英语情态动词全解析

英语情态动词全解析演讲人：日期：OverviewofModalVerbsDetailedexplanationoftheusageofmainmodalverbsUsageofspecialmodalverbsTenseandmoodofmodalverbsPracticalApplicationofModalVerbsCommonmistakesandexercisesCATALOGUE目录01OverviewofModalVerbsModalverbsareverbsthatexpressthespeaker'sattitudeandviewpointtowardsanactionorstate.Theyusuallydonotrepresenttheactionorstateitself,butexpressmodalmeaningssuchaspossibility,necessity,intention,suggestion,etc.DefinitionModalverbshavesomecharacteristicsofauxiliaryverbs,suchastheabsenceofathirdpersonsingularform,followedbytheverb'soriginalform,etc;Buttheyalsohavechangesinpersonandnumber,andcanbeusedinconjunctionwithverbtenses.BasicfeaturesDefinitionandBasicCharacteristicsClassificationofmodalverbsClassifiedbyformModalverbscanbedividedintoprototypemodalverbs(suchascan,may,must,etc.)andmodalverbswithan-edsuffix(suchascould,might,should,etc.).AccordingtosemanticclassificationModalverbscanbedividedintomodalverbsthatexpresspossibility(suchasmay,might,can,etc.),modalverbsthatexpressnecessity(suchasmust,should,oughtto,etc.),modalverbsthatexpressintention(suchaswill,would,etc.),andmodalverbsthatexpresssuggestion(suchascould,might,etc.).ThegrammaticalcharacteristicsofmodalverbsModalverbsarefollowedbytheiroriginalformandarenotaffectedbythesubject'spersonandnumber.Modalverbsdonothavetensechanges,butcanbeusedinconjunctionwithtimeadverbstoexpressdifferentconceptsoftime.Modalverbscannotfunctionindependentlyaspredicatesandmustformthepredicateparttogetherwiththeverbform.Theusageofmodalverbsininterrogativeandnegativesentencesfollowsacertainpattern,forexample,thenegativeformof'must'is'must't',whichmeans'forbidden'or'notallowed'.02DetailedexplanationoftheusageofmainmodalverbsUsageofcan/couldExpressiveabilityorpossibilitycanrepresentscurrentabilityorpossibility,couldrepresentspastabilityorpossibility.Allowcanrepresentspermissionorpermission,usuallyusedinaffirmativesentences,couldismoretactful,oftenusedininterrogativeornegativesentences.Proposalorsuggestion'could'canrefertoatactfulproposalorsuggestion,while'can'isusuallynotusedforthispurpose.Negativeformcan'tmeansunableorimpossible,couldn'tmeansunableorimpossibleinthepast.Possibility:mayrepresentsthecurrentpossibility,whilemightrepresentsasmallerpossibilityinthepastorpresent.May"isoftenusedtoexpresswishesorhopes,suchas"Mayyousucceed"towishyousuccess.Alloworpermit:mayrepresentsarequestforpermissionorpermit,commonlyusedinaffirmativeandinterrogativesentences.Negativeform:'maynot'meanspossiblynotornotallowed,'mightnot'meanspossiblynotorunlikely.Usageofmay/night02040103Theusageofwill/willIntentionordetermination01willrepresentsthecurrentintentionordetermination,whilewouldrepresentsthepastintentionordetermination.Predictionorinference02Willcanbeusedtopredictthefuturebasedonexistingsituations,whilewouldiscommonlyusedtoinferpastsituations.Habitualbehavior03'will'canrepresentfrequentbehaviororhabits,while'would'isoftenusedtodescribepasthabits.Hypotheticalmood04'would'isusedinthesubjunctivemoodtoindicatesituationsthatarecontrarytocurrentorpastfacts.Solicitingopinionsorsuggestions'shall'isusedinfirstpersonquestionstoindicateseekingtheotherparty'sopinion;'should'isusedinthirdpersondeclarativesentencestoindicateasuggestionorrequest.Obligationorresponsibilityshallreferstolegal,regulatory,orethicalobligationsorresponsibilities;Shouldrepresentsasuggestion,request,orinference.Futuretense'shall'iscommonlyusedinthefirstpersonfuturetensetoindicatefutureintentionsorplans;Shouldnotbeusedforthispurpose.Usageofshale/hourTonedifferenceThetoneof'should'ismoregentleandrespectfultowardsothersthan'shall'.SHALLcansometimesindicatethespeaker'sintentionordetermination.Usageofshale/hour03Usageofspecialmodalverbs123YoumustfinishyourhomeworkbeforeyougooutHemustbeathomeAttention:Thenegativeformof'must'is'must't',indicatingprohibitionorstronglydiscouraged.UsageandprecautionsofmustThedualpartofspeechofneeded/dareWhenusedasamodalverb,'need'isonlyusedinnegativeandinterrogativesentencestoindicate'need'NeedIgo?DoIneedtogoWhenusedasaconcreteverb,'need'canbeusedinaffirmative,negative,andinterrogativesentencestoindicate'need'HeneedssomehelpWhen'dare'isusedasamodalverb,itmeans'dare'Dareyougoalone?DoyoudaretogoaloneWhen'dare'isusedasaconcreteverb,itmeans'dare',butthetoneisweakHedoesn'tdaretoaskherSpecialusageof'lightto'and'usedto'YoushouldbemorecarefulThenegativeformof'oughtn'tto'is'oughtn'ttogothere',whichmeans'youshouldn'tgothere'IusedtogotoschoolbybikeThenegativeformof'usedto'is'usednotto'or'didnotuseto',whichmeans'Iusednottogooutveryoften'04TenseandmoodofmodalverbsTheusageofmodalverbstoexpressspeculationExpressingaffirmativespeculationaboutthepresentorfuturemust，should，could，may，might。Expressingspeculationaboutpastsituationsmusthavedone，shouldhavedone，couldhavedone，mayhavedone，mighthavedone。TheeuphemisticexpressionofmodalverbsExpressingarequestorsuggestioncould，would，might，wouldliketo。ExpressingpossibilityorsubjunctivemoodSolicitingopinionsorpossibilitieswould，might，could。may，could，would。123cannotmaynotneednotmustnotItisabsolutelyimpossibleorprohibited.Expressingprohibitionorstrongopposition.Indicatesthatitmaynotbeallowedorpermitted.Indicatesthatitisnotnecessaryorunnecessary.Thenegativeformofmodalverbs05PracticalApplicationofModalVerbsModalverbsindailyconversationsExpressiveabilityCancan,couldhavebeen,maycan.Indicatingpossibilitiesmaypossible,mightpossible,couldpossible.Expressingobligationsandresponsibilitiesshouldbe,oughttobe,havetobe.SuggestionsandadviceShallwe...okay?,Shouldbe,couldbeableto(tactfully).ModalverbsinBusinessEnglishExpressingpossibilityandcertainty01willwill,would(past),willwill(question),maymay,mustdefinitely/must.Expressingresponsibilityandobligation02should,must,haveto.Expresssuggestionsandadvice03couldsuggesttactfully,mayprovidesuggestions,shouldrecommendpractices.Expressingwillingnessanddetermination04willwilling,wouldwilling(inthepast),shallseektheotherparty'sopinion.Modalverbsinacademicwritingmaypossible,mightpossible,couldpossible.Indicatingpossibilitiesmustbe(inferred),shouldbe(inferred).shouldsuggest,wouldsuggest(tactfully),couldpossibly(tactfully).Expressinguncertaintymust,should,oughtto.Indicatingnecessity01020403Suggestandadvocate06CommonmistakesandexercisesAnalysisofCommonErrorsamongChineseStudentsConfusionofmodalverbmeanings01"must"isoftenconfusedwith"haveto","should"and"oughtto".Ignoretenseandvoice02Althoughmodalverbsdonotindicatespecifictime,theiruseshouldbeconsistentwiththetenseandvoiceoftheverb.Improperuseofmood03Misuseorabuseofmodalverbswhenexpressingeuphemisticorspeculativemood,resultingininappropriatemood.Overuseof'can'04Whenexpressingabilityorpossibility,overuseof'can'whileignoringtheuseofothermodalverbs.Thedistinctionbetween"should"and"oughtto":Bothindicateadviceorobligation,butthetoneof"oughtto"isstronger.Thedistinctionbetween"can"and"could":"can"representscurrentabilitiesorpossibilities,while"could"isusedforpastorfutureabilitiesorpossibilit