Sevencontributionshavecomein.Theyarelongorshort,emotionalormatter-of-fact,andnowmyjobwillbetocutandselect,rephraseandquote,andcountwordsfromeachcontributor-ourentirecollectionwillhavetoadduptonomorethansixhundredandfiftywords.Thetoughpartistryingtogivemoreorlessequalspacetoeachoftheselifeaccounts,sincesomeofustendtorelateincidentsingreatdetailwhileothersaretight-lipped.Ifnineofusaltogether,includingme,contributenotes,theneachnoteisallowedalittleoverseventywords.Ifanothercontributioncomesinatthelastminute,weallgodowntoaboutsixty-five.DoIcutoutthetriptoCostaRica,orthevisittothenephewinNewJersey?Therecentgrandchild,brokenleg,orScrabble(拼字游戏)competition?WhydidIdecideIwouldnotmindbeingaclass-notesagent?IsupposeIpursueanypieceofwritingfortwomainreasons.First,Ilikethechallengeoftryinganewform.Inthiscase,mytaskistorearrangethewritingsofarangeofpersonalitiestocreateonefairlysmoothwhole.Thesecondreasonisalwaysemotional.Here,onesourceofmyemotionwastheyears-longexperienceoftheschoolitself.Iwasalsotouchedthatmyclassmatessuggestedmeforthejob,theirsensiblereasonbeing:awriter.“Asa65-year-oldlady,Ifeeltiredsometimes,butI’veneverstoppedvaluingeverymomentinthisjob.Forme,第8页/共26页myclassmatesarestillfullofyouthfulenergy,passion,ordisgustortearfulhurt.I’mnotsureI’mnaturallygiftedatturningallthesecolorfuldetailsintoabriefandentertainingaccount.That’showIdoit—quotetheirownwordsasoftenasIcan.24.Whatdoestheauthorneedtodowiththecontributions?A.Editandadjustthem.B.Collectandgradethem.C.Ensurethevarietyofthem.D.Addpersonalcommentstothem.25.Howdoestheauthorexplainthedifficultyofthejob?A.Bycitingquotes.B.Bylistingexamples.C.Bymakingcomparisons.D.Bygivingdefinitions.26.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromparagraph3?A.Sheprioritizesnewforms.B.Sheprefersemotionalwriting.C.Sheishesitantabouttherole.D.Sheisacknowledgedbyherclassmates.27.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthejob?A.It’sstressful.B.It’sworthwhile.C.It’sstraightforward.D.It’stroublesome.【答案】24.A25.B26.D27.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者作为班级笔记编辑，负责收集、整理和编辑同学们投稿的班级笔记的工作内容和感受。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Theyarelongorshort,emotionalormatter-of-fact,andnowmyjobwillbetocutandselect,rephraseandquote,andcountwordsfromeachcontributor-ourentirecollectionwillhavetoadduptonomorethansixhundredandfiftywords.(它们有长有短，有情感上的，也有事实上的，现在我的工作将是剪切和选择，重新措辞和引用，并计算每个投稿人的字数——我们的整个合集加起来不得超过650字)”可知，作者需要对投稿进行编辑和调整。故选A。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Thetoughpartistryingtogivemoreorlessequalspacetoeachoftheselifeaccounts,sincesomeofustendtorelateincidentsingreatdetailwhileothersaretight-lipped.Ifnineofusaltogether,includingme,contributenotes,theneachnoteisallowedalittleoverseventywords.Ifanothercontributioncomesinatthelastminute,weallgodowntoaboutsixty-five.DoIcutoutthetriptoCostaRica,orthevisittothenephewinNewJersey?Therecentgrandchild,brokenleg,orScrabble(拼字游戏)competition?(最困难的部分是第9页/共26页试图为这些生活描述中的每一个提供或多或少相等的空间，因为我们中的一些人倾向于详细地讲述事件，而另一些人则守口如瓶。如果我们九个人，包括我在内，一起写笔记，那么每个笔记都允许有七十多个单词。如果在最后一刻收到另一份捐款，我们都会减少到大约六十五份。我该取消去哥斯达黎加的行程，还是去新泽西看望侄子的行程？最近摔断腿的孙子还是拼字游戏比赛？)”可知，作者通过举例说明了工作的困难。故选B。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Iwasalsotouchedthatmyclassmatessuggestedmeforthejob,theirsensiblereasonbeing:awriter.”()”可推知，作者被她的同学们认可。故选D。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Asa65-year-oldlady,Ifeeltiredsometimes,butI’veneverstoppedvaluingeverymomentinthisjob.(作为一名65岁的女士，我有时会感到疲惫，但我从未停止过珍惜这份工作中的每一刻)”可知，作者珍惜这份工作中的每一刻，由此可推知，作者认为这份工作很值得。故选B。CHeidico-founderofBlue,anorganizationcommittedtobeachcleaning,waspuzzledwhensheandherteammatesstartedfindingstrangetire-shapedcapsuleswashedashorealongtheCapecoast,nearAustralia’snortheasterntip.ButeventuallyconnectedwithSatlink—aSpanishsatellitecommunicationscompany.Satlink’sGPS-enabledbuoys(浮标),theonesthebeachcleanerskeptfinding,helpcommercialfisherstracktheirnets,linesetc.hadabrainwavethatwouldseethebuoysnotjustrecycledbutreused.Formorethanadecade,boatcrewsworkingfartherwest,inAustralia’sGulfofCarpentaria,hadbeentellingabouthowabandonedfishingnetswerecirclingthegulf,hurtingseacreatures.Theseso-calledghost(幽灵)netshadeitherbrokenfreefromcommercialfishingboatsandgottenlost,orwerecutloosebyfishersaftergettingcaughtonrocks.afewtonneseach,thenetsthatboatcrewshadchanceduponinthegulfwereoftentoobigforthemtopulloutofthewater.They’dtypicallyreportthefindstotheauthorities,butbythetimeanyonewithanappropriatelyequippedboatcouldheadouttogetone,themassofmessyropehadoftengonefromsight.However,onceoneoftheGPS-enabledbuoysisattached,itsendsitslocationeveryfewhourstoawebsite,whichletsBluemonitorthenets’movements’andwarnstheorganizationofdanger.Sofar,thereusedGPStrackershavehelpedBluerecoverthreeghostnetsfromAustralianwaters.Blue’sideatotrackghostnetsisn’tentirelynew;researcherswiththeCommonwealthScientificandIndustrialResearchOrganisation(CSIRO),Australia’snationalscienceagency,suggesteditadecadeago.第10页/共26页theideaonboard,theauthoritiestriedusingbattery-poweredtrackerstomonitorafewghostnets.Blue’sapproachinthatitsrecycledbuoysaresolarpoweredandrequirelessupkeep.28.Whatwerethetire-shapedcapsulesoriginallyusedfor?A.Removingbeachwaste.B.Recyclingvehicletires.C.Locatingfishingequipment.D.Strengtheningsatellitesignals.29.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph2?AIllustrateafuturepossibility.B.Describeatechnicalprocess.C.Presentapracticalsolution.D.Frameaproblemcontext.30.HowdoBlue’sbuoysoutperformearliertrackers?A.Theyneedlessmaintenance.B.Theymonitorbroaderregions.C.Theyreceivegovernmentfunding.D.Theyprovideprecisetrackingdata.31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.intoAFixtoGhostNetsB.FightingThreats:TheHiddenHarmofGhostNetsC.FinancingChange:InnovativeOceanCleanupPlansD.ProtectingSeasfromAnActivistofConservation【答案】28.C29.D30.A31.A【解析】Blue组织如何利用回收的GPS浮标来追踪和回收澳大利亚水域中的幽灵渔网。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“ButeventuallyconnectedwithSatlink—aSpanishsatellitecommunicationscompany.Satlink’sGPS-enabledbuoys(浮标),theonesthebeachcleanerskeptfinding,helpcommercialfisherstracktheirnets,linesetc.(但最终与西班牙卫星通信公司Satlink取得了联系。Satlink公司的GPS浮标，也就是海滩清洁工不断发现的浮标，可以帮助商业渔民追踪他们的渔网和渔线等)”可知，轮胎形状的胶囊最初用于定位渔具。故选C。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Formorethanadecade,boatcrewsworkingfartherwest,inAustralia’sGulfofCarpentaria,hadbeentellingabouthowabandonedfishingnetswerecirclingthegulf,hurtingseacreatures.第11页/共26页Theseso-calledghost(幽灵)netshadeitherbrokenfreefromcommercialfishingboatsandgottenlost,orwerecutloosebyfishersaftergettingcaughtonrocks.afewtonneseach,thenetsthatboatcrewshadchanceduponinthegulfwereoftentoobigforthemtopulloutofthewater.They’dtypicallyreportthefindstotheauthorities,butbythetimeanyonewithanappropriatelyequippedboatcouldheadouttogetone,themassofmessyropehadoftengonefromsight.(泰特（）讲述废弃渔网如何在海湾中打转，伤害海洋生物。这些所谓的“幽灵渔网”要么是从商业渔船上挣脱后丢失的，要么是在被岩石挂住后被渔民割断的。船队在海湾中偶然发现的这些渔网，每个都有几吨重，通常都太大，他们无法将其拖出水面。他们通常会向当局报告这些发现，但等到有配备适当设备的船只能够出发去打捞时，那一大团杂乱的绳子往往已经不见了踪影)”可知，作者在第二段中打算构建一个问题的背景。故选D。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Blue’sapproachinthatitsrecycledbuoysaresolarpoweredandrequirelessBlue较少)”可知，塔加罗阿蓝的浮标在性能上与早期的追踪器相比的优势是它们需要更少的维护。故选A。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“Heidico-founderofBlue,anorganizationcommittedtobeachcleaning,waspuzzledwhensheandherteammatesstartedfindingstrangetire-shapedcapsuleswashedashorealongtheCapecoast,nearAustralia’snortheasterntip.(Heidi是Blue的联合创始人，该组织致力于清洁海滩。当她和她的队友们开始在澳大利亚东北端附近的约克角海岸发现奇怪的轮胎形胶囊时，她感到很困惑)”以及最后一段第一句“Blue’sideatotrackghostnetsisn’tentirelynew;researcherswiththeCommonwealthScientificandIndustrialResearchOrganisation(CSIRO),Australia’snationalscienceagency,suggesteditadecadeago.(塔加罗阿蓝跟踪幽灵网的想法并不是全新的；澳大利亚国家科学机构英联邦科学与工业研究组织（CSIRO）的研究人员十年前就提出了这个建议)”可知，本文介绍了Blue组织如何利用回收的GPS浮标来追踪和回收澳大利亚水域中的幽灵渔网，所以这篇文章最好的标题是A项“变废为宝：幽灵网的解决方案”。故选A。DInhealthresearch,determiningtruecauses—likewhetherdrinkingwinehealth—isvitalforinformeddecisions.But“correlationdoesnotequalcausation(因果关系)”iswidelyrecognized.Thenhowdoresearchersmovebeyondcorrelationstofindanswers?Correlationsoftenexistwithoutimplyingcausation.Forinstance,chocolateconsumptioncorrelateswiththe第12页/共26页numberofNobelPrizewinnersinsomecountries.DoeseatingchocolateboostNobelwins?No.Thiscorrelationlikelyexistsbecausechocolateconsumptionservesasaforwealth.Inturn,wealthrelatestoeducationandresearchfunding—keyfactorsbehindNobelachievements.So,justfindingalinkisn’tenough.Scientistsneedmorestrongevidencetoestablishcausation.Unlikehighlycontrolledchemistryorphysicsexperiments,whichcaneasilyshowhowXY,humanbiologyoftenreliesonindirectevidence.Itrequires“inductivereasoning”—drawinggeneralconclusionsfromavailableevidence.It’slikehowaprosecutor(检察官)buildsacriminalcaseusingcircumstantialevidence.Whileindividualpiecesmightnotbepersuasive,theirbuild-upstrengthensthecase.There’soneinterestingcontrast,however..Incriminalcases,thestandardofproofis“beyondreasonabledoubt”,butsciencedemandsproofbased“onthebalanceofprobabilities”.Thisreflectsscientists’willingnesstorevisetheirbeliefswhenbetterevidenceemerges.Indirectevidenceiscrucialforinferringcausation,butitisnotalwaysconclusive.Thegoldstandardfordirectevidenceofcausationistherandomisedcontrolledtrial(RCT),whereparticipantsarerandomlyassignedtoeitherreceiveaninterventionortobea“control”.Thisensuresifyouseeadifferencebetweenthetwogroups,thiscanonlybeduetotheoftheintervention,whicheffectivelyprovescausation.Unfortunately,ethical(道德的)considerationsoftenpreventusconductingForinstance,welackRCTevidencethatsmokingcauseslungcancerbecausetheindirectevidenceissostrongthatsuchstudieswouldbeunethical.Causationinhealthdoesn’tworkinasimpleway.Factorslikelifestyle,genes,andenvironmentinteracttodeterminediseaserisk.Achievingperfecthealthrequiresavarietyofactions,asnosinglehabit,superfood,ormagicpillistheanswer.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“”inparagraph2mean?A.Replacement.B.Condition.C.Indicator.D.Preference.33.Howdoscientists’inferencesfromprosecutors’conclusions?A.Theyremainopentoupdate.B.Theyguaranteeabsolutecertainty.C.Theyrelylargelyonindirectevidence.D.Theyrequirehigherstandardofproof.34.WhyisRCTconsideredthegoldstandardforestablishingcausation?A.Itwideapplication.B.Itensuresfairassignment.C.Itavoidsethicalconsiderations.D.Itidentifiesinterventioneffects.35.Whatistheauthor’ssuggestionforhealthimprovement?A.Countingongoodhabits.B.Integratingmultiplestrategies.第13页/共26页C.acure-allpill.D.Leadinganactivelifestyle.【答案】32.C33.A34.D35.B【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讨论了健康研究中确定真正原因的重要性，以及研究人员如何超越相关性来寻找答案。【32题详解】Correlationsoftenexistwithoutimplyingcausation.Forinstance,chocolateconsumptioncorrelateswiththenumberofNobelPrizewinnersinsomecountries.(相关性常常存在，但并不意味着因果关系。例如，在一些国家，巧克力的消费量与诺贝尔奖获得者的数量有关)”以及后文“Inturn,wealthrelatestoeducationandresearchfunding—keyfactorsbehindNobelachievements.(——这是诺贝尔奖成就背后的关键因素)”可知，讨论巧克力和诺贝尔奖的联系，所以前句应是“巧克力消费是财富的指标”之意，推知proxy意为“指标”和C项意思相近。故选C项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“There’soneinterestingcontrast,however.Incriminalcases,thestandardofproofis“beyondreasonabledoubt”,butsciencedemandsproofbased“onthebalanceofprobabilities”.Thisreflectsscientists’willingnesstorevisetheirbeliefswhenbetterevidenceemerges.(然而，有一个有趣的对比。在刑事案件中，证明标准是“排除合理怀疑”，但科学要求证明基于“可能性平衡”。这反映了科学家在出现更好的证据时愿意修正自己的观点。)”可知，科学家的推断与检察官的结论不同之处在于，科学家愿意在出现更好的证据时修正自己的观点，即他们的推断是开放的、可以更新的。故选A项。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Thegoldstandardfordirectevidenceofcausationistherandomisedcontrolledtrial(RCT),whereparticipantsarerandomlyassignedtoeitherreceiveaninterventionortobea“control”.Thisensuresifyouseeadifferencebetweenthetwogroups,thiscanonlybeduetotheoftheintervention,whicheffectivelyprovescausation.（因果关系直接证据的金标准是随机对照试验(RCT)，参与者被随机分配到接受干预组或“对照组”。这就确保了如果你看到两组之间的差异，这只能是由于干预的效果，从而有效地证''可知，RCT被认为是确定因果关系的金标准是因为它确定了干预措施的效果，从而有效地证明了因果关系。故选D项。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Causationinhealthdoesn’tworkinasimpleway.Factorslikelifestyle,genes,andenvironmentinteracttodeterminediseaserisk.Achievingperfecthealthrequiresavarietyofactions,asnosingle第14页/共26页habit,superfood,ormagicpillistheanswer.(健康的因果关系并不简单。生活方式、基因和环境等因素相互作用决定疾病风险。达到完美的健康需要各种各样的行动，因为没有单一的习惯，超级食物或神奇药丸是答案。)”可知，作者建议要整合多种策略来改善健康。故选B项。第二节共5小题；每小题5分，满分5分)I’vealwaysdislikedgettingupinwinter.Asachild,Iwoulddragmyselfoutofbed,myeyeshalf-closed,andwatchmyschooluniformwarmingontheradiator.____36____It’stoodark,andIamalwayshalf-asleep.____37____Mostofthemarefun,butfewreallychangemylifeinthelongrun.Sunrisealarmclocks,however,aredifferent.They’vebecomeafundamentalpartofmymorningroutine.Mytoppicks,theLumieBodyclockSpark100andPhilipsSmartSleep,havegreatlybenefitedme.I’mwakingupeverydayfeelingmoreenergeticandmentallysharper.Essentially,sunrisealarmclocksareacombinationofalarmclockandlighttreatmentdevicethatshineswithincreasingbrightnessasyourwake-uptimeapproaches.Thelightinteractswithournaturalsleep-wakecycle,muchasthesundoeswhenitrises.____38____Sunrisealarmclocksalsopromotehealthiersleephabits.Inourtech-drivenworld,wakingupoftenmeansimmediatelycheckingourphones.Animportantstrengthofsunrisealarmclocksisthatyourmorningwake-upnolongerinvolvesyourphone.Stoppingasmartphonealarmmeansyourdaybeginswitheyeson-screen.____39____Butwiththeseclocks,youcanstartthedaywithaclearermindandmoreconcentration.Sleepispersonal,andnosingledevicefitseveryone.Butforme,sunrisealarmclockshavebeenagame-changer.They’reaffordable,withqualitymodelsavailableforunder£30.____40____Afterall,somemorningpeoplearemade,notborn.A.Theyprovetofallintothisuniquecategory.B.Interestedintech,Ioftentestfascinatingdevices.C.Therefore,wewakeupbiologicallypreparedfortheday.D.Thepathtoendlessscreentimeisjustafingerprintaway.E.Thesedays,IsetmultiplealarmstoensureI’mwokenup.F.Ifyouarestrugglingwithdarkmornings,it’sworthashot.G.AllofthesunrisealarmclocksI’vetestedhavetheirstrengths.【答案】36.E37.B38.C39.D40.F【解析】第15页/共26页【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日出闹钟的功能、优点以及作者个人的使用体验。详细解释了日出闹钟如何结合闹钟和光治疗设备的功能，通过逐渐增强的光线亮度来模拟日出，从而帮助人们更自然地醒来，并促进更健康的睡眠习惯。【36题详解】根据上文“Asachild,Iwoulddragmyselfoutofbed,myeyeshalf-closed,andwatchmyschooluniformwarmingontheradiator.(小时候，我会半闭着眼睛，拖着自己从床上起来，看着我的校服在暖气片上暖着)”以及下文“It’stoodark,andIamalwayshalf-asleep.(天太黑了，我总是处于半睡半醒的状态)说的是现在作者起床的状况。选项E“Thesedays,IsetmultiplealarmstoensureI’mwokenup.(如今，我会设置好几个闹钟来确保自己能醒来)”符合语境，衔接上下文，说明现在作者为了起床所采取的措施。故选E。【37题详解】根据下文“Mostofthemarefun,butfewreallychangemylifeinthelongrun.Sunrisealarmclocks,however,aredifferent.(它们大多数都很有趣，但从长远来看，很少有能真正改变我生活的)”可推测，空处要提到“them”所指代的内容。选项B“Interestedintech,Ioftentestfascinatingdevices.(因为对科技感兴趣，我经常测试一些有趣的设备)”能引出下文，说明作者测试各种设备，然后引出对日出闹钟的介绍。其中的“devices”与下文的“them”指代一致。故选B。【38题详解】根据上文“Essentially,sunrisealarmclocksareacombinationofalarmclockandlighttreatmentdevicethatshineswithincreasingbrightnessasyourwake-uptimeapproaches.Thelightinteractswithournaturalsleep-wakecycle,muchasthesundoeswhenitrises.(从本质上讲，日出闹钟是闹钟和光疗设备的结合，随着起床时间的-)说的是日出闹钟的原理以及对我们的影响。选项C“Therefore,we