2025届清华大学高三下第一次测试英语试题含解析

2025届清华大学高三下第一次测试英语试题考生请注意：1．答题前请将考场、试室号、座位号、考生号、姓名写在试卷密封线内，不得在试卷上作任何标记。2．第一部分选择题每小题选出答案后，需将答案写在试卷指定的括号内，第二部分非选择题答案写在试卷题目指定的位置上。3．考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．—Areyoureadytoleave?—Almost,I’llbereadytogojustassoonasI________puttingthecleandishesaway.A．getthrough B．giveupC．carryout D．setabout2．Althoughthetest________looklikeasimpleone,greatcareisneeded.A．may B．must C．should D．need3．Criticizedasonlinegamesare,theyneverfailto______alargenumberofteenagers．A．appealto B．objectto C．referto D．turnto4．Whileintheuniversity,wewereofferedanumberofafter-schoolactivitiestooursocialskills.A．createB．growC．settleD．develop5．Playingwiththeirpeers,childrenlearntoandnotdoexactlywhattheywanttodo.A．compromiseB．competeC．contributeD．construct6．Yourredcoatlookssogood.Itstoodoutclearly______thesnow.A．acrossB．againstC．throughD．over7．It’s_______forpeopletoblametrafficjams,thecostofgasandthegreatspeedofmodernlife.A．reasonable B．availableC．accurate D．cautious8．—Whataconsequence!—Yes.I________himaboutit,butwithoutsuccess.A．willremindB．wouldremindC．wasremindingD．hadreminded9．Thetoughestthingaboutsuccessis________youhavetokeeponbeingasuccess.A．why B．when C．what D．that10．WhentheadmissionletterfromHarvardUniversityarrived,Ben'sparentswereandthrewabigparty.A．intheredB．tickledpinkC．aswhiteasasheetD．inabluemood11．______isimportantinstudyisdiligenceratherthanintelligence.A．Which B．WhatC．Who D．When12．Facedwiththedilemma,thecompanycommittee________apublicstatement,appointingthecapablemantobeitsnewglobalchieffinancialofficer.A．pulledoutB．putoutC．reachedoutD．drewout13．MoreexpresswaysinSichuansoontopromotethelocaleconomy.A．arebeingbuilt B．willbebuiltC．havebeenbuilt D．hadbeenbuilt14．Nostudent________gooutofschooltohavelunchwithoutpermissionoftheheadteacher.A．might B．mustC．shall D．could15．Mysonturnedtobookstoresandlibrariesseekinginformationaboutthebookrecommendedbyhisprofessor,but________none.A．wouldfind B．hadfoundC．found D．hasbeenfinding16．WhileworkinginKunming,hecheckedtheweathereachmorningformonths________herealizeditwouldbethesameeveryday.A．whenB．afterC．beforeD．since17．Theworseworkingconditionswearelookingforwardto______musthaveattractedthelocalgovernment’sattention.A．seeimproved B．seeingimprovedC．seeimproving D．seeingtoimprove18．—Whatdoyouwanttodonext?Wehavehalfanhouruntilthebasketballgame.—_____.Whateveryouwanttodoisfinewithme.A.It’suptoyou B．GladtohearthatC．Youcan’tmissit D．Itjustdepends19．Sheisastrong-willedwomanandnotonce_______intoanydifficultyinherlife.A．shehasgiven B．didshegive C．shegave D．hasshegiven20．Agoodsuitcaseisessentialforsomeonewhois

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asmuchasJackieis.A．ontheriseB．onthelineC．onthespotD．ontherun第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21．（6分）Youknowhowmuchyourtelephonehaschangedoverthepast10years?Yourcarwillchangeevenmorethanthatinthenext10years.Oneofthebigchangesisthatcarswilldrivethemselves.Somedayyoumaynotneedtodriveacar.Youwilljusttellthecarwhereyouwanttogoanditwilldriveitself.“Wedefinitelyhavethetechnologyforitnow,”saysAndrewPoliakofautomotivetechnologysupplierQNX.“Weexpectself-drivingcarstobeamainstreamthingbetween2020and2025.”TheAmericancompanyGooglehasbeenworkingonaself-drivingautomobileforyears.ThesecarsarealreadyontheroadsintheUnitedStates,mainlyinCalifornia.Googlecarsaretrulyself-driving.Thesecarshavenosteeringwheels(方向盘）orpedals.Lastweek,policeorderedoneofGoogle’scarstostopfordrivingtooslowlyonapublicroad.Thecarwasnotdisobeyinganylaw,sonoonewaspunished.Butpolicedidspeakwiththeoperatorsofthevehicle.AccordingtoGoogle,itsself-drivingcarshavebeendrivennearly2millionkilometers.Thatisequaltothedistancetheaveragepersondrivesin90years.Sofar,noGoogleself-drivingcarhasgottenatrafficticket.Someofthemhavebeeninaccidentswhenothercarshitthem.Othercompaniesareworkingonself-drivingcars.Mercedes-Benz,Audi,BMW,VolvoandToyotaallhaveplansforsuchvehicles.AcompanycalledBestMileplanstooperateselfdrivingbusesinSwitzerlandnextspring.Thebuseswillholduptoninepeopleandwillbetestedfortwoyears.Mercedes-Benzisdevelopinglargeself-drivingtrucksforlongtrips.Thesetrucksusedriverstocontrolthem.1、WhatAndrewPoliaksaidsuggeststhat.A．hetakesprideintheirtechnologyonself-drivingcarsB．heiseagertoselltheirtechnologyonself-drivingcarsC．heisoptimisticaboutthedevelopmentofself-drivingcarsD．hefeelssurepeoplewillsoonhavethetechnologyforself-drivingcars2、WhydidthepoliceorderoneofGoogle’scarstostoplastweek?A．Becauseitsspeedwastoolow.B．Becauseitdisobeyedlocallaws.C．Becausetheoperatorsbehavedbadly.D．Becausethereexistedtechnologicalproblems.3、WhatcausedsomeofGoogle’sself-drivingcarstohaveaccidents?A．Lackofexperience. B．Highspeed.C．Othercars’faults. D．Toomuchtraffic.4、Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Self-drivingCarsB．HowtoDevelopSelf-drivingCarsC．TheAdvantagesofSelf-drivingCarsD．OwningASelf-drivingCarIsFashionable22．（8分）Formorethantwentyyearsscientistshavebeensearchingforsignsoflifeonotherplanets.Mostofthesesearcheshavebeendoneovertheradio.Thehopeisthatsomeoneinouterspacemaybetryingtogetintouchwithus.Scientistsalsohavesentradioandtelevisionmessagesonspaceshipstravelingthroughspace,onthechancethatsomeonemaybereceptivetosuchmessages.Scientistsareusingpowerfulradiotelescopetolistentosignalsfromabout1,000stars,allwithin100lightyearsofearth.Inaddition,theywillscan(扫视)theentireskyto“listen”forradiomessagesfrommoredistantstars.Usingacomputer,theywillbeabletomonitormorethaneightchannelsatonetime.Scientistsarelookingforanysignalthatstandsoutfromthebackgroundnoise.Ofthe200billionstarsintheMilkyWaygalaxy,scientistsfindthatfivepercentarelikeoursun.Perhapshalfofthemhaveaplanetlikeearth.Suchaplanetwouldbeareasonabledistancefromthestarfortemperaturestoberightfortheevolution(进化)oflife.Basedontheinhabitable(thatcanbelivedin)planetsinourgalaxy,mostscientistsagreethatchancesarelikelythatoneormoreoftheseplanetssupportsomelife.However,manyscientistswonderwhetherintelligentlifeexistsonotherplanets.Somebelievethattwentyyearsofsearchingwithoutanyintelligiblemessagesshowsthatnooneisoutthere.Theysaythattheevolutionofintelligencecomparabletooursisunlikely.Otherscientistsbelievethatoursearchhasn’tbeenlongenoughtoruleoutthepossibilitythatintelligentlifeexistsinourgalaxy.Althoughoursunfamilyinonlyaboutfivebillionyearsold,ourgalaxyisabout20billionsyearsold.Inthattime,somescientiststhinkitislikelythatcivilizationsaremuchmoreadvancedthanours.Perhapsthesecivilizationssendusnosignals;perhapswehavenotrecognizedthesignalstheyhavesentus.Ifwehopetofindintelligentlife,thesescientistsbelievethatwehavetokeeplooking.1、Accordingtothepassage,howmanyplanetsinourgalaxymightbeinhabitable?A．15billion.B．10billion.C．5billionD．200billion2、Thefirstparagraphinthispassageismainlyabout________.A．whyscientistsarelookingforsignsoflifeonotherplanetsB．howscientistsarelookingforsignsoflifeonotherplanetsC．wherescientistsarelookingforsignsoflifeonotherplanetsD．whenscientistsarelookingforsignsoflifeonotherplanets3、Theunderlinedword“monitor”inthepassagemeans“________”.A．findB．followC．formD．check4、WhichofthesestatementsisTruebasedontheinformationinthepassage?A．Scientistsaretyingdifferentwaystofindsignsoflifeonotherplanets.B．Mostscientistsbelievethatthereisintelligentlifeonotherplanets.C．Theearthisoneoftheoldestplanetsinourgalaxy.D．Scientistsdon’tbelievethattheremightbelifeonotherplanets.23．（8分）Justayearago,thecolorswerebrightunderthewaves.Nowit’sgray—theMaldivianreefisdead.Thecoraliskilledbythepressureofrisingtemperatures.Coralreefsareareasunderwaterwheresmallcreatureslive.Thecoralishardmaterialformedonthebottomoftheseabytheskeletonsofthosecreatures.Buttheworldhaslostabouthalfitscoralreefsinthelast30years.Scientistsareworkingtopreventtheirdestruction.Duetoglobalwarming,over90percentofcoralsareexpectedtodieby2050.“Tolosecoralreefsistofundamentallyunderminethehealthofaverylargeproportionofthehumanrace,”saidRuthGates,directoroftheHawaiiInstituteofMarineBiology.Whyarecoralreefsimportant?Coralreefssupportafourthofallmarinespecies,aswellashalfabillionpeopleworldwide.Theyserveasbarrierstoprotectcoastlinesfromthestorms.Theyprovidebillionsofdollarsfromtourism,fishingandothertrade.Theyarealsousedinmedicalresearchforcuresfordiseases.“Everyoneshouldbeconcerned,”saidbiologistOveGuldbergatAustralia’sUniversityofQueensland.“Thisisnotjustsomedistantdivedestination.Thisisthebasicstructureoftheecosystemwedependon.”Theoceanisgettingwarmer.ArisingtemperatureofjustonetotwodegreeCelsiuscanforcecoraltoexpelthealgae(驱逐海藻)thatlivethere.Thisleavestheirwhiteskeletonsuncovered.Itisaprocesscalled“bleaching”.Sixteenpercentoftheworld’scoralsdiedofbleachingin1998.Theproblemhasbecomemuchworseinrecentyears.“We’velost50percentofthereefs,butthatmeanswestillhave50percentleft,”saidRuthGates,whoisworkinginHawaiitobreedcoralsthatcanbetterwithstandincreasingtemperatures.Sheisalsotryingto“train”coralstosurviverisingtemperatures.Gatessaysitistimetostart“thinkingoutsidethebox”—findcreativewaystohelpthem.1、Theunderlinedword“undermine”inparagraph2means___________.A．weaken B．regain C．promote D．overlook2、What’sthemajorconcernofthescientistslikeOveGuldberg?A．Peoplewon’tfindadivedestinationinthefuture.B．Theefforttosavecoralswillturnouttobefruitless.C．Thedestructionofcoralreefswillaffecttheearthecosystem.D．Thebrightseahaslostitscharmbecauseofthosedeadcorals.3、Thefourthparagraphismainlyabout___________.A．theharmofalgae B．theprocessof“bleaching”C．theimportanceofcoralreefs D．thechangeofoceantemperature4、RuthGates’attitudetowardstheprotectionofcoralsis___________.A．proud B．cautious C．optimistic D．casual24．（8分）Youngsunflowersturnandswingeveryday.Newfindingsaddtoevidencethattheplantsareanimal-like.Harmer,aprofessorintheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavis’DepartmentofPlantBiology,carriedoutaseriesofexperimentsonsunflowersinthefield,inpotsoutdoorsandinindoorgrowthchambers.Bystakingplantssothattheycouldnotmove,Harmershowedthathecoulddestroytheirabilitytotrackthesun.Healsonoticedthatsunflowerspreventedfrommovingwerenotastoughandleafyasthosethatwerefreetomove.Whenplantsweremovedindoorwithasettledoverheadlight,theycontinuedtoswingbackandforthforafewdays.Theindoorplantsdidstarttrackingthe“sun”againwhentheapparentsourceoflightingwasmovedacrosstheroom.Theplantscouldreliablytrackthemovementandreturnatnightwhentheartificialdaywasclosetoa24-hourcycle,butnotwhenitwascloserto30hours.Whensunflowerstrackthesun,thecastsidesoftheirstemsgrewmorerapidlythanthewestsides.Ainight,thewestsidesgrewfasterasthestemswungtheotherway.Theteamidentifiedanumberofgenesthatwereexpressedathigherlevelsonthesunwardsideoftheplantduringtheday,orontheothersideatnight.Aplantgrowth-regulatinghormone,calledauxin,appearstobeakeydriver.The“dance”tothesuncycleobviouslyslowswhenthesunflowermaturesanditsflowersopenup.Atthatpoint,theplantsstopmovingduringthedayandsettledownfacingthesunintheeast.“Beeslikewarmflowers.”Harmersaid,addingthatthebeesarecold-blooded,solandingonawarmflowersavesthemenergyandperhapsfeelsreallygood.“Themorningwarmthchangestheflowersinawaytomakethemmoreappealingtoinsects,perhapscausingthemtoreleasemoreattractivescentsearlierintheday.”hesaid.“We’recurrentlytestingthisidea.”1、WhydidHarmerdotheexperimentonsunflowers?A．Toseehowsunflowersgrowup.B．Toshowwhatsunflowers’genesare.C．Tostudywhysunflowerstrackthesun.D．Tocheckifsunflowersswingincloudydays.2、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“slaking”probablymeaninParagraph3?A．Tracking.B．Fastening.C．Preserving.D．Researching.3、Whatistheresultofsunflowersbeingstoppedfrommoving?A．Theywon’tgrowwell.B．Theywillgrowfasterthanusual.C．Theywon’tswingbackthoughsetfree.D．Theywillproduceanumberofnewgenes.4、Whatistheadvantageofsunflowers’dancetothesun?A．Theyattractmoreinsects.B．Theysavemoreenergy.C．Theymaturemorerapidly.D．Theyproducemoreflowers.25．（10分）Sleeprepairsthebodyandthemindandhelpspreventdiseasebystrengtheningtheimmunesystem.However,manyadultsdonotgeteighthoursofsleepeachnight.Theaverageadulttodaygetsonly6.4hoursofsleep.Onlyinrecentyearshavehealthprofessionalsbeguntorealizetheseriousnessofsleepdeprivationintheworkingpopulation.Asignificantnumberofpeopleworkatnight,worklonghours,orsufferfromsleeplessnessorjetlag.Studiesshowthatthebrainisnegativelyaffectedbysleepdeprivationbecausecertainpatternsofelectricalandchemicalactivitythatoccurduringsleepareinterruptedandthebraincannotfunctionnormally.Inonestudy,thirteenhealthyadultsubjects(实验对象)whousuallyhadnormalsleeppatternswerekeptawakeandcarefullymonitoredinalabduringaperiodof35hours.Duringtheexperiment,thesubjectswereaskedtoperformseveraltasks,suchasmathematicsandwordproblems,whileundergoingscansoftheirbrainactivity.Theresearchersfoundthatthetemporallobe(颞叶)ofthebrain,theregioninvolvedinlanguageprocessing,wasactiveduringspeechtasksinrestedsubjectsbutnotinsubjectswholackedenoughsleep.Afterseveralhourswithoutsleep,therewasnoactivitywithinthisregion.Severalstudiesshowthatgettingfewerthansixhoursofsleepcandamageshort-termmemoryandreactiontime—thuscausingaseriousriskofaccident.Inonestudyofdrivers,researchersreportedthatsleepdeprivationhadthesameeffectsasbeingdrunk.Theyfoundthatpeoplewhodroveafterbeingawakefor17hoursperformedworsethanthosewithabloodalcohollevelof0.5percent,thelegallimitfordrunkdrivinginmostwesternEuropeancountries.Theresearchersconcludedthatcountrieswithdrunkdrivinglawsshouldconsidersimilarrestrictionsagainstsleep-depriveddriving.1、Theunderlinedword"deprivation"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_______.A．weaknessB．lossC．discomfortD．pain2、ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingascausesofsleepdeprivationEXCEPT______.A．jetlagB．longworkhoursC．boringworkD．workingatnight3、ThepurposeofthestudydescribedinParagraph2wastodetermine_________.A．howmanyhourspeoplecansurvivewithoutsleepB．howpeoplereactwhentheirsleepisinterruptedC．thechangesinbrainactivitythatoccursduringsleepD．theeffectsofsleepdeprivationonbrainactivity4、WhydoestheauthormentionbloodalcohollevelinParagraph3?A．Toshowhowsleepdeprivationreducesthebloodalcohollevel.B．Toshowthatsleepdeprivationhasthesamedangerouseffectsasbeingdrunk.C．Tosuggestthatsleep-depriveddriversarealsolikelytodrink.D．Toargueagainstraisingthelegallimitfordrunkdriving.第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．26．（30分）完形填空Thismorning,Iarrivedatmyofficeearliertocatchuponsomeemails.Onthewayto1,Icouldn’t2itwhenIsawsomebeautifulflowersatthegrocerystore.Ipickedsomeup,3afewchocolatebars.Withtheofficesoempty,Idecidedtotakethe4toputthechocolatebarsonsomedesks.Istartedheadingtowardsareas5noonehadcomeyet.I6oneandasmilecardontheCEO’sdesk.AndthenIwenttohis7deskandplacedonethere,andquicklyputathirdoneonthedeskofaquietgentleman.Later,Ienteredthekitchen,8twocupsofwaterandwalkedintothe9Itookouttheflowersfrommybagand10themintwobunches,oneineachcup.Withalittlesighof11,Isteppedoutoftherestroomandlookedaround.Theofficewasstill12emptyandthepeopleclosesttomewere13withaMondaymorning“Howwasyourweekend?”14I15andwentbacktomydesk.Itstruckmethatmyhousematewhohadpackedmylunchformeso16todaysnuck(偷偷地给)achocolatebarinthere,soI17placeitonthedeskofourreceptionisttocompletethecircleasIheadedoutoftheofficethisevening.Ourreceptionistisalwaysthefirstpersonintheoffice,andshealways18mewithasmilewhenIcomein.Maybetomorrowmorning,this19cangreether.Ihaveno20howtheyfeelwhenreceivingthegifts,buttheywillsurelysmile!1、A．work B．job C．company D．business2、A．stop B．help C．get D．afford3、A．regardlessof B．alongwith C．exceptfor D．insteadof4、A．adventure B．authority C．possibility D．opportunity5、A．when B．because C．though D．where6、A．chose B．placed C．delivered D．carried7、A．wife’s B．manager’s C．assistant’s D．director’s8、A．discovered B．ordered C．filled D．emptied9、A．restroom B．meetingroom C．smokingarea D．officeroom10、A．applied B．adjusted C．arranged D．attached11、A．regret B．concern C．relief D．excitement12、A．especially B．thoroughly C．totally D．pretty13、A．concerned B．accustomed C．limited D．occupied14、A．conversation B．congratulation C．consideration D．condition15、A．amazed B．smiled C．delighted D．celebrated16、A．sweetly B．obviously C．wildly D．fortunately17、A．need B．could C．must D．dare18、A．waves B．nods C．greets D．meets19、A．gift B．performance C．flower D．method20、A．opinion B．point C．view D．idea第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27．（15分）Onenightfourcollegekids1．(stay)outlate,partyingandhavingagoodtime.Theypaidnomind2．thetesttheyhadscheduledforthenextdayanddidn'tstudy.Inthemorning,theyhatchedaplantogetoutof3．(take)theirtest.Theycovered4．(they)withgrease（润滑油）anddirtandwenttotheDean'soffice5．(nervous).Oncethere,theysaidthey6．(be)toaweddingthepreviousnightandonthewaybacktheygot7．flattireandhadtopushthecarbacktocampus.TheDeanlistenedtotheirsadstoryandgotlostindeep8．(think).Thenheofferedthemaretestthreedayslater.Theythankedhimandacceptedhisoffer.9．thetestdayarrived,theywenttotheDean.TheDeanputthemallinseparate10．(room)forthetest.Theywerefinewiththissincetheyhadallstudiedhard.Thentheysawthetest.Ithad2questions.第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）28．（10分）短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Asthesayinggoes,filialpiety(孝顺)isthemostimportantinallvirtues、RespecttheelderlyisaChinesetradition,whatisvaluedbyallChinese、Itisalsoveryimportantforthesocietytodevelophealthy、Tocaretheeldersnotonlyinvolveachildandafamily,butalsobenefitsthesocietyandthecountry、Sothisproblemhasbecomeaheatingissue、Aschildren,theyshouldtakecareofitseldersinmaterialandspirit、Foranexample,theyoughttogobackhomeoftenseetheirparentsandaccompanythem、Asthegovernment,theyshouldperfectthelaw,becausethesystemwasfarfromperfect、What’smore,thegovernmentshouldprovideassista