英语句子成分课件-2025届高三英语一轮复习

英语句子成分基本句型为什么要学会分析句子成分01英语八大句子成分02英语五大基本句型03练习04为什么要学会分析句子成分为什么要学会分析句子结构分析理解长难句提升阅读理解能力增强写作能力提高听力理解能力适应不同语境和风格避免中式英语英语八大句子成分英语八大句子成分什么是句子成分？什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。英语的基本成分有八种：主语（Subject）、谓语（Predicate）、宾语（Object）、定语（Attribute）、状语(Adverbial)、补语（Complement）、表语（Predicative）和同位语（Appositive）。这些句子成分相互配合，在句子中扮演不同的角色，使得句子能够清晰、完整地表达信息。‌1.S(subject)主语2.V(verb)谓语3.O(object)宾语4.P(predicative)表语5.DO(directobjective)

直接宾语6.IO(indirectobjective)

间接宾语7.OC(objectcomplement)宾语补足语8.Attr.(attributive)定语9.A(adverbial)状语英语八大句子成分什么是句子成分？I

saw

acute

dog

Lucky

sleeping

intheparkyesterday.主语谓语定语宾语同位语宾语补足语状语英语八大句子成分主语句子叙述的主体，和宾语相对主动语态中动作的发出者，被动语态中动作的承受者Theybuiltanewschoollastyear.

Anewschoolwasbuiltbythemlastyear.通常不能省略，但在祈使句中可以(You)Don’tdrinktoomuch.一般放句首，有时也放句中和句末Thereisafootballunderthebed.Herecomesabus.Therebe句型中，主语在谓语be后倒装句中，主语在句末英语八大句子成分主语可以作主语的词类名词代词数词名词化的形容词不定式动名词从句Thedogiscute.Iwanttohaveadog.Oneandtwoisthree.Theoldshouldbehelped.Toenterauniversityismydream.Enteringauniversityismydream.Whathesaidisright.找出主语，并判断其由什么充当。Janeisplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbad.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）（主语从句）英语八大句子成分谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征只有动词和动词短语能作谓语谓语通常包括简单谓语和复合谓语Ilovemydog.由一个实义动词或动词短语构成Idon’twanttodrinkwater.Youshoulddrinkmuchwater.Youlookbeautiful.谓语有人称、数和时态的变化简单谓语复合谓语由情态动词/助动词+动词原形或系动词+表语构成找出下列句子中的谓语动词

Whathappened?Theplanetookoffat10o’clock.Wewerebeatenbytheirteam.Youcandoitifyoutryhard.Iwillwatchthemovie.Shequicklyfilledintheform.Timeflies.Thisisagoodstory.英语八大句子成分宾语动作的对象和承受者一般位于动词和介词之后（动宾、介宾）双宾语(间接宾语IO+直接宾语DO)Ilovemydog.Thefoodisforyou.Ericateachesus

English.间接宾语，通常为人直接宾语，通常为物英语八大句子成分宾语可以作宾语的词类名词代词数词不定式动名词从句Ilikedogs.Iloveher.Iwantthree(oranges).Ihopetoenterauniversity.Ilikeeatingoranges.Iwanttomakeclearwhathemeans.找出宾语，并判断其由什么充当

Showyourpassport,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（名词）（代词）（数词）（名词化的形容词）（不定式）（动名词）（宾语从句）英语八大句子成分定语用来修饰、限定名词或代词定语通常包括前置定语和后置定语Ihaveacutedog.放在被修饰或限定的词前修饰：Shegavemeabeautifuldoll.前置定语后置定语限定：Pleasegivemetheyellowbag.放在被修饰或限定的词后Thegirlinthereddressismysister.定语后置如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置。Thegirlinredishissister.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejust

now?英语八大句子成分定语可以作定语的词类名词形容词数词介词短语不定式分词副词IamanEnglishteacher.Ireadaninterestingbook.Ihavetwobrothers.Ihavealettertowrite.Thesmilinggirlismysister.Thebookthereismine.从句Thegirlinaredstressismysister.Sheisamotherwhohastwochilren.Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelfactory.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknowbetty’ssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词的所有格)(动名词)(过去分词)(定语从句)找出定语，并判断其由什么充当英语八大句子成分状语表示状态的语言，可由副词、分词、短语、句子等构成时间状语地点状语方式状语Sheistobemarriednextmonth.Helivesnexttoahospital.Igotoschoolonfoot.程度状语Iloveyousomuch.状语的类别让步状语Hewenttoschoolyesterdaythoughhewasill.英语八大句子成分状语表示状态的语言，可由副词、分词、短语、句子等构成原因状语结果状语目的状语Shewaspunishedforbeinglate.Heransofastthathewontherace.‌Shestudiedhardinordertopasstheexam.伴随状语Isleptwiththewindowopen.状语的类别条件状语Ifitrains,wewillstayindoors‌.状语（A）Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副词及副词性词组）HehaslearnedEnglishfortenyears.（介词短语）Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短语）Heisintheroom

makingamodelplane.（分词短语）Waitaminute.（名词）Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（状语从句）找出状语，并判断状语类型Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?

Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.

Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.

MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.

Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.

Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.

Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.

Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.

Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.Iamtallerthanheis.（时间）（原因）（条件）（地点）（方式）（伴随）（目的）（结果）（让步）（比较）英语八大句子成分补语在宾语后，又叫宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的性质、属性、状态、程度的词或短语，使句子意义完整宾语补足语不能去掉，去掉会使句子意义不完整Imademyroom

tidy.宾语宾补英语八大句子成分补语名词形容词副词不定式介词短语现在分词Wecallher

Lily.Myworkkeepsme

busy.Don'tletyourparents

down.Iaskedher

tohelpme.Ileftmykeys

onthedesk.Ifoundthedog

sleepinginthepark.可充当宾补的词类过去分词Ifoundmybag

stolen.找出宾补，并判断其由什么充当

HisfathernamedhimDongming.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.

Letthefreshairin.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.

Wesawherenteringtheroom.

Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.

Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（名词）（形容词）（副词）（不定式短语）（现在分词）（介词短语）（从句）英语八大句子成分表语又叫主语补足语，用来补充说明主语的特证、属性、状态、身份等与系动词一起构成复合谓语IamanEnlishteacher.Heishandsome.Itseemspossible.

系动词分类1.状态be动词（am/is/are）2.感官look,taste,feel,smell,sound3.变化grow,go,get,become,turn4.持续Keep,stay,remain5.证明prove6.好像seem,appear口诀：妆感正持续变好找出表语，并判断其由什么充当

Isityours?Theweatherhasturnedcold.

Thespeechisexciting.

Threetimessevenistwentyone?HisjobistoteachEnglish.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.Themachinemustbeoutoforder.Timeisup.Theclassisover.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（代词）（形容词）（形容词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（介词短语）（副词）（表语从句）英语八大句子成分同位一个名词（或其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。同位