安徽省皖南八校2024-2025学年高三上学期第二次大联考英语试题 含解析

英语考生注意：1.本试卷由四个部分组成。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。3.本卷命题范围：高考范围。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15B.£9.18C.£9.15答案是C。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whendidthemanmeethisfriend?A.At3:30. B.At4:30. C.At10:30.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Whatdidyoudoyesterday?M:Iwentswimming.Iarrivedatthepoolat3:30p.m.andswamforanhour.Justthen,Imetanoldfriendthere.Whataboutyou?W:Inthemorning,IwasabouttogooutwhenIgotacall.Afterthat,Iplayedbasketballataround10:30a.m.Itwasfun.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howdidthewomancometotheconference?A.Bybus. B.Bytaxi. C.Bysubway.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Howdidyoucometotheconference?M:Iintendedtotakeabus,butthere’satrafficjam.Ihadtotakeataxiinstead.Whataboutyou?W:Iwasgoingtodrive,butIcan’tfindmykeys.Atlast,Itookthesubway.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationmostlytakeplace?A.Atthelab. B.Atthelibrary. C.Attheclassroom.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:WhereisJack,Jane?Hewasn’tcomingtothelecture.W:Imethimatthelibraryjustnow.ButhetoldmethathewouldbegoingtothelabwithFred.M:Ok,Iwillgoandfindhim.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whydoesthesongoonatheatertrip?A.Tolearnhowtoputonaplay. B.Toraisemoneyforhisclub. C.Tovolunteerforthetheater.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Couldyousignthisformforschool,please,Mom?W:Let’sseeit.Oh,you’regoingonatheatertrip?M:Yes,everybodyfromDramaClubisgoing.Wewillraisemoneyforourclubbyputtingonaplay.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Aholiday. B.Adish. C.Atradition.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:HaveyoutriedanytraditionalChineseNewYeardishes?W:Yes,Ilovetryingdifferentdishesduringtheholiday.MyfavoriteisdefinitelyJiaozi.M:Metoo.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.WhatwillthemandoonSaturday?A.Attendadancingclub. B.Organizetheaudience. C.Watchthedancecompetition.7.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutthecompetition?A.Nervous. B.Confident. C.Calm.【答案】6.C7.A【解析】【原文】M:AreyoulookingforwardtothedancecompetitiononSaturday?W:Yes.Areyougoingtogoinforit?M:Noway.I’llbuyaticketandgowatch,though.Whataboutyou?W:I’mactuallycompetinginit—I’llprobablybeabitnervoussoIexpectyou’llhaveabettertimethanme.M:Well,I’msureyou’llbefineandtheaudiencewillloveit.Butthepeoplewhoorganizeditreallyshouldhaveputitoffuntileveryoneknewwhattheyweredoing.W:ThenIcouldhavemoretimetolearnmysteps.That’sforsure!听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whatdoesthewomanlikebestaboutthesong?A.Itsmelody. B.Itsbeats. C.Itslines.9.WhatareEasternBlue’ssongsusuallylike?A.Shallow. B.Meaningful. C.Dull.【答案】8.A9.B【解析】【原文】M:DidyoudownloadthatsongItoldyouaboutyesterday?W:YoumeanBlamelessbyEasternBlue?Yes,Idid.Iwashummingitallafternoon!Themelodyisreallyaddictive.M:Yeah,it’sgreat.Ithinkithasthepotentialtobecomereallypopular.W:Well,thelineswereabitofalet-downthough.Iwasexpectingsomethingmoreprofound.M:Oh,I’mnottoobotheredaboutthat.It’sallaboutthemusicandthebeatasfarasI’mconcerned.Therhythmjustgetsmegoing.W:EasternBluegenerallywritesongsthatmakeyouthink.Sothisonewasasurpriseforme.M:ButIstillthinkit’sagreatsong.Ihopetheyreleasemorelikethis.W:Maybeit’llbeareturntotheirmorethought-provokingstyle.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthecatalogue?A.Itisuseless. B.Itisdetailed. C.Itissimple.11.Whatisthemansatisfiedwithabouttheexhibition?A.Itsuseofnaturallight. B.Itssupplyofenergydrinks. C.Itsgiftoffreecatalogues.12.Whatsurprisedthemanalot?A.Theartworksweredisappointing. B.Fewvisitorscametotheexhibition. C.Theweatherwaspleasant.【答案】10.A11.A12.B【解析】【原文】W:HiMark,howdidyouliketheexhibition?M:Itwasallright,actually.I’vegotthecataloguehere.Wouldyouliketohavealook?W:Idon’tusuallybotherwiththem,personally.They’vealwaysfeltlikeawasteofmoney.M:Iknowwhatyoumean,butsomebodylentmethisone.Ithassomereallynicepicturesoftheartworksanddescriptions.W:What’sthegallerylike?M:Reallycoolusingnaturallighttoshowoffthepaintings—savesenergytoo.Thewaythelightfallsonthecanvasesmakesthecolorsseemevenmorelively.W:Iexpectitwascrowded.M:Well,I’dexpectedtheretobemassesofpeople.Infact,Inearlyhadtheplacetomyself.Itwassuchapleasantsurprise.W:Well,itsoundslikeyouhadagreatexperience.M:Definitely.Maybeyoushouldgiveitatrynexttime.W:Maybe.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.WhatisthewomanusingChatGPTtodo?A.Organizeoutlines. B.Generatecontents. C.Getuniqueopinions.14.WhatdoesChatGPTpreferinthestudy?A.Sciencefiction. B.Romancenovels. C.Historicalbooks.15.HowwasChatGPTtestedinthestudy?A.Bywritingsci-fistories. B.Byparticipatinginaquiz(测验). C.Byactingasastudent.16.WholikesInterstellarmost?A.Jamie. B.Devin. C.Dr.Robert.【答案】13.A14.A15.B16.B【解析】【原文】M:Hey,Jamie,Inoticedyou’reusingChatGPT,theAIcomputerprogram.W:Yeah,actually,I’vebeenusingChatGPTtohelpmewithmypaperwritinglately.Imean,youcan’treallytrusttheinformationitpresentsorexpectittogiveusuniqueopinions,butit’shelpfulfororganizingoutlines.M:Interesting.DidyouknowthatChatGPTisactuallyafanofsciencefiction?W:What?Areyousayingithasitsownreadingpreferences,justlikeIenjoyromancenovelsandyou’reintohistoricalfiction?M:Sortof.TherewasastudyconductedattheUniversityofCaliforniarecently.Dr.Robert,wholedthestudy,saidhisteamtreatedChatGPTlikeahighschoolstudentandquizzeditonvariousbooks.Theydiscoveredthatalargepartofthetop100booksinChatGPT’sdatabaseweresciencefictionstories.W:Unbelievable!Anyspecificexamples?M:Well,thestudymentionedonenotablebookcalledInterstellar.W:Oh,Isee.That’smybrother,Devin’sfavoritebook.M:Okay.AccordingtoDr.Robert,ChatGPT’spreferenceshavebeenshapedbythesourcesstoredinit,whichalsoinfluenceswhatitoffers.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Whathasahistoryof100years?AThestonewalls. B.Theironbridge. C.Thewoodenbridge.18.Whatknowledgedidthespeakerusefortheproject?A.Biology. B.Chemistry. C.Geography.19.Wheredidthespeakercollectwaterfortheproject?A.Ariver. B.Astream. C.Apond.20.Whatisthebestpresentationabout?A.Thesheepfarming. B.Thebeefarming. C.Thediaryfarming.【答案】17.B18.B19.A20.C【解析】【原文】W:Hello,I’mgoingtotellyouaboutmygeographyfieldtrip,soyouknowwhattoexpectwhenyougoonyours.Therewerebeautifultraditionalstonewallsandlotsoftrees.Therewasalsoalovelylittlewoodenbridgeoverastream.IsawanirononelaterandBillsaiditwas100yearsold.Thenextmorningwehadtodecidewhatweweregoingtododuringtheweek.Iworkedwithtwoclassmatesonwaterqualityinthelocalarea.Ineededtocollectsomesamplestoanalyze.Therewasplentyofwateraround,alakeneartheforest,asmallpondbehindthefieldcenter,andIgotmysamplesfromariver.Thefieldcenterhasasmalllab,andwedidworkthereintheevenings.IwasgladthatatschoolI’dpaidattentioninsomeclasses,becauseitturnedouttobehandytoknowsomechemistry.Luckilyitdidn’trequireanyknowledgeofbiology,becausethat’salladistantmemory!Onthelastday,itwastimeforustogivepresentationsaboutwhatwe’ddoneduringtheweek.Thebestonewasaboutthedifficultiesinvolvedindairyfarming.Sheepfarmingisimportantroundtheretoo,andsomeonegaveatalkonthataswell.Wedecidedtogetthefieldcentrestaffapresent.Isawtheyhadsomelocalhoney,sothatwasourgoodbyepresent.I’msureyou’llallhaveagreattimewhenyougoyourselves.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AFortravelersplanningaculture-focusedadventure,citiesarethebestplacetostart.Somecitiesfunctionaslivinggalleriesinthemselvesthroughcity-widestreetartoraward-winningarchitecture.Othersofferartisticwaystoexplorehistoryandculture,fromimmersive(沉浸式的)exhibitionstoforward-thinkinginitiatives.BudapestArttakestothestreetsintheHungariancapital.Here,citywallsactasacanvasformanyhomegrownandinternationalartiststomaketheirmark,whetherthroughpoliticalmessages,murals(壁画)oradmirationforbelovedfiguresandconcepts.Thoughtheartformhasnowspreadwellacrossthecity,theRubik’scubeandRefugeeGirlintheJewishQuarterremainrepresentativeworkstogetyoustarted.MilanMilan’sfashionheritagedatesbacktoitsdaysasanimportanttradingcentre,whenrichtraderswouldbringluxuriousfabricstothecityanddevelopandimprovetheirbusinessskillsinitsstreets.It’seasytoplanahandcraftedtourtakingincontemporaryfashionhouses,modernartgalleries,historicchurchesandarchitectureasyougo.CopenhagenDesignisintegratedintotheoutlineoftheDanishcapital.Copenhagen’sarchitecturehasbeenawardedmanyhonoursovertheyears,includingUNESCOWorldCapitalofArchitecture2023.Danishsymbol,ArneJacobsen,wasapioneerofmodernistarchitectureinthecity.Thespiral(螺旋形的)staircases,EggandSwanchairsandrepresentativeRoom606attheRadissonCollectionRoyalHotel,Copenhagen,weredesignedbyhim.RiyadhSaudiArabia’slargestcityhasactivelypositioneditselfasaglobaldestinationforcreativetravellersandtothisend,ithasestablishedtheRiyadhArtinitiative.Thefirstpublicartprojectofitskindinthecountry,RiyadhArt,aimstotransformthecityintoagallerywithoutwallsthroughpublicartfestivalsandworkshops.VisitthecapitalofSaudiArabian,Riyadh,inwinterandyou’llseethecityshinebrightlyunderthelightsofNoorRiyadh,theworld’slargestlightartfestival.21.WhatcanvisitorsdoduringthetourtoBudapest?A.Appreciatecolorfulpicturesonthecitywalls. B.Sendpoliticalmessagestobelovedfigures.C.Createrepresentativeworksacrossthecity. D.Spreadtheartformintheirhometown.22.WhatdoCopenhagenandRiyadhhaveincommon?A.Theyarecapitalcities. B.Theybothwonawards.C.Theyhavegallerieswithoutwalls. D.Theyarefamousforancientarchitecture.23.Whoaremostlikelytoshowinterestinthearticle?A.Traderswhosellluxuriousfabricstothecity. B.Historianswhostudycontemporaryhistory.C.Librarianswhoareinterestedinliterature. D.Touristswhopreferatripfocusedonculture.【答案】21.A22.A23.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个旅游目的地的情况和特色。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Here,citywallsactasacanvasformanyhomegrownandinternationalartiststomaketheirmark,whetherthroughpoliticalmessages,murals(壁画)oradmirationforbelovedfiguresandconcepts.(在这里，无论是通过政治信息、壁画还是对心爱人物和概念的崇拜，城墙都是许多本土和国际艺术家留下印记的画布)”可知，游客可以在Budapest欣赏城市墙上美丽的壁画。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“DesignisintegratedintotheoutlineoftheDanishcapital.(设计融入了丹麦首都的轮廓)”和最后一段“VisitthecapitalofSaudiArabian,Riyadh,inwinterandyou’llseethecityshinebrightlyunderthelightsofNoorRiyadh,theworld’slargestlightartfestival.(冬天去沙特阿拉伯的首都利雅得，你会看到这座城市在世界上最大的灯光艺术节NoorRiyadh的灯光下闪闪发光)”可知，Copenhagen和Riyadh都是首都。故选A。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Fortravelersplanningaculture-focusedadventure,citiesarethebestplacetostart.Somecitiesfunctionaslivinggalleriesinthemselvesthroughcity-widestreetartoraward-winningarchitecture.Othersofferartisticwaystoexplorehistoryandculture,fromimmersive(沉浸式的)exhibitionstoforward-thinkinginitiatives.(对于计划一次以文化为中心的冒险的旅行者来说，城市是最好的起点。一些城市通过城市范围内的街头艺术或获奖建筑，本身就是生活画廊。还有一些以艺术的方式探索历史和文化，从沉浸式的展览到前瞻性的倡议)”可知，最有可能对这篇文章感兴趣的人应该是计划专注文化冒险的游客。故选D。BOnawetJunemorning,EmilyBickwindsthroughafieldofknee-highcorn,justnorthofMadison,Wisconsin.Itfeelslikethatquiet,anticipation-filledmomentbeforeaconcert:Techpeoplearesettingupmicrophones,layingwires.She’shereforashow.Thestarofthisparticularshowisthemicrophoneitself.Researchassistantsareattachingittothecornplants,aninnovationthatBicknamedtheInsectEavesdropper(偷听者).Bick,ascientist,researcheswaystobetterdetecttheagriculturalinsectsthatleadtoseriouseconomiclossesworldwide.Shesaysimprovingtheharvestcouldbedonebyusingchemicalstokillthemmorestrategically—lessoften,atjusttherighttime.IntheCornBelt,that’scornrootworm,alsoknownasthe“billiondollarinsect”.Theinsectfeedsoncornroots,limitingtheplant’snutrientsupplyandmakingplantseasytofallingover.Climatechangeisbringingnewchallenges,insectsareontheupandupinwarmertemperaturesandexpandingtheirranges.“Welose20%ofourcroptotheinsect,soweshouldprobablybedoingsomethingifwewanttoconservemorelandfornon-agriculturaluse,”Bicksays.Bick’ssolutiontotheproblemofinsectdetectionissound:Identifytheinsectbyeavesdroppingontheuniqueskakingthatitmakeswhenchewingonaplant.TheInsectEavesdropperusesacontactmicrophone,anaffordabledevicethatmusiciansoftenuseoninstruments.Alittlemetaldevicesitsonasolidobject—likecorn—andcapturestheshakingmovingthroughit,registeringeachonewithanelectricalsignal.“Whencornrootwormfeedsontheroots,theshakingtranslatefromtherootsystemtothetopoftheplant,”Bicksays.“That’swherewe’repickingitup.We’reusingtheplantasthemusicalinstrument,asessentiallytheoutsideofaguitar.”TheInsectEavesdropperhasopenedBick’searstoawholeworldofinsectsounds,includinghernewfavorite:Aphids,whicheatupthesugarsflowingthroughphloem(韧皮部)withastraw-likemouthpart.“Itkindofsoundslikeyoustuckastrawtothebottomofamilkshake(奶昔),”shesays.24.WhydoesBickcometothecornfield?A.Toexperiencethequietnessinthewild. B.Toenjoyafieldmusicperformance.C.Tocollectinformationonagriculturalinsects. D.Toanticipateabrightcornharvesting.25.WhatcanbeinferredfromBick’swordsinParagraph4?A.Thelimitedsupplyofcornnutrient. B.Theurgencytosolvetheinsectattack.C.Theeffectofglobalwarmingonagriculture. D.Theeconomiclossoftheagricultureindustry.26.HowdoesBick’sInsectEavesdropperwork?A.Byrecordingthesoundmovementfromplants. B.Bybroadcastingfamousmusictocornplants.C.Bynumberingtheinsectsontheplants. D.Bysendingsweetmusicalsignals.27.WhatcanweknowaboutBick’sInsectEavesdropper?A.Ithashighcost. B.Ithasahugesize. C.Itisreliable. D.Itisfaulty.【答案】24.C25.B26.A27.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了科学家EmilyBick研发了一种名为“昆虫窃听器”的设备，用于更好地检测对农作物造成严重经济损失的农业昆虫，特别是玉米根虫。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“She’shereforashow.Thestarofthisparticularshowisthemicrophoneitself.Researchassistantsareattachingittothecornplants,aninnovationthatBicknamedtheInsectEavesdropper.(她来这里是为了看一场表演。这场特别表演的主角是麦克风本身。研究助理们正把它固定在玉米植株上，这是Bick称之为‘昆虫窃听器’的创新”。)”和第三段“Bick,ascientist,researcheswaystobetterdetecttheagriculturalinsectsthatleadtoseriouseconomiclossesworldwide.(Bick是一位科学家，她研究如何更好地检测导致全球严重经济损失的农业昆虫。)”可知，Bick来到玉米田是为了收集农业昆虫的信息。故选C项。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Welose20%ofourcroptotheinsect,soweshouldprobablybedoingsomethingifwewanttoconservemorelandfornon-agriculturaluse.(我们20%的作物都毁在了这种昆虫手里，所以如果我们想为非农业用途保留更多土地，我们可能应该做点什么。)”可知，从Bick的话中可以推断出解决昆虫攻击的紧迫性。故选B项。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“TheInsectEavesdropperusesacontactmicrophone,anaffordabledevicethatmusiciansoftenuseoninstruments.Alittlemetaldevicesitsonasolidobject—likecorn—andcapturestheshakingmovingthroughit,registeringeachonewithanelectricalsignal.(昆虫窃听器使用的是一个接触式麦克风，这是一种音乐家们经常在乐器上使用的廉价设备。一个小金属装置放在一个固体物体上，比如玉米，捕捉穿过它的震动，并用电信号记录每一个震动。)”可知，Bick的昆虫窃听器是通过记录植物发出的声音运动来工作的。故选A项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第五段“TheInsectEavesdropperusesacontactmicrophone,anaffordabledevicethatmusiciansoftenuseoninstruments.(昆虫窃听器使用的是一个接触式麦克风，这是一种音乐家们经常在乐器上使用的廉价设备。)”可推测出，Bick的昆虫窃听器是可靠的。故选C项。CResearchersstudiednearly450grassystructuresbuiltovertwoyearsbywhite-browedsparrowweavers(肯尼亚织雀)livingintheKalahariDesertinSouthAfrica.“Experimentsshowthatinexperiencedmalebirdswillwatchfamiliarmaleschoosingnest-buildingmaterialsandthenusethatinformationtoadjusttheirownchoices.Forexample,theypreferredapinktapebefore,ratherthananorangeone,buttheywillprefertheorangeoneiftheyseeothersusingit,”saysMariaCristinaTello-Ramos,aresearcher.Thisbirdspeciesbuildsgrassstructuresthatservetwopurposes:Theycanbeturnedintoasafespottohatcheggs,butthey’realsoshelterswherebirdscansafelyrestinsideatnight.Birdsshapegrassintoatube,whichendsupbeingshapedbasicallylikeanupside-downletter“U”.Tolearnmore,Mariaandhercoworkersmeasuredeverysinglestructurebuiltby43familygroupsovertwoseasons.Theyanalyzedeverythingfromthelengthofthetubestothetubes’widthtotheanglebetweentheU-shapedtubes’“arms”.Theyintendedtoseewhatmightaccountfortheobserveddifferences,carefullyconsideringfactorsliketemperatures,windspeed,andthenumberofbirdsineachfamily.Theycouldn’tfindanyexplanationforwhythebirdswerebuildingsuchdifferentstructures.“Andsinceit’sknownthatthesebirdsarehighlysocial,”saysTello-Ramos,“itseemsprobablethatfamilymembersarejustcopyingeachother,creatingacultureofnest-buildingthatgetspasseddownagainandagainandagain.”Sometimesafamilywilltakeanoutsiderundertheirwingandletitjointhegroup.“WhatIfoundmostfascinatingwasthefactthatwhenanewsparrowweaverjoinsthegroup,itdoesn’tbringtheculturaltransmissionofitsoldgroup,”saysCatherineSheard,abiologist.“Thatwouldn’thavebeenwhatIpredicted.”28.WhatdoesTellostressinherwordsinthesecondparagraph?A.Birdsemploygeneticstobuildnests. B.Birdsconstructneststoattractfemales.C.Birdstendtofollowsuitinnest-building. D.Birdsbuildtheirnestswithcolorfulmaterials.29.WhydobirdsbuilddifferentshapesofnestsaccordingtoTello-Ramos?A.Becausetheyadapttheirsizestofamilymembers.B.Becausetheyadjusttheneststomatchwindspeed.C.Becausetheytaketemperaturechangesintoaccount.D.Becausetheyhavevariousfamilynestingpreferences.30.WhatdidSheardoriginallyexpectinherstudy?A.New-comerswouldbuildnestsaccordingtogeneticdata.B.Newbirdswouldn’tadaptnewculturesofnest-building.C.Newjoinerswouldkeeptheirownculturaltraditions.D.Newmemberswouldadoptthenewnest-buildingways.31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ColorfulNestsAreaFashionforBirds B.TraditionLiesinnest-buildingMaterialsC.BirdsBuildTheirCultureintoTheirNests D.Nest-BuildingReflectsBirds’Gender【答案】28.C29.D30.C31.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了鸟儿在筑巢方面存在相互模仿，形成一种筑巢文化并代代相传的现象。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Experimentsshowthatinexperiencedmalebirdswillwatchfamiliarmaleschoosingnest-buildingmaterialsandthenusethatinformationtoadjusttheirownchoices.(实验表明，没有经验的雄鸟会观察熟悉的雄鸟选择筑巢材料，然后利用这些信息来调整自己的选择。)”以及第四段“itseemsprobablethatfamilymembersarejustcopyingeachother(看起来很可能家庭成员只是在互相模仿)”可知，Tello-Ramos通过实验说明没有经验的雄性雀会观察并模仿其他同类选择筑巢材料，进而强调织雀在筑巢时可能也相互模仿。故选C。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Theycouldn’tfindanyexplanationforwhythebirdswerebuildingsuchdifferentstructures.“Andsinceit’sknownthatthesebirdsarehighlysocial,”saysTello-Ramos,“itseemsprobablethatfamilymembersarejustcopyingeachother,creatingacultureofnest-buildingthatgetspasseddownagainandagainandagain.”(他们找不到任何解释为什么这些鸟会建造如此不同的结构。泰罗-拉莫斯说：“既然我们知道这些鸟是高度群居的，那么很可能家庭成员只是互相模仿，创造了一种筑巢的文化，这种文化一次又一次地传承下去。”)”可知，研究人员测量了鸟巢的各种数据并考虑了多种因素，但仍找不到鸟儿建造不同结构鸟巢的原因。文中提到这些鸟高度社会化，并且家庭成员之间似乎在相互模仿筑巢，形成了一种代代相传的筑巢文化。可推知，不同家庭在筑巢方面有各自的特点，即有不同的筑巢偏好。故选D。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段““WhatIfoundmostfascinatingwasthefactthatwhenanewsparrowweaverjoinsthegroup,itdoesn’tbringtheculturaltransmissionofitsoldgroup,”saysCatherineSheard,abiologist.“Thatwouldn’thavebeenwhatIpredicted.”(生物学家凯瑟琳·谢尔德说：“我发现最令人着迷的是，当一个新的肯尼亚织雀加入这个群体时，它不会带来旧群体的文化传播。这不是我所预料的。”)”可知，新加入的织雀不会将旧群体的文化传播到新群体中。这一发现与Sheard原来的预期相反。因此，她原来的预期应该是新加入的鸟类会带来它们原来群体的文化传统。故选C。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段““WhatIfoundmostfascinatingwasthefactthatwhenanewsparrowweaverjoinsthegroup,itdoesn’tbringtheculturaltransmissionofitsoldgroup,”saysCatherineSheard,abiologist.“Thatwouldn’thavebeenwhatIpredicted.”(生物学家凯瑟琳·谢尔德说：“我发现最令人着迷的是，当一个新的肯尼亚织雀加入这个群体时，它不会带来旧群体的文化传播。这不是我所预料的。”)”结合本文主要讲述了鸟儿在筑巢方面存在相互模仿，形成一种筑巢文化并代代相传的现象，因此C项“鸟把它们的文化建立在它们的巢里”适合作文章标题。故选C。DOver100yearsago,AlexanderGrahamBellaskedthereaderstodosomethingbraveandfresh—“tofoundanewscience”.Hepointedoutthatsciencesbasedonthemeasurementofsoundandlightalreadyexisted.Buttherewasnoscienceofodor(气味).Bellaskedhisreadersto“measureasmell”.Today,smartphonesprovideimpressivebuilt-incapabilitiesbasedonthesciencesofsoundandlight:voiceassistants,facialrecognitionandphotoimprovement.Thescienceofodordoesnotofferanythingcomparable.Butthatsituationischanging,asadvancesinmachinesmell,alsocalled“digitizedsmell”,arefinallyansweringBell’scalltoaction.Whereashumanvisionmainlyreliesoncellsintheretina(视网膜),smellisexperiencedthroughabout400typesofcellsinthenose.Machinesmellstartswithsensorsthatdetectandidentifymolecules(分子)intheair.Thesesensorsservethesamepurposeasthecellsinyournose.Buttobeusefultopeople,machinesmellneedstogoastepfurther.Thesystemneedstoknowwhatacertainmoleculeorasetofmoleculessmellsliketoahuman.Sothechallengeisformidable.Forthat,machinesmellneedsmachinelearning.Machinelearningstudiesthewordshumanstendtousetodescribewhattheyexperiencewhentheyencounterspecificodor-causingthings.However,thewebhasanunimaginablyhugeamountofaudio,imageandvideocontentthatcanbeusedtotrainartificialintelligencesystemsthatrecognizesoundsandpictures.Mostpeoplecannotdescribesmellsinwordaseffortlesslyandrecognizablyastheycandescribesightsandsounds.Soresearchersweren’tabletotrainreallypowerfulmachinelearningmodels.However,thingsstartedtochangein2015whenresearcherslaunchedtheDREAMSmellPredictionChallenge.ThecompetitionreleaseddatacollectedbyAndreasKellerandLeslieVosshall,andinvitedteamsfromaroundtheworldtosubmittheirmachinelearningmodels.By2019,thelargestdatasetshadgrownfromlessthan500moleculesintheDREAMchallengetoabout5,000molecules.Suchprogressinunlockingthecodeofsmellisnotonlyexcitingbutalsohashighlypromisingapplications,includingpersonalizedodor,earlydetectionofdisease,andmorerealisticaugmentedreality(增强现实技术)experiences.Thefutureofmachinesmelllooksbright.Italsopromisestosmellgood.32.WhydoestheauthormentionAlexanderGrahamBell?A.Toprovethecurrentprogressinmachinesmell.B.ToillustrateBell’sresearchintosoundandlight.C.Tostresstheapplicationofdigitalizedsmell.D.Tooffersomebackgroundinformationofthescienceofsmell.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“formidable”inParagraph3mean?A.Rewarding. B.Demanding. C.Stimulating. D.Confusing.34.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Introducetheshortageofsmelldatasets. B.Warnpeopleofthejunkinformation.C.Illustratetheuseofsmelltrainingmodel. D.Predictthetendencyformachinelearning.35.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthemachinesmell?A.Doubtful. B.Optimistic. C.Impossible. D.Contradictory.【答案】32.D33.B34.A35.B【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了机器嗅觉发展历程、工作原理、面临的挑战以及未来的应用前景，通过对比人类感官与机器感官的差异，阐述了机器嗅觉在科学研究和实际应用中的重要性和潜力。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Over100yearsago,AlexanderGrahamBellaskedthereaderstodosomethingbraveandfresh—“tofoundanewscience”.Hepointedoutthatsciencesbasedonthemeasurementofsoundandlightalreadyexisted.Buttherewasnoscienceofodor(气味).Bellaskedhisreadersto“measureasmell”.(100多年前，AlexanderGrahamBell要求读者做一些勇敢而新鲜的事情——“发现一门新科学”。他指出，以测量声音和光为基础的科学已经存在。但是没有关于气味的科学。贝尔要求他的读者“测量一种气味”)”可知，作者提到AlexanderGrahamBell是因为他在100多年前呼吁建立一门关于气味的新科学，因此是提供气味科学的背景信息。故选D项。【33题详解】词句猜测题。根据前文“Buttobeusefultopeople,machinesmellneedstogoastepfurther.Thesystemneedstoknowwhatacertainmoleculeorasetofmoleculessmellsliketoahuman.(但要想对人类有用，机器气味还需要更进一步。该系统需要知道某种分子或一组分子对人类来说是什么味道)”可知，机器嗅觉要知道某个分子或一组分子对人类来说闻起来像什么，要实现这样的功能并且进一步了解对人类来说的气味感受是非常困难的任务，因此“formidable”在这里的意思与“demanding”相近。故选B项。【34题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Mostpeoplecannotdescribesmellsinwordaseffortlesslyandrecognizablyastheycandescribesightsandsounds.Soresearchersweren’tabletotrainreallypowerfulmachinelearningmodels.(大多数人不能像描述景象和声音那样毫不费力地用语言描述气味。因此，研究人员无法训练出真正强大的机器学习模型)”可知，大多数人无法像描述景象和声音那样轻松、可辨别地用言语描述气味。因此，研究人员无法训练出真正强大的机器学习模型，本段主要讲述它的缺点。故选A项。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thefutureofmachinesmelllooksbright.Italsopromisestosmellgood.(机器嗅觉的未来看起来很光明。它也保证闻起来很香)”可推知，作者对机器嗅觉持乐观态度。故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。EverfoundyourselfreachingforyourfavoriteoldmovieorTVshowdespiteknowingeverylineandunexpectedplotchanges?You’renotalone.___36___Werewatchshowsforemotion,notplot.Rewatchingisanintentionalchoicebasedonourpriorknowledge.Knowingwhat’scomingallowsustotakechargeofourfeelings.Rewatchingandrepetitionlowerourloadsofmentalunderstandingtoo.___37___Wecanfreelymakeourselvescomplethyinvolvedintheexperience,enjoydetailswemighthavemissedthefirsttime,anddeepenourconnectiontothecharactersandstorylines.___38___Returningtosomethingknownwhenlifefeelschaoticcangroundus.Familiarcontentremovesthetensionofuncertainty